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Biomedical subjects

M I López

Publications and source records attributed to M I López.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Efficacy of topical cyclosporine-loaded nanocapsules on keratoplasty rejection in the rat.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation of nanocapsules loaded with 1% cyclosporine A (CsA), which has been previously demonstrated to enhance CsA corneal penetration, compared to 1% CsA in migliol oil on a penetrating keratoplasty rejection model in the rat. METHODS: Lewis rats received orthotopic corneal allografts from inbred Fisher donors. Rats were treated with 10 microliters of the following topical solutions four times daily for 30 days, starting one day before surgery: Group 1 (n = 9), 1% CsA-loaded nanocapsules; group 2 (n = 13), 1% CsA dissolved in migliol oil; group 3 (n = 12), migliol oil; group 4 (n = 13), no treatment. Rejection index, mean survival time and rejection percentage were calculated for each group, and CsA levels in blood were measured. RESULTS: The rejection percentage was 84.6% for group 2, 91.7% for group 3, and 100% for groups 1 and 4, with no significant differences among groups. Mean graft survival time was 7.3 days for group 1, 15.5 days for group 2, 8.36 days for group 3, and 7.69 days for group 4, with significant differences between group 2 and the other groups. Systemic CsA levels were only detectable in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: CsA formulated in migliol oil delayed corneal rejection onset, but blood levels were evident in this group. CsA loaded-nanocapsules showed no effect on rejection and the drug was not detectable in blood. These data, along with the current concepts on corneal graft rejection immunology, suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of topical CsA in the prevention of corneal graft rejection may be systemically-mediated.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vancomycin in normal and infected rabbit eyes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics governing the distribution and elimination of intravitreally injected vancomycin in normal and infected rabbit eyes. Two groups each of 36 pigmented animals were used. Group 1 served as control. In Group 2, experimental endophthalmitis was induced in the right vitreous by inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus. Once endophthalmitis developed, a vancomycin solution was injected. Four animals from each group were killed at nine time points post-injection, the vitreous and aqueous were removed, and blood samples were taken for HPLC analysis. Data analysis was performed using the RSTRIP program. The half-lives were 69 hours in normal vitreous and 14.53 hours in infected vitreous. Therapeutic drug levels were present in the vitreous 84 hours post-injection in all eyes; they were detected from 2 to 48 hours in normal aqueous but at lower levels in the infected ones. Kv and Ca/Cv ratios suggested that the primary route of elimination was across the retina and the anterior chamber in normal eyes, and via the retina in infected eyes. Results indicate that pharmacokinetic parameters change in pathological conditions, which may help establish better treatment guidelines for endophthalmitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical experience with an alpha glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose) in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Multicenter study].

BACKGROUND: Acarbose, an alpha glucosidase inhibitor is a drug used in the treatment of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, that interferes with the intestinal absorption of monosaccharides. AIM: To study the effect of acarbose in non insulin dependent diabetic patients that had an inadequate metabolic control with diet and sulphonylureas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Diabetic patients received acarbose, 150 mg/day during four weeks and this dose was increased to 300 mg/day during 3 months. Afterwards, patients were followed for a period of 12 weeks without acarbose. Fasting and post-prandial blood glucose and glycosilated hemoglobin were measured sequentially during the study. RESULTS: Eighty five patients were recruited for the study but 64 complied with the treatment protocol. The age of these patients was 56 +/- 8.8 years old, their diabetes duration was 7.8 +/- 8.8 years and their body mass index was 27.6 +/- 3.6 kg/m2. During acarbose treatment, glycosilated hemoglobin decreased from 8.36 +/- 1.33 to 7.71+ 1.7% (p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose decreased from 173 +/- 48 to 159 +/- 59 mg/dl (p < 0.03) and post-prandial blood glucose decreased from 254 +/- 80 to 241 +/- 80 mg/dl (NS). After discontinuing acarbose glycosilated hemoglobin and blood glucose levels returned to basal levels. Body weight and blood pressure did not change during the treatment period. Fifty nine patients had gastrointestinal symptoms (meteorism, flatulence and abdominal distention) that were mild in 59% and moderate in 39%. Episodes of hypoglycemia were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Acarbose, associated to sulphonylureas is an effective drug to reduce blood glucose and glycosilated hemoglobin levels in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1996

