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Biomedical subjects

M Islam

Publications and source records attributed to M Islam.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Characteristics of clometacin-induced hepatitis with special reference to the presence of anti-actin cable antibodies.

The clinical, biochemical, histopathological and immunological features of 30 cases of clometacin-induced hepatitis are described. The age range of the patients was 32-84 years with a notable female predominance of 29:1. The hepatitis was highly cytolytic with high values of transaminases but with little or no cholestasis. Gammaglobulins were higher than 18 g/l in 73% of the cases. 25 liver biopsies were performed and showed acute hepatitis with a predominant centrilobular necrosis in 17; chronic aggressive hepatitis was noted in 8 cases but 1 showed concomitant cirrhotic changes. Anti-tissue antibodies were looked for in all cases. Anti-smooth muscle antibodies of anti-actin cable type (titre 1/80 to 1/2, 560) were detected in 19 cases, anti-nucleus antibodies in 16 cases which were associated to the former in 14 cases. The above findings show that clometacin produces a hepatitis syndrome quite akin to autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (lupoid hepatitis) and to the hepatopathy induced by oxyphenisatin.

Actins↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiologic and clinical features of invasive amebiasis in Bangladesh: a case-control comparison with other diarrheal diseases and postmortem findings.

To describe the epidemiologic and clinical features associated with invasive amebiasis in Bangladesh, 85 hospitalized diarrheal patients with hematophagous trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica in their stools were compared to a control group of 84 hospitalized diarrheal patients without amebiasis. Postmortem examinations were carried out in 22 deaths due to amebiasis. For the patients with amebiasis, there was a bimodal age distribution with peaks at 2-3 years and greater than 40 years, whereas the control patients had a unimodal distribution with the peak at 0-1 year. The sex distribution was equal in childhood but young adults were predominantly female and older adults predominantly male. The clinical features significantly associated with amebiasis were prolonged dysentery, prior measles rash, malnutrition, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypoproteinemia (all P less than 0.05). The case fatality rate in amebiasis was 29%, which was significantly higher than 11% for the controls (P less than 0.05). Postmortem findings included extensive colitis with deep ulcers and complications, including colonic perforation in 2 cases, peritonitis in 4 cases, pneumonia in 9 cases, and septicemia in 5 cases. These results indicate that invasive amebiasis in this population differs from other diarrheal diseases, affecting mainly children greater than 2 years and adults and causing severe and fatal illness characterized by extensive colitis with diverse systemic consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Segmental necrotising enterocolitis: pathological and clinical features of 22 cases in Bangladesh.

To describe the pathology and clinical features of segmental necrotising enterocolitis (SNE) in children and adults, 22 diarrhoeal patients (median age two years, range two months to 50 years) in Bangladesh with this lesion detected at autopsy were examined and compared with two groups of diarrhoeal control patients. Gross pathology consisted of purplish or black mucosal or transmural discoloration with erosions or ulcerations in segments of the jejunum or ileum of 18 cases and of the colon alone in four cases. Two patients had intestinal perforations. Microscopically all specimens showed coagulation necrosis or haemorrhagic necrosis indicative of mucosal ischaemia. In 20 cases there was submucosal oedema and nine showed pneumatosis of the bowel. From 11, one or more of the invasive diarrhoeal pathogens Shigella, Campylobacter and Entamoeba histolytica were detected. From the comparison with controls significant associations were found for a long duration of diarrhoea, blood and mucus in stool, abdominal distension or tenderness, shock not attributable to hypovolaemia, septicaemia, and low concentration of serum protein (p less than 0.05). These findings indicated that segmental necrotising enterocolitis develops sometimes as a fatal complication of prolonged diarrhoeal illnesses associated with shock and hypoproteinaemia and is caused by ischaemic injury to the intestinal mucosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Causes of death in diarrhoeal diseases after rehydration therapy: an autopsy study of 140 patients in Bangladesh.

