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Biomedical subjects

M Hilali

Publications and source records attributed to M Hilali.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Hematological and biochemical changes in water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) infected with Trypanosoma evansi.

Four water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) were each inoculated intravenously with 10(6)T. evansi (camel isolate) and the fifth calf kept as non-infected control. The blood and sera of all calves were examined every 4 days during the first month post-inoculation (pi) and then once weekly until the end of the experiment (88 days pi). They were examined for hematological and biochemical changes, liver and kidney function tests. Hemoglobin concentration (Hb%), packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell count were significantly decreased. Total leucocytic count, lymphocytes and monocytes showed significant increase. Liver function tests revealed significant elevation in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH), globulin, total biliruben and indirect biliruben while alkaline phosphatase enzyme showed significant decrease. Kidney function tests revealed significant decrease of both creatinine and urea.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of the card agglutination test (CATT/T. evansi) for detection of Trypanosoma evansi infection in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt.

A card agglutination test (CATT/T. evansi) was evaluated for detection of antibodies against Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) in experimentally and naturally infected buffaloes. Four calves were inoculated with a strain of T. evansi isolated from a dromedary camel. Parasitological examination of the calves revealed trypanosomes in the blood from days 4 to 9 post-inoculation (PI). General emaciation appeared from day 26 PI and aggravated until the end of the experiment (day 88 PI). Antibodies against T. evansi were detectable from day 8 PI till the end of the experiment. Parasitological examination of 200 water buffalo blood samples obtained from slaughterhouses revealed negative results. Serological examination of these animals showed that 48 (24%) water buffaloes had anti-T. evansi antibodies.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2003

Isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from chickens and ducks from Egypt.

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the ground. In the present study, prevalence of T. gondii in 121 free range chickens (Gallus domesticus) and 19 ducks (Anas sp.) from a rural area surrounding Giza, Egypt was assessed. Blood, heart, and brain from each animal were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT), were found in 49 (40.4%) chickens in titers of 1:5 in 11, 1:10 in four, 1:20 in four, 1:40 in eight, 1:80 in 10, and 1:160 or more in 12 chickens. Antibodies were found in three ducks each with a titer of 1:80. Hearts and brains of seropositive (MAT > or = 1:5) chickens and ducks were bioassayed in mice. Additionally, hearts and brains of seronegative (MAT<1:5) animals were bioassayed in T. gondii-free cats. T. gondii was isolated from 19 of 49 seropositive chickens (one with a titer of 1:5, two with a titer of 1:20, one with a titer of 1:40, five with a titer of 1:80, three with a titer of 1:160, and seven with a titer of > or = 1:360). One cat fed tissues pooled from 15 seronegative chickens shed T. gondii oocysts, while two cats fed tissues of 34 seronegative chickens did not shed oocysts. T. gondii was isolated from one of the seropositive ducks by bioassay in mice. The two cats fed tissues from 16 seronegative ducks did not shed oocysts. Genotyping of 20 chicken isolates of T. gondii using the SAG 2 locus indicated that 17 isolates were type III and three were type II. The duck isolate of T. gondii was type III. The mice inoculated with tissue stages of all 21 isolates of T. gondii from chickens and ducks remained asymptomatic, indicating that phenotypically they were not type I because type I strains are lethal for mice. Infections with mixed genotypes were not found.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera from camels from Egypt.

Sera from camels from Egypt were examined by the direct agglutination tests incorporating mercaptoethanol for antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 6 of 161 camels in titers of 1:40 (2 camels) and 1:80, 1:160, 1:640, and 1:1280 in 1 camel each, using N. caninum formalin preserved whole tachyzoites as antigen. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 17.4% of 166 camels in titers of 1:25 (3 camels), 1:50 (18 camels). and > 1:500 (8 camels) using T. gondii tachyzoites. All 6 camels with N. caninum antibodies had no T. gondii antibodies in 1:4 dilution of serum, indicating specificity of the reaction. This is the first report of N. caninum prevalence in Egypt.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1998

Seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Egypt.

