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Biomedical subjects

M Hawke

Publications and source records attributed to M Hawke.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Granular myringitis: a review.

Granular myringitis is the result of a localized chronic inflammation of the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane which is characterized by the development and persistence of granulation tissue over the involved area. The onset of the disease is insidious, and the symptoms, which are minor, are usually confined to chronic otorrhea and mild discomfort in the involved ear. Granular myringitis is a disease which is poorly understood and has received relatively little attention in the literature. The clinical features of this disease are outlined, the pathologic changes in the tympanic membrane illustrated, the literature reviewed and a strategy for treatment presented.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

Sudden hearing loss due to AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis--a temporal bone study.

We have presented the clinical history and temporal bone findings in a patient who manifested sudden hearing loss, and who subsequently was found to have cryptococcal meningitis associated with AIDS. The histopathologic findings are similar to earlier reports in patients without AIDS. Because cryptococcal infection is so much more common in AIDS patients than in the general population, it must be considered a causative factor when presented with an AIDS patient with progressive or sudden hearing loss. This offers the patient a chance for timely and effective treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

The embryonic development of the lateral nasal wall from 8 to 24 weeks.

This histological study of 20 fetal heads aged between 8 and 24 weeks of gestation demonstrates and describes the embryonic development of the lateral wall of the nose. The three turbinates (inferior, middle, and superior) arise as soft-tissue swellings (preturbinates) by 8 weeks' gestation. A cartilage capsule surrounds the nose at 8 weeks and by 9 weeks, medially directed flanges of cartilage have invaded all three preturbinates. The uncinate process arises from the medial surface of the lateral cartilaginous capsule and is first identifiable by 10 weeks. An "air space" progressively develops from 11 to 12 weeks lateral to the cartilaginous uncinate process and from this space, the embryonic channel to the maxillary sinus develops. The embryonic woven bone of the maxilla can be identified from 9 to 10 weeks and enlarges both absolutely and relatively to the nasal cavity, so that by 13 to 14 weeks, this expanding bone forms the lateral wall of the inferior meatus as the cartilaginous nasal capsule regresses.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1991

Sequelae of experimental tympanic and inferior canal wall perforations: the double meaning of epithelial migration.

The term "epithelial migration" has been used to describe both the normal surface movement of the tympanic epithelium and the movement of epithelial basal cells in repair processes. In an attempt to distinguish between these two processes and to determine their role in the repair of a wounded tympanic membrane, 20 guinea pig tympanic membranes were perforated inferiorly and tattooed with ink through an external incision. Sequential histology of whole temporal bones at intervals from the time of injury up to three weeks showed evidence of movement of the superficial layers of epidermis which was effective in the clearance of cellular debris but not in the closure of the perforation. Drum closure was effected more by the accumulation of exudate and epithelial hyperplasia. The migration of the epithelial basal cells was slow when compared to surface movement. It is suggested that tympanic epithelial surface movement is best described by a passive term such as "epithelial displacement" and that the term migration should be restricted to the activities of the living layers of epidermis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Diagnosis of rhinoliths with rigid endoscopy.

Three cases of rhinolithiasis are presented in which the diagnosis was facilitated by rigid endoscopic nasal examination. Coronal CT scans were used to delineate accurately the size and site of the rhinoliths. Neutron activation analysis was used in their elemental analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The secondary middle turbinate.

During functional endoscopic sinus surgery, the ethmoidal infundibulum and bulla are accessed through the middle meatus. This paper describes a secondary middle turbinate which arises from the lateral wall of the middle meatus, posterosuperior to the infundibulum and points superiorly within the meatus. A secondary middle turbinate was identified bilaterally in 6 out of 400 coronal CT scans of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The secondary middle turbinate did not obstruct the osteomeatal complex in any of our patients.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

Pitfalls in computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses.

