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Biomedical subjects

M Ireland

Publications and source records attributed to M Ireland.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Variability in classification of consultations by content-based descriptors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability with which general practitioners use content-based descriptors of consultations. Our hypothesis was that there would be considerable variety in the opinion of general practitioners on the classification of consultations by descriptors. DESIGN: General practitioners in Newcastle, New South Wales, assessed videotaped consultations and the written consultation records by 12 general practitioners. SETTING: The medical faculty of the University of Newcastle and the general practitioners' own homes and offices. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve general practitioner participants were selected from consultation tapes recorded in 1983 by the Primary Care Research Group at the University of Newcastle. Thirty-nine observer general practitioners were randomly selected from a list of general practitioners practising in the Newcastle area maintained by the Hunter Postgraduate Medical Institute. Those whose videotapes had been selected were excluded. RESULTS: There were high levels of variation between assessments made from the original records and from viewing the tapes. Doctors varied greatly in their use of the descriptors. This variation included estimation of the duration of consultations and of the individual components of the consultation (history, physical examination, problems dealt with). No systematic relationships were found between any characteristics of the doctors and their ratings of consultations. CONCLUSIONS: There is potential for enormous variation in the use of content-based descriptors currently available in Australia. Observer general practitioners tended to underestimate the content of the consultations and overestimate the duration. It would be inappropriate to use the general practitioner patient record for audit of the content or difficulty of a consultation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A family of lens fiber cell specific proteins.

A family of related polypeptides of molecular weights 97 kd, 93 kd, 64 kd, 62 kd, 51 kd and 49 kd is unique to chick lens fiber cells, and is not found in the epithelial cells. Cross-reacting proteins were also detected in bovine and human lenses. This family of membrane-associated proteins is cytoskeletal in nature and localized to the beaded-chain filaments.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of pulsed Doppler and thermodilution methods for measuring cardiac output in critically ill patients.

We obtained 145 consecutive cardiac output measurements in 38 critically ill patients, using the invasive thermodilution and the noninvasive pulsed Doppler methods. The mean thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO) was 5.7 +/- 1.87 L/min and the mean pulsed Doppler cardiac output (PDCO) was 5.16 +/- 1.66 L/min. The mean difference between the two measurements was 0.51 L/min with an SD greater than 1.6 L/min, reflecting the scattering of results. The overall correlation coefficient was .58. The intercepts were large and the regression equation some way from the line of equal values (TDCO = 2.28 + 0.66 PDCO). When the results were analyzed according to diagnosis or by group experience, there were some differences in the bias of the estimate; however, the SD of the difference between methods was greater than one liter/min in all groups. Thus, the pulsed Doppler method failed to estimate accurately TDCO in critically ill patients.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1984

A cytoskeletal protein unique to lens fiber cell differentiation.

A chick lens urea-soluble polypeptide of estimated mol. wt. 49 000 daltons is unique to fiber cell differentiation and is a component of the beaded-chain filaments of the chick cytoskeleton. Antigenically related proteins are also present in the human and bovine lens. There is no similarity between this protein and actin as determined by immunological analysis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Evidence for a calcium activated protease specific for lens intermediate filaments.

The calcium mediated loss of intermediate filament protein from lens cytoskeletal preparations was examined by soft laser scanning densitometry of polyacrylamide gels. The time course of proteolysis by the lens Ca++ activated proteinase and inhibition by EGTA or PMSF and leupeptin were also determined. Proteolytic breakdown products were identified on electroblots with specific antiserum to vimentin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Phosphorylation of chick lens proteins.

Phosphorylated proteins of the chick lens were identified following incubation of lenses in a medium containing 32P and subsequent analysis by gel electrophoresis. The acidic variant of the vimentin and both subunits of fodrin were phosphorylated, as were the 95 Kd and 49 Kd proteins associated with the beaded-chain filaments. Neither crystallins nor the main intrinsic membrane proteins were phosphorylated. Several low molecular weight phosphoproteins of the epithelial cell were not present in the fiber cells.

Actins↗
PubMed1983

Lens actin: purification and localization.

Actin was purified from the chick lens using DEAE-52 column chromatography followed by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The antibody produced against the purified actin cross-reacted specifically with lens actin from other species in addition to smooth and skeletal muscle actin and labelled the stress bundles of cultured fibroblasts. Actin was localized, using immunological methods, primarily to the plasma membrane of the epithelial and fiber cells of the chick and human lens. Actin filaments were also identified by HMM S-1 labeling in bovine cortical fiber cells. Using this procedure, the actin filaments were found throughout the fiber cell but were mainly concentrated near the plasma membrane and in cell processes. They formed a population distinct from the beaded filaments. The initial DEAE-52 column chromatography was also useful in the initial purification of lens fiber cell intermediate filament protein and two species of beta-crystallins.

Actins↗
PubMed1982

Calmodulin binds to chick lens gap junction protein in a calcium-independent manner.

A biochemically active conjugate of calmodulin and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (CaM-RITC) was synthesized. When incubated with sections of chick lens, this conjugate bound to the surface membranes of lens fiber cells in the presence of absence of calcium. Incubation of lens sections with antibodies to gap junction protein of lens completely blocked the binding of the conjugate to cell membranes, whereas serum from nonimmunized animals or antibodies to others lens proteins reduced the binding only slightly. By means of a gel overlay procedure, 125I-labeled calmodulin was found to bind to the gap junction protein of lens, also in a calcium-independent manner. These results support the concept that calmodulin may interact with and regulate gap junctions in living cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Actin filaments of lens fiber cells.

Filaments of typical actin morphology can be isolated from acetone powder of lens fiber cells. These filaments, which react with heavy meromyosin, are also present in native form in the water-insoluble fraction of the lens. These findings indicate that native actin filaments exist in the lens fiber cells distinct from the beaded filaments.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genomic organisation of the human chordin gene and mutation screening of candidate Cornelia de Lange syndrome genes.

We have determined the genomic organisation of the human chordin gene, CHRD, and have shown that it maps within a gene cluster at 3q27 containing THPO (thrombopoietin), CLCN2 (a voltage-gated chloride-channel gene) and EIF4G1 (a eukaryotic translation-initiation-factor-gamma gene). The CHRD and THPO genes are very close neighbours and are transcribed from opposing DNA strands from promoters that are spaced less than 2 kb apart. We considered that the CHRD gene and the chordin-regulating GSC (goosecoid) gene could be candidate genes for Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CDLS), a developmental malformation syndrome which is primarily characterised by mental handicap, growth retardation, distinctive facial features and limb-reduction defects. CDLS patients typically occur as sporadic cases, but several reports have suggested dominant inheritance. The candidacy of the CHRD and GSC genes was supported by several lines of evidence: prior evidence for a CDLS gene at 3q26.3-q27; a report suggesting a significant association between CDLS and thrombocytopenia; suspected genetic heterogeneity in CDLS; location of the GSC gene in close proximity to a 14q32 breakpoint detected in a CDLS patient with a balanced de novo translocation; known regulation of chordin expression by goosecoid; and the pattern of embryonic expression of the mouse GSC gene. Another candidate gene at 3q27, SOX2, was also considered because of its suspected role as a transcription factor in early development and because of known examples of SOX genes that are loci for dominantly inherited developmental disorders. However, mutation screening failed to identify CDLS patient-specific mutations in CHRD, GSC or SOX2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