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Biomedical subjects

M Hjelm

Publications and source records attributed to M Hjelm.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The role of the laboratory in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

Laboratory investigations used for detecting cystic fibrosis have been critically reviewed. The sweat test is still the only investigation that can be used for detecting the disease at any age. Trypsin in blood or serum might have the same discriminatory power during the first three months of life and could be used for neonatal screening. There is no immediate prospect for prenatal diagnosis or heterozygote detection. The change of the pattern of plasma proteins in cystic fibrosis is the same as in other chronic disorders with varying clinical intensity. Albumin and alpha-1-antitrypsin may be used to monitor treatment. The plasma concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin is considerably decreased in many younger patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Concentration of adenine nucleotides and glycolytic intermediates in erythrocytes, liver and muscle tissue in rats after thermal injury.

A 40% total body scald burn was produced in mature rats. An immediate decrease of the metabolic rate was followed by a hypermetabolic response similar to that described in human beings following thermal injury. The amounts of adenine nucleotides and hexosemonophosphates were monitored in three types of cells: erythrocytes (which lack mitochondria), skeletal muscle cells (which to a certain extent can rely on an increased glycolysis for their increased energy supply) and liver cells (which are sensitive to hypoxia and have a great need of energy in the post-traumatic period). Only in the liver did the energy charge derived from the individual concentrations of adenine nucleotides change significantly, but remained virtually constant in muscle cells and erythrocytes despite a change in total oxygen consumption, from minus 85% (in the early phase) to plus 30% (in the later phase) of the expected value. Altered energy metabolism in liver and muscle tissues is related to wound healing, whereas the biochemical changes in erythrocytes is related to the degree of haemolysis of younger cells induced by the thermal injury.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1983

Haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy: a new syndrome with a high mortality in young children.

In the past year, ten infants have been admitted to hospital with a new or previously unrecognised disorder, characterised by an acute onset of encephalopathy, fever, shock, watery diarrhoea, severe disseminated intravascular coagulation, and renal and hepatic dysfunction. Seven of the infants died. No specific causative agent has been identified, but preliminary studies suggest that the pathophysiology of the disease may involve release of proteolytic enzymes (such as trypsin) into the circulation, with destruction of the microcirculation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

The amount of adenine nucleotides and glycolytic intermediates in erythrocytes, liver and muscle tissue correlated with the body weight (age) in Wistar rats.

The concentrations of adenine nucleotides in the liver and skeletal muscle increased during the maturation period (during the first 100 days of life) and remained fairly constant in adult rats. The concentration of adenine nucleotides in erythrocytes decreased with age. The concentrations of hexose monophosphates increased with age in liver and muscle tissue and decreased with age in erythrocytes. The observed changes of metabolites in the different tissues with increasing age of rats could not be explained by a changed water content.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1980

A phosphoglycerate kinase variant, PGK Uppsala, associated with hemolytic anemia.

An X-linked PGK deficiency is known to be associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and mental disorders in man. The glycolytic intermediates and red cell enzymes of a Swedish male subject with these genetic abnormalities were examined. The PGK activity of red blood cells from the subject was about 10% of normal, although the activities of other red cell enzymes were normal or above normal. Significant accumulation of 2,3-DPG and 2-phosphoglycerate in the subject's red cells was observed. The PGK from the subject was associated with lower affinity to both ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate and with an increased rate of degradation in red cells and also in vitro. The immunological neutralization test suggested that the specific enzyme activity of the variant enzyme was significantly lower than normal. The variant enzyme moved faster than the normal toward the anode in starch-gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that the variant is a result of structural mutation, and it is designated PGK Uppsala.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic↗
PubMed1978

Characterization of increased synthesis of acute phase proteins from plasma concentration measurements: a system analysis of the ideal situation with use of computer simulation.

A method for characterizing the secretion of acute phase proteins in vivo from serial plasma concentration measurements is presented. By using a simple two-compartment model it was found that descriptive parameters could be derived from the time course of the increased plasma concentration of the protein. It was assumed that the secretion of an acute phase protein is adequately described by: (i) the start time t1; (ii) the end time t2; (iii) the magnitude of increased flux of the protein from synthetic sites to the extracellular space, described by a turnover index, S. The influence of sampling interval and analytical precision on the reliability of the estimated parameter values was investigated in the ideal situation by using computer simulation. It was found that informative estimates of the secretion rate of an acute phase protein could be obtained provided a fairly high analytical precision with a coefficient of variation less than or equal to 0.01 and using a sampling interval between 0.5--2 h.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1978

Drug interference in clinical chemistry: studies on ascorbic acid.

The expert group "Drug Interference in Clinical Chemistry" of the Bureau of Reference, Directorate General for Research, Science and Education of the Commission of the European Communities, consisting of one participant of each member of the European Communities, presents this first report on the final results of its activities. Within the framework of a first stage basic program, the paper describes interferences of therapeutic and elevated doses of ascorbic acid on commonly used clinical chemical methods. This is the result of a bipartite study that was jointly planned, carried out and evaluated. Local and personal influences have been eliminated, as have variations due to methodology, measurement equipment and reagents, in order to be able to present distinct causal effects of ascorbic acid. No definite influence of ascorbic acid on analytical values for urea, cholesterol, calcium, protein, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase could be detected. At therapeutic concentrations, ascorbic acid distinctly interferes with the analysis of glucose, uric acid, creatinine and inorganic phosphate. The extent and direction of interferences vary, depending on the type of reaction, kit and apparatus. In some cases the influence of ascorbic acid results in severe disturbance of the analytical methods leading to useless values.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1977

The heart production in energy-depleted human erythrocytes induced by glucose, inosine and adenine.

The heat production (HP) of glucose deprived human red blood cells was measured, using glucose, adenine and inosine as substrates. Inosine induced a significantly higher HP than glucose and adenine induced no significant HP. At low pH the HP of glucose decreased more than that of inosine, corresponding to an equally lowered lactate production. The results indicate that it should be possible to use the system developed to study the functional state both of the complete glycolytic system and the lower part of it in intact red blood cells during various clinical conditions.

Adenine↗
PubMed1976

The content of erythrocyte 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and adenosine-5'-triphosphate in myelomatosis and leukaemia.

Ery-DPG and thus the oxygen-releasing capacity of haemoglobin increases in meylomatosis and in chronic myelocytic and lymphocytic leukaemia at decreased concentrations of haemoglobin, to the same extent as in other types of anaemia. Consequently the need for blood transfusions is less than assumed in these disorders. Ery-ATP is considerably increased in chronic myelocytic leukaemia, the values correlating positively with the 'activity' of the disease. This finding can probably be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