The advent of functional endoscopic sinus surgery has created the need for high-quality radiographic images to assess the paranasal sinuses, document the detailed anatomy of the lateral nasal wall and provide an anatomical map allowing safe functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This paper will discuss our experience of 410 paranasal sinus coronal CT scans performed by the technique described by Zinreich prior to consideration of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The main indications for the scans were acute recurrent sinusitis, abnormal diagnostic nasal endoscopic examination and persistent facial pain. We will consider both the radiological and surgical difficulties that have arisen from the use of this technique and highlight some of the methods to avoid these difficulties. Claustrophobia and limitation of neck movements, particularly in patients over the age of 60, were the most common factors leading to suboptimal scans. Ensuring that the patient was in a symptom-free interval, the differential diagnosis of the opacified paranasal sinus and patients with gross polypoid disease created the most difficulty in interpretation. The anatomical assessment of the frontal recess and the identification of the optic nerve posterolateral to the posterior ethmoidal cell have created the greatest anatomical difficulty.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1991

Ethmomaxillary sinus and hypoplasia of maxillary sinus.

In a series of 410 coronal CT scans performed to assess paranasal sinus disease, we have identified eight cases in which an ethmomaxillary sinus was present. The ethmomaxillary sinus was unilateral in five cases and bilaterally present in three. The sex incidence was equal. Four patients had generalized mucosal disease of their paranasal sinuses which included the ethmomaxillary sinus whereas four patients had osteomeatal complex disease and sparing of their ethmomaxillary sinus. The characteristic radiological features of an ethmomaxillary sinus were drainage into an enlarged superior meatus, reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus and a normal bony orbital cavity. The differential diagnosis of an apparently hypoplastic maxillary sinus is briefly discussed.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomographic findings in atrophic rhinitis.

Computed tomography (CT) has been used increasingly in the assessment of patients with symptoms of sinonasal disease since the introduction of functional endoscopic surgery for the treatment of chronic sinusitis. The association of sinusitis and atrophic rhinitis will inevitably lead to more frequent imaging of patients with atrophic rhinitis. Correct interpretation of the CT appearances of atrophic rhinitis is important as misinterpretation may have serious implications during sinus surgery. These appearances have not been described previously. We describe and discuss the CT findings in three patients with clinical evidence of atrophic rhinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The safety and efficacy of Emla cream topical anesthesia for myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion.

Emla cream is a eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine which can be used to anesthetize the tympanic membrane for myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion. This paper describes the anesthetic method and considers the safety and efficacy of this technique in 37 tympanic membranes from 29 adult patients. All of the patients easily tolerated the procedure. Patients with experience of previous tympanic membrane anesthetic techniques stated a preference for the Emla cream technique. No patient complained postoperatively of vertigo or tinnitus. Pure tone audiometry was performed on all 29 patients in whom a ventilation tube was inserted, both before tube insertion and at review consultation (between one month and 12 months after tube insertion. There was no audiometric evidence of ototoxicity.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

The organic composition of earwax.

Earwax is a mixture of desquamated keratinocytes and hair combined with the secretions of both the ceruminous and the sebaceous glands of the external ear canal. This study analyzed earwax using the combination analytical technique of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major organic components of earwax identified were long chain fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, alcohols, squalene and cholesterol. This study demonstrated that it is not currently possible to quantify statistically the substances which constitute earwax with accuracy. The presence of foreign substances within earwax was identified as a complicating factor in the analysis of earwax.

Cerumen↗
PubMed1991

Ossicular erosion by cholesteatoma: investigation by scanning electron microscopy utilizing a new preparation technique.

A new technique for removing the soft tissues from middle ear ossicles to prepare them for scanning electron microscopy is described. The technique involved use of a solution of hypochlorite. The bony surface of normal ossicles was studied as a control group after preparation by the technique and no morphological distortion was observed. Ossicles eroded by cholesteatoma were then studied, and we propose that the erosion occurs in three stages; pumicing, pitting and cavitating. The mucoperiosteum of normal ossicles and otosclerotic foci were also studied.

Cholesteatoma↗