A germline mutation in KIT in familial diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis.
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Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4↗
Biomedical subjects
M Hodgins
Publications and source records attributed to M Hodgins.
Critical care nurses' perceptions of DNR status.
PURPOSE: To describe the perceptions of nurses regarding do-not-resuscitate (DNR) decisions in critical care settings. DESIGN: A survey assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning DNR status was distributed to all critical care nurses who were registered with the provincial licensing body in Alberta, Canada, and held positions of staff nurse, educator, or manager. METHODS: Four hundred and five surveys were completed and returned. Descriptive analyses were conducted. FINDINGS: The term "DNR" was found to be ambiguous. The rationale for DNR orders were also not well articulated in practice. Although nurses believed that patients, families, and nurses should participate in DNR decisions, physicians were most often cited as being responsible for the decision. CONCLUSIONS: Documentation of a comprehensive patient treatment plan and awareness of the rationale for DNR designation are strategies suggested to help achieve desire patient care goals in critical care settings.
Adult↗
Genetics of psoriasis: paternal inheritance and a locus on chromosome 6p.
The pathogenesis of psoriasis is not fully understood, but population and twin studies suggest a large heritable component to the etiology. Several large population studies have also suggested a parental sex effect. Since 1994, three main genetic loci (on chromosomes 17q, 4q, and 6p) have been reported in genome scans. With a view to elucidating the genetic basis of psoriasis, we have carried out linkage analysis in a large number of families with well-characterized psoriasis. From a cohort of 1250 probands with psoriasis, 395 individuals (301 affected, 94 unaffected) in 103 families were recruited. Each subject was carefully examined by an experienced dermatologist and stringent diagnostic criteria applied. Genotypes were generated at 11 polymorphic loci on chromosomes 17q, 4q, and 6p and the results were analyzed parametrically and nonparametrically. In the population from which the probands were drawn, there was evidence of a parental sex effect, more probands having an affected father than an affected mother. Genetic anticipation was also apparent and most marked if the disease was inherited from the father. The loci on chromosomes 17 and 4 were not replicated but there was strong evidence for linkage to chromosome 6p (maximum two point LOD score 4.63 at D6S291). The evidence for linkage in sibling pair analysis was greatest when the allele was of paternal origin and was most significant in those families without psoriatic arthritis. These studies confirm the presence of a susceptibility gene on chromosome 6p. The available evidence suggests that a different genetic susceptibility may underlie psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
Age of Onset↗
Determinants of success and failure of EMLA.
Although EMLA is known to be an effective topical anesthetic, its rate of success is unknown. Indeed, researchers have suggested that EMLA may fail with young and apprehensive children. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess EMLA's rate of success as well as factors which predict success. A double-blind, placebo-controlled design was utilized. The sample included 258 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years who were having venipuncture or intravenous (i.v.) cannulation. After having their anxiety assessed, subjects were randomly assigned to have EMLA or placebo applied over the procedure site for 90 min. The visual analogue scale was used to assess pain caused by removal of the semi-permeable dressing and by the procedure. Other information that was collected included: duration of drug application, interval between drug removal and procedure, skin changes at bandage and drug sites and rated difficulty of the procedure. EMLA was successful 84% of the time for venipuncture and 51% of the time for i.v. cannulation. Factors which predicted success of EMLA included type of procedure, duration of drug application and anxiety. EMLA was less successful for i.v. cannulation compared to venipuncture even with duration of drug application controlled. Those who had a poor outcome were more anxious than those with a good outcome. Age of child was not a factor. Strategies for improving efficient use of EMLA were recommended.
Administration, Topical↗
Children's pain predictions and memories.
