[Etiology and physiopathology of obesity: eating behaviors and their disorders].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Hongo
Publications and source records attributed to M Hongo.
Psychophysiological stress induces heat shock cognate protein (HSC) 70 mRNA in the cerebral cortex and stomach of rats.
Families of 70 kDa heat shock proteins have essential roles in cellular coping to noxious stimuli. However, their roles in psychophysiological stress have not been precisely clarified. We tested our hypothesis that heat shock cognate protein (HSC)70 messenger RNA would increase in stress-vulnerable organs under psychophysiological stress. In control rats, cerebral HSC70 mRNAs were constitutively expressed while gastric HSC70 mRNAs were scarcely identified. Restraint-water immersion stress significantly increased the level of cerebral HSC70 mRNAs for 6 h and 12 h. Stress for 6 h with recovery for 6 h induced more gastric HSC70 mRNA levels than that without recovery, while stress for 12 h expressed the highest gastric HSC70 mRNA levels. Hypothermia, induced by water immersion, excluded a possible role of hyperthermia in inducing HSC70 mRNA. Our results point to a crucial cytoprotective role for families of heat shock proteins in stress-vulnerable brain-gut link in mammals under psychophysiological stress.
Animals↗
Coronary microvascular response to intracoronary administration of nicorandil.
Nicorandil is an antianginal drug that causes potent coronary vasodilation of both epicardial and resistance vessels. To measure the dose-response kinetics of bolus injections of intracoronary nicorandil and to compare the vasodilatory response to nicorandil with that of intracoronary papaverine in humans, coronary blood flow velocity was measured in 30 patients using a 3Fr intravascular Doppler catheter. Continuous intravenous nitroglycerin 6 to 8 micrograms/min was infused to achieve maximal vasodilation of the epicardial vessels. Bolus doses of nicorandil dissolved in warmed saline solution were injected into the left (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg) and right (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5 mg) coronary arteries. Intracoronary nicorandil caused a dose-dependent increase in coronary flow velocity and a decrease in coronary vascular resistance. Maximal vasodilatory effects equivalent to those obtained with 12 +/- 2 mg of intracoronary papaverine were induced with nicorandil 1.5 mg in the left coronary artery, and effects similar to those of 10 +/- 2 mg of papaverine were produced with nicorandil 1.0 mg in the right coronary artery. The time from injection of nicorandil to the onset of maximal hyperemia and duration of hyperemia were significantly shorter after nicorandil than after papaverine in both coronary arteries. Each dose of nicorandil produced no clinical symptoms and fewer changes in systemic hemodynamics and electrocardiographic QT intervals than did papaverine. These results suggest that a bolus administration of intracoronary nicorandil can safely, quickly, and reliably induce maximal coronary hyperemia comparable to that achieved with intracoronary papaverine in humans.
Adult↗
Gastric myoelectrical activities in elderly human subjects--surface electrogastrographic observations.
To investigate the alteration of the gastric electrical activities by aging, we performed electrogastrography (EGG) on 13 asymptomatic young human subjects under 60 years old (the young group) and 12 subjects over 60 years (the elderly group). Surface EGG was recorded at fasting state for 30 minutes in each subject. We expressed the frequency distribution of surface EGG in each subject with the median value of frequency distribution (FMED) to represent the center of the electrical activities, and the interquartile range of frequency distribution (FIQR) as the indicator of regularity. FMED in the young group was 3.0: [2.9, 3.4] (median: [range]) cycles per minute (cpm), while it was 3.3: [3.0, 4.0] in the elderly group which showed statistically a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.01). FIQR in the young group was 0.5: [0.1, 1.8] and that in the elderly group was 0.55: [0.4, 1.7], which was not significantly different statistically. These data showed that aging increases the frequencies of the rhythm of surface EGG, without disturbing its regularity. This change may be a part of a spectrum of physiological changes accompanied with aging, and are unlikely to have clinico-pathological significance.
Adult↗
Clinical evaluation of lansoprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcers: initial healing and prevention of relapse. Tohoku Peptic Ulcer Study Group.