Sera from 75 water buffaloes from Egypt were examined using a direct agglutination test incorporating mercaptoethanol for antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 51 (68%) of 75 buffaloes in titres of 1:20 (six buffaloes), 1:40 (15 buffaloes), 1:160 (one buffalo), 1:320 (one buffalo) and > or = 1:640 (28 buffaloes), using N. caninum formalin-preserved whole tachyzoites as antigen. Antibodies to T. gondii were not found in a 1:100 dilution of serum of any of the 75 buffaloes, using T. gondii as antigen, indicating specificity in the detection of antibodies to N. caninum. This is the first report of N. caninum prevalence in water buffaloes, which are economically very important domestic animals in developing countries.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1996

Observations on the use of ELISA for detection of Babesia bigemina specific antibodies.

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated to study the cause of the high level of background reactions which hinders the application of ELISA as a field diagnostic test for Babesia bigemina. Different blockers to improve the specificity of the ELISA were compared. THe use of soya milk (25%), gelatin (2.5%) and chicken serum (2%) did not significantly improve the specificity of the test. It was noted that the presence of fibrinogen contributed to the positive ELISA results more than the presence of B. bigemina specific antigen. This conclusion was confirmed by testing bovine fibrinogen as a host protein antigen in ELISA which strongly responded against B. bigemina positive control sera. It is suggested that application of ELISA for B. bigemina is still unreliable until a more purified Babesia-specific antigen or specific monoclonal antibodies are available.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of Sarcocystis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

The oesophagus, diaphragm and heart of 103 camels slaughtered at Al-Ahsa abattoir were investigated for infection with sarcocysts. Sarcocystis cysts were found in 91 camels (88.35%): in the diaphragm of 79.6%, oesophagus of 72.8% and heart of 71.8%. Two morphologically distinct sarcocysts were found. Thin-walled cysts (141-400 x 70.5-188 microns) were in all the three indicator organs while the thick-walled cysts (170-194 x 117.5-188 microns) were only found in the oesophagus. Experimental feeding of four cats and two dogs with sarcocysts-infected meat showed that cats were refractory to the infection while dogs excreted Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts (10.7-14.3 x 8.3-10.7 microns mean, 13.2 +/- 0.32 x 9.4 +/- 0.20 microns) after a prepatent period of 9-10 days. It was concluded that dogs may be the final host of both types of sarcocysts or that one of these cysts develops in dogs while the other one uses other carnivores living in the desert as the final host.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Isolation of tissue cysts of Toxoplasma, Isospora, Hammondia and Sarcocystis from camel (Camelus dromedarius) meat in Saudi Arabia.

Meat samples were collected from the oesophagus and tongue of 38 camels slaughtered at the main abattoir of Al-Ahsa city, Saudi Arabia. Five cats and three dogs, conventionally reared and coccidia-free, were caged individually in steel cages. Camel meat was pooled, minced and fed to four cats and two dogs. One cat and one dog were not fed meat and were kept as noninfected controls. Faecal samples from infected and control animals were examined daily for a period of 2 months after feeding the meat. Three cats fed camel meat passed in their faeces oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii, Isospora felis and Isospora rivolta. The fourth cat passed only T. gondii and I. felis oocysts. One of the dogs fed camel meat passed oocysts of Isospora canis, Hammondia heydorni and Sarcocystis cameli sporocysts. The second dog excreted only S. cameli sporocysts.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence and monthly variations of the second and third instars of Cephalopina titillator (Diptera: Oestridae) infesting camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Nine hundred and twenty-three camels slaughtered at Al-Ahsa abattoir, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, were examined for infestation with second and third instars of Cephalopina titillator during the period from December 1991 to November 1992. Four hundred and eighty camels (52%) were infested with second and third instars, with an annual mean of 19.29 +/- 1.09 larvae per camel (L/C). The percentage of infested camels and the mean monthly total number of larvae per camel showed two peaks of abundance, during February (96.06% and 25.06 +/- 2.1 L/C) and September (88.90% and 27.50 +/- 3.97 L/C). Variations in the percentage of infestation were inversely correlated with monthly average temperature and positively correlated with relative humidity. Mean numbers of third instars were significantly greater than those of the second instars during each month of the study period. Two peaks of abundance were observed for each of the second (February and September) and third instars (January and October). Infestation levels showed that the percentages of camels infested with 1-10, 11-20 and 21-30 larvae were 47.90%, 19.16% and 12.71%, respectively. Fewer camels were infested with 31-40 (6.25%), 41-50 (4.37%), 51-60 (3.54%) and 61-70 (2.08%). The greatest number of larvae (101-110) was observed in only three camels (0.62%). It is concluded that adult flies appear twice a year, during the period from late March to early May and in December. Twice-annual larvicidal treatment of camels during February and September is recommended to eliminate most of the larvae infesting camels.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Camel (Camelus dromedarius) and sheep (Ovis aries) meat as a source of dog infection with some coccidian parasites.

