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Biomedical subjects

M Ide

Publications and source records attributed to M Ide.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Wheelchair marathon racing causes striated muscle distress in individuals with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of wheelchair marathon racing in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) on circulating muscle enzymes and myoglobin. SUBJECTS: Thirty-one men with SCI, including 25 wheelchair marathon athletes and 6 sedentary men. DESIGN: Serum myoglobin (Mb), creatine kinase (CK) activity, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in participants of the 1995 Oita International Wheelchair Marathon Race (42.195 km). Blood samples were obtained 24 hours before, immediately after, 24 hours after, and 7 days after the race. RESULTS: Marathon racing resulted in significant increases in serum Mb, total CK activity, and LDH (p<.01) after the race. The peak Mb and LDH levels occurred immediately after the race; total CK activity peaked 24 hours after the race. Evaluation of cardiac muscle enzymes showed no significant changes in two CK isoenzymes (CK-MM and CK-MB). CONCLUSIONS: Propulsion of the wheelchair in a marathon race induced muscle stress in athletes with SCI. Completion of the marathon race did not cause cardiac muscle damage, however. Elevated muscle enzyme levels likely resulted from muscle distress rather than from dehydration.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Elevation of serum hepatic aminotransferases during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with low-dose methotrexate. Risk factors and response to folic acid.

Sixty-six rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were analyzed retrospectively to assess the incidence and risk factors for elevation of serum hepatic aminotransferases during methotrexate (MTX) therapy. The effect of folate supplementation on serum ALT and RA activity was evaluated prospectively in 14 patients who showed a sustained high serum level of ALT. The frequency of elevation of serum AST or ALT was 4-5 times greater than in patients taking other DMARDs. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that elevation of ALT was independently associated with sex (female), obesity, baseline ALT, MTX dose, and gastrointestinal side effects. Folate supplementation caused ALT levels to decrease in all patients within 3 months. Eleven patients showed no change of RA activity, but 3 patients dropped out of the study because of the exacerbation of RA. These results suggest that careful monitoring of serum hepatic aminotransferases is necessary in patients with predisposing factors, especially those receiving more than 0.15 mg/kg of MTX weekly. Folate supplementation can reverse the sustained elevation of ALT, but might cause exacerbation of RA in some patients.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1999

A small breast cancer detected by PET.

A small breast cancer was detected by positron emission tomography (PET) in an asymptomatic individual. Physical examination, mammography and magnetic resonance imaging all failed to identify the tumor. Treatment was partial resection of the breast. Based on the resected specimen, the tumor was 6 mm in diameter. Although previous studies have shown PET to be highly sensitive for the detection of primary breast cancer, detectability of tumors smaller than 1 cm is uncertain. Our case suggests the potential utility of PET for the early detection of primary breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the retractile testis.

A 51-year-old man with a palpable mass in his right inguinal region had fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) in our cancer screening program. FDG accumulated in the mass, suggesting a metabolically active lesion that was likely malignant. A pelvic MRI and a urologist's palpation revealed that his inguinal mass was a retractile testis. Because a retractile testis is a benign process with no need for interventional therapy, it would be considered a false-positive finding on the cancer screening program using F-18 FDG PET.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMed1999

Production and partial characterization of antibody to cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate) in mice.

Antibody production against the trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM, cord factor) of Rhodococcus ruber, a non-pathogenic species of the Actinomycetales group, was investigated in mice by repeated intraperitoneal injection of TDM in water-in-oil-in-water micelles without carrier protein. The antigenic TDM was isolated and purified chromatographically from the chloroform-methanol extractable lipids of R. ruber. The hydrophobic moiety of this TDM was composed of two molecules of monoenoic or dienoic alpha-mycolic acids with a carbon chain length ranging from C44 to C48 centering at C46. To detect the antibody, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was employed using plastic plates coated with TDM. The antibody reacted against the TDM of R. ruber. The antibody was reactive in similar fashion against glycosyl monomycolates differing in the carbohydrate moiety, such as that of glucose mycolate (GM) and mannose mycolate (MM), obtained from R. ruber. Moreover, the antibody reacted against mycolic acid methyl ester itself when it was used as the antigen in ELISA, and trehalose did not absorb the antibody to TDM or inhibit the reaction. These results indicate that the epitope of TDM recognized by the antibody is mycolic acid, an extremely hydrophobic part of the molecule. Next, we prepared monoclonal anti-TDM antibody (moAb) in mice myeloma cells to examine its biological activities and the role of humoral immunity in mycobacterial infection. MoAb reacted against the TDM, glycosyl mycolate, and mycolic acid methyl ester in ELISA in the same manner as our polyclonal antibody did. The administration of moAb suppressed granuloma formation in the lungs, spleen, and liver induced by TDM and inhibited the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and chemotactic factor, which is reported to precede granuloma formation.

