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Biomedical subjects

M Hellström

Publications and source records attributed to M Hellström.

102 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Virulence-associated traits in Escherichia coli causing first and recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection in children with or without vesicoureteral reflux.

Virulence-associated properties of 606 urinary isolates from 174 children with urinary tract infections were related to severity of infection and factors increasing host susceptibility, e.g., vesicoureteral reflux (grade II or higher) and P1 blood group phenotype. A high proportion of strains of Escherichia coli causing first or recurrent episodes of acute pyelonephritis in children without reflux expressed the previously noted high frequency of certain O antigens, resistance to serum killing, hemolysin production, and adhesive capacity. A significantly lower frequency of these traits and a higher frequency of non-E. coli were seen among isolates from children with pyelonephritis and reflux, cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Reflux was thus found to be a determinant of the level of infection and of the bacterial properties required to produce pyelonephritis. Efforts aimed at preventing or treating urinary tract infection by interfering with "virulent" bacteria may be of less value in patients with recurrent pyelonephritis and reflux, who are most likely to develop renal scars.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1983

Non-ionic contrast media in cardioangiography in infants. A comparison of iohexol and metrizamide.

Iohexol (300 mg I/ml) was compared with metrizamide (300 mg I/ml) in pediatric cardioangiography. Forty consecutive patients below one year of age were included in an open, randomized, comparative two-group investigation. Immediate extrasystoles occurred frequently at injections of contrast medium, but the frequency did not differ significantly between metrizamide and iohexol. Both contrast media caused only minor changes in heart rate. Iohexol caused a significantly larger increase in end diastolic pressure following injections in the left ventricle than did metrizamide. The pressure changes registered were, however, moderate in both contrast media groups and the difference between the two contrast media is probably of no clinical importance. A moderate plasma volume expansion was noted after injection of both contrast media. Metrizamide caused a slight increase of ASAT in the 10 min blood sample which differed significantly from that of iohexol, but no increase of enzyme activity was noted after 24 h and the change was considered to be of no clinical importance. Image quality was similar with both contrast media. Iohexol and metrizamide were well tolerated in pediatric cardioangiography.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1980

Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in children with renal damage associated with urinary tract infections.

Autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall (TH) protein were analyzed in sera from 116 patients with pyelonephritis. The increases in antibody levels were limited in 23 patients with radiological detected renal damage during 31 attacks of acute pyelonephritis. 8 children with abnormally low total and/or unilateral 51Cr EDTA clearance had significantly lower IgG antibody levels to TH protein, than 14 children with normal clearance rate. All 61 children with renal damage had significantly low IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels to TH protein 6 months after last infection as compared to the reference group. For IgG antibodies, the mean was well below -2 S.D. 12 children with increased serum creatinine had significantly lower IgG antibody levels than those with

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Metrizamide and metrizoate for cardioangiography in infants. Comparison of heart rate and arrhythmia.

The cardiotoxic effect of Isopaque Coronar (metrizoate 370 mg I/ml) and Amipaque (metrizamide 370 mg I/ml) was analysed in 52 infants weighing less than 5 kg. In each group of patients 37 injections of contrast medium were performed and the immediate side effects, extrasystoles and change in heart frequency, were recorded. Amipaque caused significantly less bradycardia and significantly fewer immediate extrasystoles than Isopaque Coronar. The results indicate a lower cardiotoxicity of Amipaque in cardioangiography in infants.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of Isopaque Coronar 370 and Amipaque in angiocardiography in infants.

Experimental studies and some clinical investigations have indicated that Amipaque (metrizamide) is less cardiotoxic than other contrast media in common use for angiocardiography. It, therefore, seemed motivated to find out whether these findings are valid in the high-risk group of neonates and small infants subjected to angiocardiography.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normal ureteral diameter in infancy and childhood.

Ureteral diameters were estimated on films from intravenous urography in 194 children (100 boys and 94 girls) aged 0-16 years. Children with signs of urinary tract infection, calculi, obstruction, duplication or malformation were excluded. Films obtained without abdominal compression were used for measurements, including only ureters visualized over 50 per cent of their lengths. A good correlation was demonstrated between ureteral diameter and age (r = 0.69) and between ureteral diameter and the length of a segment of the lumbar spine (r = 0.73). The widest part of the ureter was most often located just above the crossing of the iliac vessels. The right ureter was slightly wider than the left one. No difference between boys and girls was noted. The results are in good agreement with those of others obtained at autopsy. Bearing in mind the possible physiologic variations, it would seem that measuring the ureteral diameter can be of value for a more objective differentiation between dilated and non-dilated ureters.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ureteral diameter in low-risk vesicoureteral reflux in infancy and childhood.

In order to improve the accuracy of the grading of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), reference values for ureteral diameter at micturition cystourethrography (MCUG) were established in infants and children with low-risk VUR. Low-risk VUR was defined as VUR not associated with infection, obstruction, calculi, duplication, malformations (except for hypospadia) or neurogenic bladder disturbances. Forty-six children (age 1 day-14 years) were selected by examining the records of 12000 MCUG:s performed 1960-1983. Ureteral diameter was measured at the widest point of the ureter on the films from MCUG:s and urographies. Ureteral diameter was slightly larger at MCUG than at urography in the same individuals but the difference was not significant. The ureteral diameter at MCUG also correlated closely to normal values at urography in a previous study. It is proposed that the reference values obtained at MCUG in the present investigation can be used for the differentiation between dilatation and no dilatation in the grading of VUR.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vertebral ring apophysis injury in athletes. Is the etiology different in the thoracic and lumbar spine?

In a radiologic study of the thoracolumbar spine in 143 athletes aged 14 to 25 years and 30 male nonathletes aged 19 to 25 years, abnormalities of the vertebral ring apophyses were analyzed. Abnormalities affecting the anterior part of the vertebral ring apophysis occurred exclusively in athletes and they were most common in wrestlers and female gymnasts. Different types of abnormalities were found and the type of abnormality was related to the spinal level. We propose that this is related to trauma of various types. Excavation of the anterior part of the vertebra, probably from compression forces, was mainly found in the thoracic and thoracolumbar junction of the spine. Persisting or enlarged apophysis, probably caused by avulsion of the anterior part of the vertebral ring apophysis, was only found in the lumbar spine.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spondylolysis and the sacro-horizontal angle in athletes.

The frequency of spondylolysis and the relationship between spondylolysis and the sacro-horizontal angle in 143 athletes and 30 non-athletes is reported. Athletes had a larger sacro-horizontal angle than non-athletes. The sacro-horizontal angle was larger in athletes with spondylolysis as compared with those without. An increased incidence of spondylolysis with an increased angle was demonstrated. It is suggested that an increased sacro-horizontal angle may predispose to spondylolysis, especially in combination with the high mechanical loads sustained in certain sports.

Adolescent↗