The cause of death (besides dehydration) for 140 diarrhoeal patients who died in hospital following rehydration was determined by autopsy examination. Children under 5 years comprised 74% of the patients. Diarrhoeal pathogens were identified as Shigella spp. in 27%, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in 17%, Entamoeba histolytica in 16%, Campylobacter jejuni in 12%, Salmonella spp. in 4%, Vibrio cholerae in 4%, and Giardia lambliain 4% of cases. The most frequent underlying causes of death were colitis in 44% and pneumonia in 38%. The most frequent immediate causes of death were septicaemia in 27%, hypoglycaemia in 9%, and hypokalaemia in 9%; multiple causes of death were present in 89% of cases. Kwashiorkor or marasmus was present in 59% and fatty degeneration of the liver was detected in 61% of cases. It is concluded that, in susceptible children, diarrhoeal pathogens produce destructive inflammation in the intestine and cause death or contribute to it by provoking disease in other tissues, especially septicaemia and fatty liver, or by combining these effects with antecedent or concomitant conditions, especially pneumonia and malnutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

An animal model of haemolytic--uraemic syndrome in shigellosis: lipopolysaccharides of Shigella dysenteriae I and S. flexneri produce leucocyte-mediated renal cortical necrosis in rabbits.

To develop an animal model of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome during shigellosis, rabbits were injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted by the hot phenol-water method from Shigella dysenteriae I and from S. flexneri. Two intravenous injections of LPS spaced by 24 h elicited renal cortical necrosis in a generalized Shwartzman reaction characterized by fibrin deposition in glomerular capillaries and by elevated plasma creatinine concentration. Rabbits rendered leucopenic by busulphan treatment were protected against renal cortical necrosis after injection with LPS derived from S. dysenteriae I. Both LPS preparations derived from Shigella species were also active in producing fever in rabbits, death in rabbits, and gelation of limulus lysate with approximately the same potency as a standard LPS of E. coli 055:B5. These results demonstrated that the LPS of Shigella species given intravenously to rabbits produces renal cortical necrosis, which is caused by leucocyte-mediated intravascular fibrin deposition in renal blood vessels and which resembles histologically the renal lesion in the haemolytic-uraemic during shigellosis in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. intermedia from fatal cases of diarrhoeal illness in Bangladesh.

From three fatal cases of diarrhoeal illness in Bangladesh, Yersinia species were isolated from tissues at post-mortem examination. One patient was infected with Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:7, 8 and two patients were infected with Y. intermedia. These patients were infected also with other enteric pathogens. These findings suggest that Yersinia may be important as pathogens in tropical diarrhoea and as co-pathogens in serious disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Distribution and spread of colonic lesions in shigellosis: a colonoscopic study.

In a study of the distribution and severity of colonic lesions in patients with shigellosis, colonoscopy was performed for 33 men with this disease. All 33 patients had inflammatory lesions in the rectosigmoid area; in 18 (55%) the lesions extended to the splenic flexure, in 14 (42%) the disease extended to the distal transverse colon, in nine (27%) the area of involvement included the proximal transverse colon, and in five (15%) pancolitis was evident. In most patients lesions were continuous and diffuse, with the intensity of inflammation decreasing in a proximal direction. Biopsied samples from proximal lesions usually showed less severe inflammation than did those from more distal lesions. Aphthoid erosions, which have not previously been described in shigellosis, were observed in five patients. Proximal colitis was associated with diarrhea of four or more days' duration (P less than .01, Fisher's exact test). These findings indicate that the rectosigmoid is the most frequently and most severely affected area of the colon in shigellosis and suggest that during the course of shigella infection, colonic lesions extend in a proximal direction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Campylobacter jejuni diarrhea model in infant chickens.

To study the pathogenic mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni infection, 36- to 72-h-old chickens were fed 10(3) to 10(6) live cells, using strains isolated from 40 patients with watery diarrhea and 6 with bloody mucoid diarrhea from whom no other known enteropathogen was detected. Chickens of Starbro strain were more likely to develop C. jejuni-induced diarrhea than were White Leghorn chickens. Diarrhea was defined on the basis of amounts of gut fluid in 288 chicks fed with live C. jejuni versus 183 saline-fed control as an accumulation greater than or equal to 0.4 ml of fluid in the guts (excluding ceca) of chickens. Twenty-five percent of the chickens developed diarrhea on day 2, 49% on day 4, and 81% on day 5. The intestines, including ceca, were distended with watery fluid. The majority of the strains, irrespective of whether they were isolated from watery or bloody mucoid enteritis patients, caused watery diarrhea in chickens, and a few caused mucoid diarrhea. No correlation was observed between the source of a strain and the outcome in the experimental model. Bloody diarrhea was never observed in chickens. The peak incidence of diarrhea on day 5 coincided with the mean of maximum fluid accumulation. The organisms multiplied by 3 to 4 logs in all parts of the intestine, with a steady increase in number until day 5. Systemic invasion occurred frequently: C. jejuni could be recovered from the spleen in 47% of the chickens on day 5, in 25% from the liver on day 6, and in 11% from heart blood on day 4. Histopathological examination of gut tissue of the chickens having watery diarrhea did not reveal any abnormality except slight submucosal edema. However, in chickens with mucoid diarrhea, the organisms were found to adhere to brush borders and penetrate into the epithelial cells with formation of a breach in continuity of the brush border lining. The electrolyte composition of the intestinal fluid from chickens infected with C. jejuni and from saline-fed controls did not show significant differences, except for depletion of K+ in the test group. The results obtained in this highly reproducible chicken diarrhea model indicate that (i) most chickens develop nonexudative watery diarrhea 2 to 5 days after oral feeding of 10(3) to 10(6) live cells of C. jejuni; (ii) the organism multiples in all parts of a chicken intestine, (iii) systemic invasion is common, and (iv) local invasion is sometimes observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of conventional and immunofluorescent techniques for the detection of Entamoeba histolytica in rectal biopsies.