Absorption↗
PubMed1999

Orthodontics in the adult patient, with special reference to the periodontally compromised patient.

There is increasing demand from adult patients for orthodontic treatment, either purely for aesthetics, to improve aesthetics or function following previous disease, or to facilitate the stabilization, restoration or replacement of teeth. Orthodontics may have a major role in the rehabilitation of patients suffering the effects of advanced periodontal disease, but there are a number of important factors to be considered in the management of such patients if the optimal outcome is to be obtained. This paper summarizes important aspects of treatment and the potential complications and how to avoid them.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Experimental studies on the penetration into the human stratum corneum of the dermatophyte].

We present results on the experimental penetration of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum under designated condition of humidity into human stratum corneum obtained from a healthy human heelregion. When mycelia were applied to the surface side of stratum corneum and then incubated at 100 % humidity, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were observed in the stratum corneum on day 1 and day 1.5, respectively. At 95% humidity, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum penetrated on day 1.5 and day 4, and at 90% humidity, they penetrated on day 3 and day 7, respectively. At less than 85% humidity, no fungal elements of either strain were observed in stratum corneum for up to 7 days. These datasuggest that at least 90% humidity is necessary for these two fungi to penetrate into stratum corneum within a few days. However, when T. mentagrophytes was applied to the cutting side of the stratum corneum and thenincubated at more than 70% humidity, the mycelia were able to penetrate within a day. The same results were obtained when T. rubrum was applied on the cutting side and incubated at 95 and 100% humidity. T. rubrum was also able to penetrate into the stratum corneum within several days at 70 and 80% humidity. These results may indicate that not only persistent moisture but also minor injuries of stratum corneum are the most important factors in the development of tinea pedis.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1999

[PET evaluation of glucose metabolism in cancer].

Accelerated glycolysis is one of the biochemical characteristics of cancer cells. Based on this fact, positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been used in the diagnosis of various cancers. After intravenous injection of FDG and PET scans, most cancers are identified by high FDG accumulation. This metabolic tumor imaging method has been used successfully in the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors, in the diagnosis of metastasis or recurrence, in the detection of primary unknown cancers, and in cancer screening. Because the degree of FDG accumulation reflects tumor glucose consumption, quantification of FDG uptake by PET can be used in predicting biological malignancy and in monitoring treatment in both radiation and chemotherapy. The potential utility of Glut-1 and hexokinase, reported to be responsible for increased glucose metabolism, as biological markers of cancers is yet to be determined.

Cancer Care Facilities↗
PubMed1999

Dealing with sensitive teeth.

Dental pain is extremely common in the UK and can severely reduce the quality of life when it is associated with eating, drinking or speech. Patients often present complaining of a short, sharp, stabbing pain from hot or cold air, foods or drinks: while this may be caused by tooth decay, failing fillings or cracks in teeth, a major cause is sensitivity from exposed dentine. Treatment varies from dietary control, desensitising toothpastes to protection with dentine-bonding agents and glass ionomers. In extreme cases elective devitalisation is necessary.

Dentin Permeability↗
PubMed1998

Four cases of Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland detected with FDG PET.

In the cancer screening with FDG PET for 1,872 medical health club members, high FDG accumulation in the parotid gland was found in four males (age, 57-70 years). Warthin's tumor was confirmed by surgical pathology. The exact mechanism of high FDG accumulation in Warthin's tumor is not yet known. This tumor may be found incidentally during FDG PET studies. When high FDG accumulation is found in the parotid gland, integrated consideration of the results of the physical examination, medical history and 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy makes it possible to differentiate Warthin's tumor from other lesions.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1998

Carcinoid of the esophagus located in lamina propria.

