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Biomedical subjects

M Hawthorne

Publications and source records attributed to M Hawthorne.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Fenestration and occlusion of posterior semicircular canal for patients with intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

A series of 15 patients with intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) who had fenestration and occlusion of the posterior semicircular canal (FOP) surgery commencing in December 1990 are reported. Follow-up was from 14 to 40 months. All patients reported a cure of their positional vertigo. No patient regretted having the surgery. All patients had a negative Dix-Hallpike test post-operatively and the test remained negative for the duration of follow-up. Eight patients had a mild high frequency sensorineural hearing (SNHL) loss post-operatively which had almost recovered six months later. No patient reported any change in their hearing following surgery. Of the 10 patients who did not have pre-operative tinnitus, six developed tinnitus but it was not considered significant by them. All patients developed mild unsteadiness following surgery which gradually improved with mobilization and physiotherapy if necessary. The operation preserves hearing, is technically straightforward, well-tolerated and effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pallister-Killian syndrome: an unusual presentation.

We present a nine-month-old baby, diagnosed as having Pallister-Killian syndrome, whose referral and investigation for possible hearing loss has led to this diagnosis. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the skin biopsy for the diagnosis of this underlying genetic abnormality.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1992

Parasitology: United Kingdom National Quality Assessment Scheme.

AIMS: To assess the results from parasitology laboratories taking part in a quality assessment scheme between 1986 and 1991; and to compare performance with repeat specimens. METHODS: Quality assessment of blood parasitology, including tissue parasites (n = 444; 358 UK, 86 overseas), and faecal parasitology, including extra-intestinal parasites (n = 205; 141 UK, 64 overseas), was performed. RESULTS: Overall, the standard of performance was poor. A questionnaire distributed to participants showed that a wide range of methods was used, some of which were considered inadequate to achieve reliable results. Teaching material was distributed to participants from time to time in an attempt to improve standards. CONCLUSIONS: Since the closure of the IMLS fellowship course in 1972, fewer opportunities for specialised training in parasitology are available: more training is needed. Poor performance in the detection of malarial parasites is mainly attributable to incorrect speciation, misidentification, and lack of equipment such as an eyepiece graticule.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of fenretinide in the mammary gland of breast cancer patients.

Fenretinide has been used orally as a chemopreventive retinoid in a trial for women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. The levels of fenretinide and its metabolites were measured in the breast tissue obtained at surgery from women in the trial. Fenretinide was concentrated by breast tissue. Two major metabolites were detected in the tissue extract, one co-eluting with N-(4-methoxyphenyl)retinamide (4-MPR), and the other, more polar, eluting at 17 min under the conditions used. This metabolite remains unidentified. Division of the breast tissue into epithelial cells and fat fractions revealed that fenretinide and the metabolite at the 17 min peak were concentrated in the epithelial cells, whereas 4-MPR was principally localised in the fat compartment. Thus fat may serve as a storage compartment for the retinoid.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

Hypopharyngeal inverted papilloma.

A case of inverted papilloma of the hypopharynx is described. Review of the literature failed to reveal any previous case reports of inverted papilloma of the hypopharynx.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mood disturbance in patients with recurrent ventricular dysrhythmia before insertion of implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships among personal factors (demographic variables and trait optimism); situational factors (ejection fraction, functional status, history of sudden cardiac arrest); coping and appraisal processes; and mood disturbance in patients hospitalized for recurrent ventricular dysrhythmia before the insertion of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). DESIGN: Descriptive and correlational. SETTING: Five community and tertiary care hospitals in the southeast and midwest. PATIENTS: Eighty-four men and 17 women (aged 24 through 79) scheduled to receive an initial implant of an ICD. VARIABLES AND MEASURES: Trait optimism measured by the Life Orientation Tool; coping measured by the Jalowiec Coping Scale; threat-and-challenge appraisal measured by the Meaning in Illness Questionnaire; functional status measured by the Heart Failure Functional Status Inventory; and total mood disturbance measured by the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that factors of age, sex, optimism, functional status, and history of sudden cardiac arrest accounted for 47% of the variance in the total mood disturbance score (F = 7.44, df = 11.68, p = 0.00) with female sex, and less trait optimism, higher threat appraisal, and more use of evasive coping behavior as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings can be used to identify patients with recurrent ventricular dysrhythmia who are potentially at risk for mood disturbance in the acute care setting before ICD insertion. Nursing interventions to address these factors can be developed and tested. Longitudinal studies on the response to ICDs should include assessment of preinsertion affective state.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors associated with outcomes 3 months after implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion.

BACKGROUND: Adjustment to living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a dynamic process that varies among individuals. The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of recovery and to examine the relationships among demographic and clinical factors, illness appraisal and coping behaviors, and outcomes of physical and emotional function in the early recovery period of the first 3 months after initial ICD insertion. METHODS: Data were collected in the acute care setting and again at 1 and 3 months after ICD insertion. Subjects were 213 patients (83% men), ages 24-85 (mean 59.6) years. Demographic and clinical variables representing personal and situational factors, illness appraisal, and coping variables were examined using hierarchical multiple-regression analyses to predict outcomes of mood disturbance and functional status. RESULTS: The data revealed that symptoms, illness appraisal, and coping behaviors significantly explained additional variance in both functional status and mood disturbance above that accounted for by the less modifiable demographic and clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms, illness appraisal, and coping behaviors were predictors of outcomes in ICD patients. These factors are modifiable aspects of the recovery process, and interventions aimed at symptom management, appraisal reframing, and coping training should be tested to improve mood and functional outcomes for ICD patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Structure-activity relationships of brassinin in preventing the development of carcinogen-induced mammary lesions in organ culture.

Brassinin, a phytoalexin, is found in Chinese cabbage. Previously, we showed that brassinin significantly inhibited dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary lesions in organ culture. Moreover, it was an effective inhibitor against two stage skin carcinogenesis. In the present study, we synthesized several analogs of brassinin and evaluated their effectiveness in the mouse mammary gland organ culture model. Results showed that cyclobrassinin, also a naturally occurring brassinin analog, was more effective than brassinin. Spirobrassinin and N-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobrassinin also significantly inhibited mammary lesion formation. However, none of the methyl substituted analogs were effective. The effects of brassinin may, in part, be mediated by induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes such as quinone reductase.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