Two comparative studies of six staining techniques in detection of Entamoeba histolytica in rectal biopsies were performed. The techniques evaluated were direct and indirect fluorescent antibody technique, and four conventional stains: PAS, H & E, Trichrome, and PTAH). On ethanol-fixed tissue, the direct fluorescent antibody technique was the most sensitive, detecting amoebas in 84% of rectal biopsies from 19 aspirate-positive dysentery patients. PAS staining was specific, almost as sensitive, and amoebas could be rapidly detected. The other three conventional methods, however, detected amoebas in only 53--58% of the aspirate-positive patients and required considerable efforts to find the amoebas. The indirect fluorescent antibody technique performed on ethanol-fixed tissues was comparable to the direct technique. The same technique used on formalin-fixed tissues had high background staining, but amoebas could still be detected more efficiently than with conventional staining. Following 20 hr or more treatment with metronidazole, no patient had amoebas detectable in their rectal biopsies by any technique used. Patients with amoebic dysentery and necrotic ulcers on protoscopy had amoebas detected more frequently in rectal biopsy than did patients with mild disease as determined by proctoscopy. Entamoeba histolytica in rectal biopsies can be detected most easily in ethanol-fixed tissue stained with either a fluorescent antibody or with PAS. If amoebas are not detected in the rectal biopsy, amoebic colitis cannot be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Posterior urethral trauma and strictures: an attempt to solve a controversy.

Three cases of traumatic partial or complete posterior urethral rupture and subsequent stricture are reported. Treatment consisted of early suprapubic cystostomy, with/or without concomitant primary realignment of the urethra over a catheter, followed by urethral dilations and internal urethrotomy when indicated. Followup of 4 or more years showed excellent results.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Dissociation of prelycopersene pyrophosphate synthetase from phytoene synthetase complex of tomato fruit plastids.

The partially purified phytoene synthetase enzyme complex obtained from tomato fruit plastids dissociates into two or more subunit species on chromatography in low ionic strength buffer on DEAE-cellulose. One of these subunits prelycopersene pyrophosphate synthetase, has a molecular weight of approximately 40,000, whereas the phytoene synthetase complex has a molecular weight of 200,000. The prelycopersene pyrophosphate synthetase catalyzes the conversion of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to geranylgeranyl and prelycopersene pyrophosphates. The identities of these substances were established by thin layer chromatography in several solvent systems. The formation of both geranylgeranyl and prelycopersene pyrophosphates by this enzyme supports earlier results with cruder enzyme systems which suggested that these compounds are intermediates in the synthesis of phytoene.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1977

Survival of a patient with intestinal anthrax.

A patient with intestinal anthrax, the first documented surviving patient to be described in detail, presented with an acute condition within the abdomen. Intestinal anthrax should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal conditions in areas in which anthrax is prevalent, especially when a history is available of ingesting putrid or improperly cooked meat. Clinical and therapeutic details are given as a guide in future cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Multilamellar cytosomes in a particular form of late-infantile amaurotic idiocy.

There is a particular form of late-infantile amaurotic idiocy in which no clear chemical-pathological or unique enzyme abnormalities have been identified to date. A distinctive morphological feature has been recognized on electron microscopical examination of tissues from these patients, which has been descriptively labeled with various terms, including "multilamellar cytosomes" (MLC). Illustrations of MLC in a patient with this late-infantile form of cerebroretinal degeneration show their reactivity with the periodic acid-silver methenamine reaction for glycoproteins. The MLC are shown to be morphologically identical in cerebral tissue obtained at biopsy, in the same tissue obtained three years later at autopsy, and in skeletal muscle.

Brain↗