A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized to explore expected, experienced and recalled pain, and anxiety. Subjects were 138 children (5-17 yr) who were attending an outpatient laboratory for venipuncture. They reported state anxiety and expected visual analogue scale pain prior to having venipuncture. Following venipuncture, they reported sensory and affective pain. Two months afterward, subjects were contacted and asked to recall sensory and affective pain from the venipuncture. Analysis of data determined that children's recall of pain was quite good although better for affective pain than sensory pain. Prediction accuracy for pain was not good. From analysis it was determined that overestimation of pain was related to anxiety but not to greater experienced pain. Four patterns of responses were identified when prediction and recall accuracy were further examined. These patterns were designated as realism, irrelevance, over-reaction and denial. It was suggested that these patterns of response may provide clues about avoidance and coping behavior for children's pain. In general, the results of this study did not support previous research. It was demonstrated that various statistical techniques which have been employed in research on this topic have influenced the interpretation of pain prediction and recall data.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of videodisc modules: a mixed method approach.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the design and implementation of 10 neuropathology interactive videodisc instructional (IVI) modules used by Michigan State University medical students in the College of Osteopathic Medicine and the College of Human Medicine. The evaluation strategy incorporated a mixed method approach using qualitative and quantitative data to examine levels of student acceptance for the modules; ways in which IVI modules accommodate different learner styles; and to what extent the modules facilitate the attainment of higher level learning objectives. Students rated the units highly for learning effectiveness; many students reported group interaction as beneficial; and students expressed a desire for more IVI in the curriculum. The paper concludes with recommendations for future use of interactive videodisc technology in the teaching/learning process.
Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
Use of interactive videodisc for teaching of pathology laboratory cases.
Images from a generic videodisc called the 'Slice of Life' were utilized to develop computer-assisted interactive videodisc instruction (IVI) units for supplemental independent review of the laboratory cases studied in the general pathology course for year 1 medical students. Four units based on laboratory cases (two on 'inflammation' and two on 'neoplasia') were developed for a dual-screen Macintosh system. With this dual-screen system, specific picture frames from the videodisc could be retrieved on one screen while the other screen displayed the corresponding text. Each unit contained a number of case studies, each of which consisted of a clinical profile, gross picture and description of the tissue removed, sequential photomicrographs at successively higher magnifications from various fields of slides and their descriptions, comparison with the normal histology of the organ involved, interpretation of the observations and comments, final diagnosis, and a quiz at the end. Histopathological features were specifically emphasized. Evaluation of the units obtained from three consecutive classes of students indicated that these units were received as valuable supplemental tools for independent review of the laboratory cases.
Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
Morphology, distribution, and density of sensory receptors in the glabrous skin of the cat rhinarium.
The sensory organization of the cat rhinarium has been investigated. Individual rete pegs were found to contain a triad of receptors comprising free nerve endings ascending in the peg to terminate in close proximity to the skin surface, a basally situated layer of Merkel corpuscles, and an abundance of encapsulated receptors lying at the base and to one side of the rete peg. Neither the Merkel corpuscles nor the encapsulated receptors were evenly distributed. Merkel corpuscles were more abundant dorsally; ventrally they were fewer and asymmetrically arranged within individual rete pegs. The encapsulated corpuscles were more evenly distributed, but dorsally they were consistently present as encapsulated clusters of up to nine corpuscles.
Animals↗
Feasibility of a men's health promotion programme in Irish primary care.
BACKGROUND: To assess the feasibility of offering health promotion and preventive medicine initiatives in primary care. AIMS: A pilot study aimed at men in general practice to establish the uptake, acceptability and effectiveness of interventions in health initiatives. METHODS: One thousand men aged 18-65 were selected at random from five general practices in the Western Health Board area. Practices were randomly allocated to one of four brief interventions: cardiovascular screening, cancer screening, stress management or general lifestyle advice. RESULTS: Fifty-five per cent of men responded, with 35.7% actually attending. There were minor but significant short-term changes in health status and behaviours. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction, but tended to prefer interventions with an explicit clinical component. CONCLUSION: It is at least as feasible to offer health promotion for men in primary care as it is for other demographic groups, but adequate training and resources are required.
Adult↗
Evaluation of a new topical anesthetic agent: a pilot study.
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Administration, Cutaneous↗