The clinical usefulness of lansoprazole in the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers, the S2-stage shift rate (white scarring rate), and endoscopic healing rate with respect to degree of gastric mucosal atrophy were investigated. The subjects were 50 gastric ulcer and 37 duodenal ulcer patients. The endoscopic healing rate in patients with gastric ulcers after initial treatment with lansoprazole was 92% after 8 weeks. The S2-shift rate was 38% after 8 weeks. The 8-week healing rate in patients without atrophy was 100% and with atrophy was 92%, although the difference was not statistically significant. The S2-shift rate in patients without atrophy was 42% and in patients with atrophy was slightly lower, at 37%, although the difference was not statistically significant. The endoscopic healing rate in patients with duodenal ulcers was 93% after 6 weeks, and the S2-shift rate was 59%. It is firmly established that atrophic gastric mucosa shows a reduction in mucosal defense factors. However, lansoprazole achieved good endoscopic healing rates and S2-shift rates even in patients with gastric ulcers with atrophic background mucosa.
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
Enhancement of growth of rabbit corneal endothelial cells by PDGF.
The effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on the growth of rabbit corneal endothelial cells and the expression of PDGF receptor mRNA in these cells were examined in the present study. When rabbit corneal endothelial cells were cultured in the presence of natural PDGF, recombinant PDGF-BB, and PDGF-AA for 1, 3, and 5 days, natural PDGF and recombinant PDGF-BB enhanced the growth of the endothelial cells, but PDGF-AA did not. This growth promotion was suppressed by anti-PDGF antibody. PDGF enhanced also the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the cells. When PDGF was combined with epidermal growth factor (EGF), the additive effect was recognized. The expression of the PDGF receptor mRNA was found in the endothelial cells by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. It was concluded from these results that PDGF enhanced the growth of the corneal endothelial cells and that the PDGF receptor mRNA was expressed in these cells. These results suggest that PDGF may regulate corneal endothelial cell growth.
Animals↗
Personality deviation and gastric motility in patients with functional dyspepsia.
We studied gastric motor functions by scintigraphic gastric emptying analysis and surface electrogastrography (EGG), and personality trait deviation in patients with functional dyspepsia. Delayed gastric emptying was observed in 17/35 patients and reduced normal EGG activity in 22/35 functional dyspepsia patients. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the gastric retention rate (at 150 min) and the duration of normal EGG waves. Abnormally high T scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test (70 or above) were found in 14/21 patients. Hypochondriasis (Hs) and conversion hysteria (Hy) were the most common abnormal findings. Ninety percent of functional dyspepsia patients (19/21) had either gastric dysmotility and/or psychological deviation. Although there was no significant correlation between gastric dysmotility and deviation in personality traits in functional dyspepsia patients, these data suggest that brain-gut interactions may play an important role in the symptoms of functional dyspepsia.
Adolescent↗
[Gastric emptying of radiopaque markers].
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Contrast Media↗
Expression of the linear DNA plasmid pRS64 in the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani.
The plant pathogenic isolate RI-64 of anastomosis group 4 of Rhizoctonia solani possesses three linear DNA plasmids (pRS64-1, -2, and -3). Unique poly(A)- RNA, 0.5 kb in length and hybridizable with the pRS64 DNAs was found in mycelial cells of the isolate RI-64. The overall homology at the nucleotide level between pRS64-1, -2, and -3, and the cDNA prepared from the poly(A)- RNA was 100%, 73%, and 84%, respectively. The open reading frames found in pRS64-1, -2, and -3 (ORF1-1, ORF2-1, and ORF3-1) are 68 amino acids long. The amino acids sequence showed no significant homology with known proteins. Extracts from Escherichia coli cells expressing ORF1-1 contain a specific protein of 7 kDa. Antisera raised against the ORF1-1 product obtained from E. coli cells cross-reacted with the specific proteins found in the mycelia. The results indicate that the DNA plasmids found in R. solani contain a sequence that encodes a specific protein which may be involved in determination of plant pathogenicity.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Effects of heart rate on phasic coronary blood flow pattern and flow reserve in patients with normal coronary arteries: a study with an intravascular Doppler catheter and spectral analysis.
