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Biomedical subjects

M Hynes

Publications and source records attributed to M Hynes.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

A comparison of clonidine with morphine for antinociceptive and antiwithdrawal actions.

Clonidine was found to possess dose-dependent analgesic and antiwithdrawal activity. In mice, clonidine prolonged the tail flick latency and inhibited phenylquinone-induced writhing. In rats, it inhibited tail withdrawal from hot water and a pain response to pressure application on an inflamed paw. The effective doses of clonidine were different in the different tests employed, but they were always smaller than those of morphine. Naloxone failed to antagonize the analgesic actions of clonidine but effectively antagonized those of morphine. Phenoxybenzamine also did not alter the inhibition of tail flick-induced by clonidine. Clonidine suppressed morphine withdrawal body shakes in a dose-dependent manner as does morphine. This action of clonidine was not reversed by naloxone. In usual laboratory tests, clonidine appears to be an effective analgesic which antagonizes signs of morphine withdrawal.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1948

Iron Metabolism.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Feasibility of population based screening in Ireland.

Population registers have formed the basis for computerised call/recall registers for screening programmes in many countries and have been important in achieving high uptakes in targeted populations. The absence of a population register for the ECCLES (European Campaign against Cancer, Localisation, Evaluation & Screening) Breast Screening Project necessitated the development of a special register of women in the target age group. The data sources used to build the project register were the Eastern Health Board and North Eastern Health Board General Medical Services database, Voluntary Health Insurance data and self-registration with the project. The register captured 86.3 per cent of the target population. A debate on the merits and difficulties associated with the setting up of a population register in Ireland is now timely.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of reminder letters on attendance for breast cancer screening.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this investigation was to analyse the response to second and third postal invitations from a group of patients previously invited for mammographic screening and to identify any demographic differences between responders and non-responders. SUBJECTS: The subjects were females aged 50-64 yr resident in 6 adjacent District Electoral Divisions (DEDs) in North Dublin where screening had not been carried out prior to the study. METHOD: Non-responders to an invitation for screening were re-invited by computer-generated letter to attend for screening 6 weeks after issue of the first invitation and a final invitation was issued at 12 weeks. Data sources used for the project register were the Eastern Health Board General Medical Services data base (GMS), Voluntary Health Insurance Board (VHI) data and self-registration. RESULTS: There were 1,310 females in the target age group who were eligible for screening. The response rate to the first invitation was 60.7 per cent. Issue of second invitation increased the response rate by 17.9 per cent. A third invitation increased the response rate by a further 7.6 per cent. Those with private medical insurance were more likely to respond to the first and third invitations. The was no difference in response rate to the second invitation for those with and without private insurance. Women aged 55-64 were more likely to respond to first, second or third invitations than those aged less than 55 yr. CONCLUSIONS: Issue of second mailed invitations to women in the target age for mammography screening is cost-effective and should be incorporated into routine policy. Response to third invitations is not cost-effective.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The provision of secondary cardiac prevention measures in a hospital cardiac clinic population and the relationship to psychological variables.

BACKGROUND: Implementing preventive measures in patients with established heart disease is one of the most effective health promotion activities, but there is little research on the relationship between cognition and secondary preventive behaviour. AIM: To determine the provision of secondary cardiac prevention measures among patients with established heart disease attending a cardiac outpatient clinic. METHODS: The study was conducted in an outpatient department over a 14-week period in 1999. Management of risk markers was noted from the medical records and lifestyle and psychological variables were self-reported. RESULTS: Of 294 patients with heart disease, 41% were available for study. Fourteen per cent were current smokers, one-quarter of males and one-third of females had a body mass index (BMI) greater that 30. Almost 90% attend their GP bimonthly, 67% had a normal systolic and 88.3% a normal diastolic pressure, 34% had normal cholesterol levels and 75% were on aspirin. Lifestyle variables were significantly affected by patient cardiac knowledge, sense of control over their heart disease and perceptions of their illness. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the potential health gain available to patients with established heart disease. The results also suggest that psychological factors may play a role in patients' health behaviours.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integrating reproductive health into emergency response assessments and primary health care.

War-affected populations often are displaced for years. When primary health care is focused on the acute conditions that often present in the emergency phase of a complex emergency, insufficient attention often is directed towards other evolving needs of the population. Their reproductive health, psychosocial health, and problems with chronic diseases may be overlooked even after the situation stabilizes. This article examines currently available resources for conducting rapid assessments of health needs and services during complex emergencies. Their respective strengths and weaknesses are discussed, particularly for assessing a population's reproductive health needs, and for fostering the integration of reproductive health and primary health-care services, and for designing health services delivery. When more specific indicators are included in a needs assessment tool, the likelihood that the assessment results will influence the design and scope of the health program is increased. Needs assessments for primary health care that incorporate reproductive health indicators will assist health officials to integrate these services, and thus, use staff and facilities more efficiently, and will highlight areas of opportunity for providing services.

Emergencies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Utilisation of hospital beds by the elderly--a cohort study of admissions to a teaching hospital.

The use of hospital beds by elderly patients admitted to a Dublin teaching hospital was examined. Using objective pre-determined criteria, each day of hospital stay was evaluated in terms of whether the services provided or the patient's condition justified hospitalisation on a particular day. For days where the criteria were not met, the principal causative factor was identified. Of a total of 2,724 days of care reviewed, 792 (29.1%) were considered inappropriate. Female sex, age over 75, single status, residence with another adult or visits by the public health nurse prior to admission, and entitlement to free medical care were associated with inappropriate days of care. Self-referral, admissions to medical wards, for observation, social or multiple reasons and an admission diagnosis of cerebro-vascular disease were also associated with hospital misutilisation. The probability of a day being judged inappropriate became more likely with increasing lengths of stay. Physician and hospital factors accounted for almost one-half rehabilitation services only accounted for a quarter and lack of availability of alternative care facilities accounted for 39.5% of inappropriate beddays identified. Recommendations are made on how to improve appropriateness of care for elderly patients in acute hospitals.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Illegal sales of cigarettes to children in north-east Dublin.

A study was conducted in defined areas of North East Dublin to document the percentage of retail outlets which sell cigarettes to children and which display notices indicating that cigarettes will not be sold to children. All retail outlets were identified and visited by one of 5 twelve year old boys who attempted to purchase cigarettes. 109 out of 134 ((81.3%) attempts were successful. In 29 (21.6%) attempts the boys were challenged by the vendor. However in 4 of these attempts the purchase succeeded. Warning notices were displayed in 8 premises. The conclusion of the study is that children can easily purchase cigarettes in North East Dublin. No prosecutions have ever been taken for illegal sales of cigarettes to children in Dublin. The law should be more vigorously implemented as part of an overall strategy to combat smoking among children.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of a smoking prevention programme with children from disadvantaged communities.

This study examined the effect of a novel smoking prevention programme on children in primary schools in disadvantaged areas. The programme included integration with other school subjects as well as parental involvement and visits by Health Board personnel. Compared to matched control groups the classes in which the programme was piloted, showed less positive attitudes towards smoking and greater awareness of the dangerous consequences of smoking. The results are considered in the context of the need for approaches to smoking prevention that include both education and the restriction of access.

Child↗