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Biomedical subjects

M Hester

Publications and source records attributed to M Hester.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Association between eye dominance and training for rifle marksmanship: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: This pilot study was performed to determine the effect, if any, exerted by crossed dominance (contralateral hand and eye dominance) on the ability of novice riflemen to learn how to accurately shoot a rifle. METHODS: Sighting dominance was used to determine the dominant eye. Hand dominance was determined by the arm used to shoulder the rifle in the shooting position. Subjects were 308 military recruits at the Fort Benning Army Base in Columbus, Georgia, who had undergone basic training in rifle marksmanship. Qualification scores obtained at the base rifle range were used to measure the subjects' ability to learn marksmanship skills. RESULTS: The subjects with right-hand/right-eye and left-hand/left-eye (uncrossed) dominance had qualification scores that were significantly higher (p = .009) than the subjects with right hand/left-eye and left-hand/right-eye (crossed) dominance. A significantly higher percentage of subjects with uncrossed dominance achieved rifle qualification (86.1 percent) than subjects with crossed dominance (56.5 percent) (p = .000). CONCLUSIONS: The learning of rifle marksmanship is influenced by eye dominance. Individuals who shoot right handed and are left-eye dominant or who shoot left handed and are right-eye dominant do not learn marksmanship skills as readily as individuals who have matched eye and hand dominance. Since crossed hand and eye dominance can be easily determined, it should be possible to identify cross dominant individuals and provide them with special training so that they can perform at a higher level of skill.

Firearms↗
PubMed1990

Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species.

Detailed restriction analyses of many samples often require substantial amounts of time and effort for DNA extraction, restriction digests, Southern blotting, and hybridization. We describe a novel approach that uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid simplified restriction typing and mapping of DNA from many different isolates. DNA fragments up to 2 kilobase pairs in length were efficiently amplified from crude DNA samples of several pathogenic Cryptococcus species, including C. neoformans, C. albidus, C. laurentii, and C. uniguttulatus. Digestion and electrophoresis of the PCR products by using frequent-cutting restriction enzymes produced complex restriction phenotypes (fingerprints) that were often unique for each strain or species. We used the PCR to amplify and analyze restriction pattern variation within three major portions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats from these fungi. Detailed mapping of many restriction sites within the rDNA locus was determined by fingerprint analysis of progressively larger PCR fragments sharing a common primer site at one end. As judged by PCR fingerprints, the rDNA of 19 C. neoformans isolates showed no variation for four restriction enzymes that we surveyed. Other Cryptococcus spp. showed varying levels of restriction pattern variation within their rDNAs and were shown to be genetically distinct from C. neoformans. The PCR primers used in this study have also been successfully applied for amplification of rDNAs from other pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi, including Candida spp., and ought to have wide applicability for clinical detection and other studies.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1981

A phase II evaluation of a 3-drug combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil and of 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced bladder carcinoma or stage D prostatic carcinoma.

The Southeastern Cancer Study Group has evaluated 5-fluorouracil administered intravenously weekly at a dosage of 600 mg. per M.2 as a single agent, and the 3-drug combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the bladder and of the prostate previously untreated with cytotoxic chemotherapy in a prospectively randomized phase II study. In 4 of 18 patients with bladder carcinoma 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response, and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response in 3 of 21 patients. In patients with prostatic carcinoma 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response as measured by a 50 per cent decrease in prostatic acid phosphatase determined in a central reference laboratory in 3 of 25 patients and objective stability by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria in 14 of 29 patients. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response in 7 of 22 patients and objective stability in 20 of 29. Thus, 5-fluorouracil administered in an adequate weekly dosage is established as an effective single agent in some patients with stage D carcinoma of the bladder or prostate. However, there is no significant added benefit as measured by survival obtained for these patients by combining cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin with 5-fluorouracil.

Adenocarcinoma↗