To assess the effects of pacing-induced tachycardia on phasic coronary blood flow pattern and flow reserve of left anterior descending artery, we examined 16 patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries by using an intravascular Doppler catheter with spectral analysis of the velocity signal. The heart rate was increased from a mean of 68 +/- 11 beats/min during sinus rhythm to 100 beats/min and again to 120 beats/min. Cross-sectional area of the epicardial artery and resting systolic and diastolic coronary blood flows increased progressively, resulting in an elevation of total coronary flow from 142 +/- 54 ml/min during sinus rhythm to 190 +/- 66 ml/min at 100 beats/min (p < 0.05) and to 219 +/- 69 ml/min at 120 beats/min (p < 0.01). During maximal hyperemia with intracoronary injection of 10 to 12 mg of papaverine, there was an increase in the systolic coronary blood flow with a decrease in the diastolic flow, resulting in no significant change in the total flow. These alterations led to progressive reductions in coronary flow reserve from 3.9 +/- 0.7 during sinus rhythm to 2.9 +/- 0.9 at 100 beats/min (p < 0.01) and to 2.3 +/- 0.3 at 120 beats/min (p < 0.001). Thus careful consideration should be given to the effects of heart rate when phasic coronary blood flow pattern and flow reserve are assessed.
Adult↗
Comparison of patients with single, double and triple coronary arterial spasm.
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Acetylcholine↗
Body surface potential maps in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of body surface potential maps in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. The study population consisted of 30 patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy and 50 age-matched normal volunteers. The patients were classified into one of the following three stages: stage I, peripheral neuropathy limited to the lower limbs; stage II, neuropathy involving both the lower and upper limbs; and stage III, bedridden because of extensive progressive neuropathy. Electrodes for the body surface potential maps were placed at 87 points (59 anterior and 28 posterior) on the chest. To analyze these body surface electrocardiograms, isopotential maps, isochrone maps, and isointegral maps were used. The mean values of the positive potential were significantly lower in the advanced stage (1.9 +/- 0.2 mV in stage I, 1.0 +/- 0.2 mV in stage II, and 0.7 +/- 0.2 mV in stage III). Prolongation of ventricular activation time was observed on the anterior and lateral chest. The mean QRST isointegral maps of the patients in the advanced stage of cardiac amyloidosis showed a large negative area over the anterior and left lateral chest, the positive areas were small and their potentials were very low. In addition, 18 (60%) of the 30 patients had a multipolar pattern in the QRST isointegral maps. The changes of the body surface potential maps correlated with clinical staging and echocardiographic findings.
Adult↗
Diabetic gastropathy in patients with autonomic neuropathy.
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy causes abnormal gastric electrical activity which results in delayed gastric emptying or diabetic gastroparesis. Delayed gastric emptying causes unstable glucose control because of unpredictable emptying of food from the stomach. Prokinetics are effective in improvement of delayed gastric emptying, which leads to better glycemic control in diabetic patients. Through the mechanism of how prokinetics act on gastric electrical events, improvement of delayed gastric emptying in patients with autonomic neuropathy should be achieved not only for the relief of GI symptoms but also for stable glycemic control.
Autonomic Nervous System↗
Relation of phasic coronary flow velocity profile to clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of patients with aortic valve disease.