We report a carcinoid tumor in the mucosal layer of the esophagus of a 63-year-old man. Barium X-ray and endoscopy indicated the tumor to be a polypoid lesion in the lower esophagus. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) demonstrated the lesion to be a sharply demarcated hyperechoic tumor in the mucosal layer. Biopsy yielded a diagnosis carcinoid of the esophagus. In the resected specimen of the esophagus, the tumor was 11 mm in longest dimension with a shallow depression on it smooth surface. Histologically, the tumor was located in the mucosal layer, as shown by EUS, and was composed of small round cells which were positive for argyrophil, but not argentaffine. Carcinoid tumor of the esophagus found at an early stage, and localized in the lamina propria layer, is very rare. The present case is the second report in Japan.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1998

Short-term attenuation of natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in wheelchair marathoners with paraplegia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate homeostasis of the immune system in athletes with spinal cord injuries during and after racing a wheelchair marathon. DESIGN: The study examined changes in the number and function of natural killer (NK) cells in nine male wheelchair marathon athletes (spinal cord injuries between T5 and T12) who completed the 15th Oita International Wheelchair Marathon Race. Blood samples were obtained the day before, immediately after, and 1 day after the race. Blood samples were also obtained from seven age-matched control subjects with spinal cord injuries but who did not exercise regularly. RESULTS: The number of peripheral leukocytes increased (p < .01) immediately after the race. In contrast, the number of peripheral NK cells and NK cell cytotoxic activity significantly decreased from 310+/-130/microL to 133 +/-61/microL and from 42.6%+/-3.0% to 38.2%+/-3.2%, respectively (mean+/-SD), immediately after the race. Plasma cortisol levels were increased after the race. However, all parameters returned to control levels within 24 hours. Measurements in control subjects did not change throughout the experiment. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that racing a marathon suppressed peripheral NK cell number as well as NK cell cytotoxic activity in wheelchair athletes and that this was probably mediated by increased postrace cortisol levels. Wheelchair marathon athletes are advised to take extra precaution to avoid infection within 24 hours after racing because of the transient suppression of NK cell cytotoxic activity during this period.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Radiation-related adverse effects observed on neuro-imaging several years after radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, there are no reported arteriovenous malformation (AVM) series in which detailed long-term follow-up results after radiosurgery were described based on the whole patient group. METHOD: We performed a detailed long-term follow-up study of 53 patients with cerebral AVMs treated with gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery, with emphasis on radiation-related adverse effects detected on neuro-imaging after a long post-irradiation latency period (3-10 years). The post-GK follow-up period was 40-232 months excluding two mortalities, the mean being 112 and the median being 111 months. RESULTS: Three patients (5.6%) have, as yet, refused all neuro-imaging follow-up studies. Complete nidus obliteration was confirmed angiographically in 32 patients (60.4%) between 1 and 5 post-GK years. In the other 18 patients (34%), despite significant nidus shrinkage being angiographically demonstrated, complete obliteration was not achieved during a 2-7 year follow-up period. There were two mortalities, one AVM-related (massive re-bleeding during the latency period) and the other angiography-related. There were five radiation-related morbidities (9.4%), three of which-hemi-Parkinson syndrome, hemiparesis, and visual field disturbances attributable to delayed cyst formation-manifested at 5.5, 7 and 7 post-GK years, respectively. We also experienced five patients (9.4%) in whom, despite remaining asymptomatic to date, radiation-related adverse effects were seen on neuro-imaging: middle cerebral artery stenosis at 3 post-GK years in one patient; dural arteriovenous fistula at 7 post GK-years in one; delayed cyst formation in two, at 5 and 10 post-GK years; and a small cavitation at 9 post-GK years. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-up, particularly with neuro-imaging modalities, is essential even after the "treatment goal" has been attained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Application of proton chemical shift imaging in monitoring of gamma knife radiosurgery on brain tumors.

Our objective was to assess proton chemical shift imaging for potential clinical application in monitoring response to gamma knife radiosurgery. Twenty-five proton chemical shift imaging studies and conventional magnetic resonance images were performed on six patients with intracranial tumors. The peak areas of N-acetylaspartate, choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine, and lipids were calculated and normalized to N-acetylaspartate in the contralateral hemisphere. The spectra from the lesion before treatment showed a relatively high Cho peak, reported as a characteristic spectrum of tumors. Tumor size and Cho level after radiosurgery did not increase except in two cases. In these cases, radiation necrosis was observed with elevated Cho and a mobile lipid peak. Stable or decreased Cho seems to suggest a loss of tumor viability, and changes in Cho indicate the effectiveness of radiosurgery. Increasing Cho and the appearance of the mobile lipid peak may distinguish radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors, which cannot be distinguished by magnetic resonance imaging.

Adolescent↗