[Hypoxemia-induced symptomatology of sleep apnea].
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Blood Pressure↗
Biomedical subjects
M Hoefer
Publications and source records attributed to M Hoefer.
[Diagnostic value of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with indium-111 pentetreotide in small-cell bronchial carcinoma].
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells may express somatostatin receptors [14]. Receptor-positive tissue can be visualised in vivo by scintigraphy with radiolabelled somatostatin analogues. In a prospective study we examined 18 patients with histologically proven SCLC for the diagnostic value of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using indium-111 pentetreotide. Planar whole body scanning was performed 4 and 24 hours after administration. Additional SPECT imaging of the thorax and the abdomen was done at 24 hours. The results were compared with conventional staging procedures: ultrasound, x-ray, computed tomography and bone scintigraphy. In all 18 patients the primary tumour was correctly identified. Out of 13 patients with mediastinal lymphoma formation 10 patients showed positive SRS. In 2 more patients SRS showed mediastinal uptake while CT scanning was negative. The detection of distant metastases in patients with extensive disease was true positive in 8 cases (OSS, HEP, BRA), false negative in 4 cases (PLE, ADR, HEP), corresponding to a sensitivity of 67%. In 2 patients cerebral metastases were no longer detectable by SRS after previous local irradiation. Even though the method is limited in respect of revealing distant metastases in the upper abdominal area due to physiological uptake in liver, spleen and kidneys, differentiation between limited disease (LD) and extensive disease (ED) was possible in all cases. We conclude that [111In]pentetreotide scintigraphy is a suitable method for the detection of SCLC primary tumours and a substantial tool for differentiation between LD and ED if combined with ultrasonography of the upper abdomen.
Adult↗
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis as a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension.
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH), first described by Wagenvoort et al. in 1978, is a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension which occurs predominantly in young adults. In the literature only 18 cases have been reported. In 1988 Langleben et al. proposed a hereditary form of PCH with probable autosomal-recessive transmission. Histologic findings include irregular small nodular foci of thin-walled capillary-sized vessels which diffusely invade the lung parenchyma, the bronchial/bronchiolar walls and the adventitia of large vessels. We report on a case of PCH in a 24 year old man who presented the clinical signs of interstitial lung disease.
Adult↗
Anti-(transforming growth factor beta) antibodies with predefined specificity inhibit metastasis of highly tumorigenic human xenotransplants in nu/nu mice.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were prepared against conjugated transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) peptides: amino acid positions 48-60 and positions 86-101. Two antibodies, mAb 16-3G1 [anti-(48-60)] and mAb 5-2G6 [anti-(86-101)] cross-reacted with native TGF beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3 (16-3G1) or only with native TGF beta 1 (5-2G6). Both mAb were used to characterize TGF beta-mediated effects on the metastatic potential in nude mice of human carcinoma cell line SLU-1 and its metastatic subline SLU-M1. Autocrine TGF beta 1-mediated up-regulation of cell proliferation and its suppression by anti-TGF beta antibodies in vitro was recorded for SLU-M1 cells whereas SLU-1 cell proliferation in vitro appeared to be refractory to anti-TGF beta antibodies and exogenous TGF-beta 1. However, the potential of s.c. tumours to develop distant metastases in nude mice was about the same for both cell lines. Development of primary tumours and distant metastases could be suppressed by treatment of mice with anti-TGF beta antibodies. Thus we assume that the metastatic potential of tumour cells is independent of TGF beta-mediated growth-regulation effects in vitro. The anti-TGF beta-induced suppression of tumour progression and metastasis in nude mice might rather result from stimulation of the immune surveillance. TGF beta-mediated autocrine down-regulation of MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity of activated human monocytes and CD56+ LAK cells and its reversion by anti-TGF beta antibodies could be readily demonstrated. In all our experimental series, the neutralizing potential of both anti-TGF beta antibodies, though directed against opposite sites of the TGF beta 1 molecule, was very similar.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Erythropoiesis in CML--immunomorphometric quantification, PCNA-reactivity, and influence on survival.
An immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis was performed on trephine biopsy specimens in 60 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to quantify erythropoiesis and its proliferation capacity and to assess the stainable marrow iron (hemosiderin). For this purpose, an elaborate double-immunostaining technique was applied. This included a monoclonal antibody (PC10) that is directed against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), followed by an antibody against glycophorin C (Ret40f), to identify all nucleated erythroid precursor cells. Additionally, morphometric data were derived from immunostaining of megakaryocytes (CD61) and macrophages (PG-M1), including its hemosiderin-laden subpopulation. Finally the determination of argyrophilic (reticulin) fiber density was carried out. In comparison with a control group (15 patients) without any hematologic disorder, in CML patients morphometric evaluation showed a significant reduction in the number of erythroblasts and normoblasts. This feature was associated with a PCNA-labeling index within the normal range and a decreased stainable marrow iron (number of hemosiderin-storaging macrophages). Several parameters were established to exert a predictive value on survival. A worsening of prognosis was associated with a decrease in the number of erythroid precursors (< 460/mm2), a low hemoglobin level (< 10 g/dl), a high megakaryocyte count (> 50 cells/mm2), an increased density of reticulin fibers (> 30 i x 10(2)/mm2) and splenomegaly (> 15 cm below costal margin). Our findings are in keeping with results obtained from in vitro studies of cell proliferation in CML, which is not significantly altered in comparison with the normal bone marrow. Finally, the present data, although derived from a small group of patients, emphasize the impact of histologic variables to be included in one of the major clinical trials on prognosis in CML.