BACKGROUND: Our objective was to assess phasic coronary blood flow and velocity characteristics of the proximal portion of the left anterior descending artery and to evaluate their relation to the clinical and hemodynamic manifestations in patients with aortic valve disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined 26 patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR), 12 patients with predominant aortic stenosis (AS), and 11 control subjects using an intravascular Doppler catheter with spectral analysis. Angiographic assessment of AR identified 10 patients with mild regurgitation and 16 with severe regurgitation. The resting systolic coronary flow velocity-time integral (VTI) was significantly higher and the diastolic VTI was slightly but significantly higher in patients with severe regurgitation than in those with mild regurgitation (11.8 +/- 4.2 vs 4.1 +/- 1.1 cm, P < .001; 18.5 +/- 5.8 vs 13.2 +/- 3.2 cm, P < .05) and control subjects (4.0 +/- 1.0 cm, P < .001 and 13.3 +/- 3.6 cm, P < .05), respectively. Patients with AS had a slightly lower resting systolic VTI (3.8 +/- 1.4 cm) and a higher diastolic VTI (14.6 +/- 3.7 cm) than control subjects. Resting coronary blood flow was greater in patients with aortic valve disease than in control subjects. There was a significant correlation between the ratio of the resting systolic to diastolic VTI (S/D ratio) and the ratio of the aortic systolic to diastolic pressure (r = .75, P < .001) in patients with AR. The S/D ratio was inversely correlated with left ventricular systolic pressure (r = -.92, P < .001) and positively correlated with the ratio of the aortic systolic to diastolic pressure (r = .68, P < .05) in patients with AS. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that hemodynamic changes related to aortic valve disease contribute to alterations in the resting phasic coronary blood flow and velocity profiles observed in these patients.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
[A case report of acute mid-graft occlusion of the left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending artery after PTCA].
A 66 year-old woman underwent coronary artery bypass grafting for postinfarction angina. A left internal mammary artery graft was joined to the left anterior descending artery. Coronary and graft angiography revealed a 90% stenosis in the anastomotic site of the left internal mammary artery. During PTCA with a 2.0 mm balloon catheter, acute occlusion of the graft body occurred. Intragraft injection of isosorbide dinitrate failed to dilate the graft. Thus, careful consideration should be given to several complications such as acute occlusion of the graft when PTCA for anastomotic site of the graft is performed.
Acute Disease↗
Distribution of epidermal growth factor receptors in rabbit lens epithelial cells.
PURPOSE: This study examined the growth-promoting effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on rabbit lens epithelial cells and the distribution of EGF receptors in these cells. METHODS: Rabbit lens epithelial cells were cultured in TC-199 medium containing 0.5% fetal bovine serum and EGF for 1 to 5 days, and the growth-promoting effects of EGF were calculated with absorbance of methylene blue staining method. EGF receptors in the cells were analyzed by Scatchard plots using 125I-EGF in serum-free culture. RESULTS: EGF, which enhanced the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, was stimulatory at 0.1-100 ng/ml and maximal (328.2%) with 10 ng/ml on day 5. The cells had two different affinity receptors. The number and the dissociation constant of the low affinity receptors were 5.81 x 10(4)/cell and 1.488 nM, respectively, and those of the high affinity receptors were 1.53 x 10(4)/cell and 0.159 nM, respectively. CONCLUSION: EGF may contribute to the development of living lenses.
Animals↗
Effect of lansoprazole on intragastric pH. Comparison between morning and evening dosing.
Lansoprazole is a newly developed proton pump inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to determine whether morning or evening dosage gave better control of 24-hr intragastric pH. In this study, we examined the antisecretory effect of lansoprazole by repeated intragastric pH monitoring on four occasions in eight normal subjects and compared median 24-hr pH values and pH threshold time of pH greater than or equal to 4 between morning and evening dosing, following the administration of lansoprazole 30 mg once daily in either the morning or evening for seven days. Intragastric pH was monitored before and after seven days of treatment. Both morning and evening dosing caused a rise in the intragastric pH. Median pH for 24 hr was 4.3 and 1.6 with and without lansoprazole morning dosing and 4.6 and 2.1 for evening dosing, respectively. The pH threshold curve shifted to the right with lansoprazole treatment in either case. However, no differences were found between morning and evening dosing in terms of median 24-hr pH values or pH threshold time of pH greater than or equal to 4. These results indicate that lansoprazole can be given once daily in either the morning or evening because of its potent and long-lasting antisecretory activity.
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
QRST isointegral maps in patients with Romano-Ward syndrome.
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Electrocardiography↗