Experimental infection of dogs with camel (Camelus dromedarius) meat resulted in infection of the dogs with Isospora canis, Hammondia heydorni and Sarcocystis cameli. The dogs fed sheep (Ovis aries) meat passed oocysts of Isospora canis, Isospora ohioensis and sporocyts of Sarcocystis spp. Extraintestinal stages were detected in the intestinal lymph node of a rabbit killed 4 days following inoculation with Isospora ohioensis oocysts. Dogs fed the rabbit (killed 4 days after inoculation with I. ohioensis) passed I. ohioensis oocysts in their faeces 8 days post-infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cryptosporidiosis among children suffering from diarrhea in Benha, Egypt.

213 infant and child attending Pediatric clinic of Benha University Hospital suffering from diarrhea; were studied for the presence of cryptosporidial infection. Modified Ziehl Neelsen method was used for staining of smears and for confirmation of positive cases safranin-methylene blue method was also used Cryptosporidial oocysts were seen in the faeces of seven patients (3.2%). The results were discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructure of Sarcocystis spp. from donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt.

The fine structure of Sarcocystis spp. from donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt is described. Sarcocysts were found in the oesophagus, diaphragm and heart of 18 of 20 donkeys. Only one type of mature muscle cyst was found. Sarcocysts were 120-410.6 X 48.4-50.2 microns. The primary cyst wall had numerous 3.3-3.7 microns villi. Each villus contained 20-60 fibrillar elements which extended from the ends and sides of the villi throughout the ground substance, where they became tightly packed. The bundles of fibrillar elements formed junctions with the pellicles of the metrocytes. Ultrastructurally, Sarcocystis spp. of the donkey was similar to sarcocysts previously described from the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Incidence and monthly prevalence of Gasterophilus spp. larvae (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) in the stomach of donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt.

The stomachs of 118 donkeys were examined at postmortem during the period from March 1982 to February 1983 for Gasterophilus spp. larvae. G. intestinalis larvae clustered in groups near the boundary of the glandular and non-glandular epithelium of the stomach and infested 98.3% of the donkeys with highest numbers in July and lowest numbers in October. G. nasalis larvae were mainly attached near the pylorus and first part of the duodenum and infested 87.3% of donkeys with highest incidence in December and lowest in October. The ratio of the second and third instars of G. intestinalis to G. nasalis ranged from 71% to 29%. The percentage of donkeys infested with 1-100, 101-200 and 201-300 larvae was 72.0, 18.6 and 4.3% for G. intestinalis and 76.3, 8.5 and 0.8% for G. nasalis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Serological responses in Sarcocystis cruzi infected calves challenged with Toxoplasma gondii.

Three four-week-old calves were used in a study on serological responses in combined Sarcocystis cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii infections. One calf (C1) was inoculated orally with 100,000 S cruzi sporocysts, another (C2) with 40,000 sporocysts, while the third (C3) acted as uninfected control. One hundred and five days later, all three calves were inoculated orally with 100,000 T gondii oocysts. The antibody responses to sarcocystis and toxoplasma during 210 days were recorded, using different serological assays. During the S cruzi monoinfection phase, positive antibody reactions were recorded in C1 and C2, using an ELISA with soluble (cytoplasmic) T gondii tachyzoite antigen, while antibody reactions remained negative in the toxoplasma indirect fluorescent antibody test and in an ELISA employing T gondii tachyzoite cell membrane antigen. However, the Sabin Feldman dye test also showed transient low positive titres for C1 and C2 at around day 39 after S cruzi inoculation. When using an ELISA employing soluble S fusiformis cystozoite antigen, increased sarcocystis antibody counts were recorded for C1 and C2 starting two weeks after T gondii inoculation. Otherwise the three calves reacted as expected regarding the general antibody responses to the S cruzi and T gondii infections.

Animals↗