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of vancomycin in rabbit serum, vitreous and aqueous humour after intravitreal injection of the drug.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of vancomycin in rabbit serum, vitreous and aqueous humour has been developed. No clean-up step was necessary for vitreous and aqueous humour samples. For serum samples liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction were tested and the best results were achieved using C18 cartridges. The extracts were analyzed on a C18 reversed-phase column, using a mixture of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 4) with 10% of acetonitrile as mobile phase. The detection was carried out at 198 nm, which allows higher sensitivity. The average quantitation limit obtained was 0.03 micrograms/ml. The method has been applied to the study of the residual quantities of vancomycin in serum and rabbit eyes after intravitreal administration of the drug in endophthalmitis treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Fishes collected during the Victor Hensen Costa Rica expedition (1993/1994).

A list is presented of 242 species of fishes taken in the Golfo de Nicoya, Golfo Dulce and on the Pacific continental shelf of Costa Rica. The specimens were collected using dredges and bottom trawls during December 1993 and February 1994. The Golfo Dulce revealed the lowest diversity with only 75 species represented; 118 species were collected in the Golfo de Nicoya and 129 species in offshore waters. It is presumed that low fish diversity in Golfo Dulce is due to the deep, unproductive waters in that embayment. The checklist includes presence-absence data for each locality.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Babies of the earthquake: follow-up study of their first 15 months.

This report reviews the phenomenology related to the rescue and later development of the newborn babies buried in the rubble of several collapsed maternity hospitals in Mexico City during the earthquake of September 1985. We describe the rescue process as well as the impact of this process on the community. The rescued babies' development has been followed through the first 15 months of their lives and we describe our observations. We also review the implications of the emotional burdens that these babies may bear and the possible repercussions later in their development.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Incidence of circulating immune complexes in patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and in patients with streptococcal impetigo.

In an attempt to further study the possible contribution of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the pathogenesis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 61 patients with APSGN were studied during the first three weeks of the disease, and 13 patients with noncomplicated streptococcal impetigo as a control group. C1q solid phase ELISA and Conglutinin (K) solid phase ELISA were used to measure the levels of immune complexes. The incidence of CIC in a single serum sample from patients with APSGN was 48%. Elevated levels of immune complexes were found in 46% of the patients with streptococcal impetigo. The absolute levels of CIC were comparable in both groups of patients. No correlation was found among the presence of CIC and the clinical, immunoserological or pathological findings of the disease. Our results do not support the hypothesis that trapping of the circulating immune complexes play an important role on the renal injury poststreptococcal infection. Instead, we suggest that CIC are an epiphenomena present in APSGN, and may represent rather a systemic inflammatory immune response in patients with group A streptococcal infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

DNA distribution and intrachromosomal organization of moderately repetitive sequences.

The DNA content of individual subregions along the 4th chromosome of Drosophila hydei has been measured. 51% of the subregions have a DNA content averaging 0.7-0.8 pg; 31% a mean DNA content of 0.25-0.35 pg and 18% a mean DNA content of 1.7 pg. Moreover the structural chromosomal distribution of moderately repetitive DNA is not random since the specific activity of the chromosomal segments in terms of those sequences is not the same. 9% of the subregions are very poor in repetitive sequences and 18% rich in repetitive DNA while being very poor in DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Structural therapy. Global therapeutic model of the psychotic child].

The authors report the means to manage the psychotic child throughout the out patients consult approaching directly the modalities of interpersonal relationships between the child and his family. The therapeutic plan includes an educational and formative program designed especifically, taking into consideration the needs and potencialties of each child and acting psychotherapeutically through a modality of individual psycotherapy directed to estimulate the psychological functions which are responsible of the development of the mental autorepresentation (ego boundaries). The treatment program is an adaptation of the one utilized for the management of autistic children in an institution for psychotic children. The type of individual psychotherapy is a modification of Des Lauriers' therapy, developed by him for the management of schizophrenic adolescents and adapted by Ward in 1969 to be applied to the psychotic child in the mentioned institution. The authors present the application and obtained results with the use of this therapy in the treatment of a psychotic girl.

Age Factors↗