Bone Marrow↗
Purification and partial characterization of ubiquitin-activating enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Ubiquitin-activating enzyme was purified from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by covalent affinity chromatography on ubiquitin-Sepharose followed by HPLC anion-exchange chromatography. Enzyme activity was monitored by the ubiquitin-dependent ATP: 32PPi exchange assay. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 1.5 mumol 32PPi incorporated into ATP.min-1.mg-1 at 37 degrees C and pH 7.0 under standard conditions for substrate concentrations as described by Ciechanover et al. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2537-2542. The catalytic activity showed a maximum at pH 7.0. Its molecular weight both in non-denaturing and in SDS-gel electrophoresis was estimated to be 115 kDa, suggesting a monomeric form. The isoelectric point determined by gel electrofocusing was approximately 4.7. Two protein bands differing slightly in electrophoretic mobility could be distinguished when SDS gels were loaded with very small amounts of purified E1 and immunoblotted, the one with higher molecular weight being clearly predominant. The same two bands were also found in anti-E1 immunoblots of crude yeast lysates prepared under broad protease inhibition.
Blotting, Western↗
All about U.S. immigration statistics.
The quality of data collected by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) is assessed, with a focus on differences between U.S. and U.N. definitions of immigrants, emigrants, and refugees. The author suggests that "gaps in migration data collected for the U.S. limit their usefulness for studying international migration and estimating national population change. For example, no information is collected on emigration of legal permanent residents or U.S. citizens, nor is there any direct information on the immigration of U.S. citizens. Data collected on legal immigrants are based on a legal and administrative definition that often conflicts with the demographic definition of an immigrant."
Americas↗
The relation of body weight to length of stay and charges for hospital services for patients undergoing elective surgery: a study of two procedures.
We studied the relation of body weight to lengths of stay and total charges for all patients hospitalized at the Brigham and Women's Hospital for total knee replacement and total hip replacement during a 12-month period. Patients with moderate obesity (actual body weight 141-170 per cent of ideal) had lengths of stay and total charges similar to normal weight patients (body weight 100-110 per cent ideal). However, patients who were extremely overweight (body weight greater than or equal to 188 per cent ideal) had mean lengths of stay 35 per cent longer (28.9 days vs 21.5) and total charges 30 per cent higher ($25,692 vs $19,576) than patients with normal weight. Those who were extremely underweight (body weight less than or equal to 75 per cent ideal) had mean lengths of stay 40 per cent longer (30.1 days vs 21.5) and total charges 35 per cent higher ($26,447 vs $19,576).
Aged↗
Endoscopic therapy for patients with a post-operative biliary leak.
Twenty-three patients with a post-operative biliary leak were treated by various endoscopic methods and results were analyzed. Leaks occurred at the cystic duct in 13 patients, at the common duct in 6 patients, and at an anomalous branch of the right hepatic duct in 4 patients. Treatments included sphincterotomy alone (4 patients), stent alone (6 patients), sphincterotomy and stent (12 patients), and sphincterotomy and nasobiliary drainage catheter (1 patient). Five patients also had supplemental percutaneous catheter drainage of a biloma. All treatments were completed successfully in the absence of major morbidity, and permanent closure of the leak occurred in 100% of cases. Endoscopic therapy for patients with a post-operative biliary leak is safe and effective and should be recommended before surgical re-exploration.
Bile↗
Comparing benefits and risks of immunization.
BACKGROUND: This paper uses a straightforward method of quantifying the benefits and risks of immunization, illustrated by universal immunization programs in British Columbia against invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease (Hib), measles, rubella, and paralytic poliomyelitis. METHODS: Data were extracted from provincial communicable disease and vaccine adverse event surveillance systems. Average disease incidence was compared before and after implementing universal immunization programs. Estimates of prevented deaths and serious disease complications were calculated and compared with expected numbers of serious vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs). RESULTS: Average incidence of reported cases decreased 90 to 100% over a 5-year period after implementing universal programs. These benefits were sustained or strengthened over time. Rates of reported serious VAAEs were low. DISCUSSION: The remarkable success of immunization has created a paradox. Despite a low absolute risk of serious VAAEs, the relative risk of some VAAEs can exceed risk of disease in the province.
British Columbia↗