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Biomedical subjects

M Isogai

Publications and source records attributed to M Isogai.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Coexistence of MEN 2A and papillary thyroid carcinoma and a recurrent pheochromocytoma 23 years after surgery: report of a case and a review of the Japanese literature.

A 59-year-old woman who had undergone bilateral partial adrenalectomy 23 years previously was referred to our hospital because of neck masses and a left adrenal tumor. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the neck tumor and elevated levels of calcitonin and CEA revealed medullary thyroid carcinoma. Slightly elevated levels of urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine, and results of a clonidine suppression test, CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy of the abdomen indicated that the left adrenal tumor was a recurrent pheochromocytoma in the residual adrenal gland. After total thyroidectomy, bilateral medullary thyroid carcinomas and papillary thyroid carcinoma were recognized pathologically. Although the coexistence of bilateral pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma is suggestive of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), association of MEN type 2A (MEN 2A) with papillary thyroid carcinoma may have occurred incidentally. A retrospective analysis of 9 cases of pheochromocytoma associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma reported in the Japanese literature demonstrated a male-to-female ratio of 1:8, and an average patient age of 56.2 years. The present case indicates that association between pheochromocytoma and thyroid carcinoma may not always involve medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Hepatic histopathological changes in biliary pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVES: Elevation of serum transaminase has been shown to establish gallstone etiology in acute pancreatitis, but little has been reported regarding hepatic histopathological changes in biliary pancreatitis. The main purposes of this study were to observe hepatic histopathological changes in the acute stage of biliary pancreatitis and to elucidate the mechanism of transaminase elevation. METHODS: Microscopic findings for liver biopsy specimens (26 patients) as well as gross pathological observations of the biliary tract at emergency operation were analyzed in 62 patients with biliary pancreatitis. RESULTS: The main light microscopic findings were hepatocyte necrosis (96.2%) and acute cholangitis (65.4%). The main electron microscopic findings (two patients) were disorganized liver cell plate, retention of biliary material in the dilated canaliculi, and shedding of cytoplasm into the space of Disse in some areas. At laparotomy, impacted and floating bile duct stones were found in 35 (56.5%) and 13 (21.0%) patients, respectively, and acute inflammatory biliary diseases were encountered in 43 (69.4%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: The main hepatic histopathological changes in biliary pancreatitis were acute inflammatory hepatocyte necrosis, hepatocyte degeneration, and acute cholangitis caused by ampullary stones impacted during their transpapillary passage. Serum transaminase elevation might be a reflection of hepatocyte necrosis and/or degeneration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Expression of hepatic calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA is decreased by phenobarbital administration in rats.

The effect of phenobarbital on the expression of calcium-binding protein regucalcin mRNA in rat liver was investigated. The change of regucalcin mRNA levels was analyzed by Northern blotting using liver regucalcin cDNA (0.9 kb of open reading frame). Phenobarbital (4, 8 and 12 mg/ 100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to rats 3 times with 24 h intervals, and the animals were sacrificed by bleeding at 24 h after the last administration. The hepatic regucalcin mRNA levels were markedly reduced by phenobarbital administration. This decrease was about 50% of control level with the 12 mg/100 g dose. Moreover, the hepatic regucalcin concentration was significantly decreased by the administration of phenobarbital (12 mg/100 g), although the serum regucalcin concentration was not altered appreciably. Meanwhile, serum transaminases (GOT and GPT) activities were not increased by the administration of phenobarbital (4 and 12 mg/100 g). The present study demonstrates that the expression of hepatic regucalcin mRNA is decreased by phenobarbital administration in rats, suggesting that regucalcin does not have a role in drug metabolism related to phenobarbital.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1994

Serum release of hepatic calcium-binding protein regucalcin by liver injury with galactosamine administration in rats.

Whether calcium-binding protein regucalcin, which mainly localizes in liver, is released into the serum by liver injury was investigated in rats administered galactosamine. Galactosamine (25 mg/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered 3 times at 2 h intervals in rats, and the animals were sacrificed at 10, 24 and 48 h after the first administration of galactosamine. Liver regucalcin mRNA levels were clearly reduced at 24 and 48 h after galactosamine administration with estimating for Northern blotting assay. When hepatic regucalcin concentration was estimated by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) with rabbit-anti-regucalcin IgG, liver regucalcin concentration was not significantly altered by galactosamine administration. Serum regucalcin concentration was markedly elevated at 10 and 24 h after the first administration of galactosamine. Serum transaminases (GOT and GPT) activities were significantly increased by galactosamine administration, indicating that liver injury was induced. The present study demonstrates that liver regucalcin is released into the serum by liver injury with galactosamine administration in rats.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1994

Hepatic calcium-binding protein regucalcin in released into the serum of rats administered orally carbon tetrachloride.

The change in calcium-binding protein regucalcin, mainly localized in liver, in the liver and serum of rats received a single oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (50%; 1.0 ml/100 g body weight) was investigated. The change of regucalcin mRNA levels in the liver was analyzed by Northern blotting using liver regucalcin cDNA (0.6 kb). At 10 and 24 h after the administration, liver regucalcin mRNA levels were reduced markedly. Moreover, regucalcin concentrations in the liver and serum was estimated by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) with rabbit-anti-regucalcin IgG. Administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced a significant decrease in liver regucalcin concentration and a corresponding elevation of serum regucalcin concentration at 24 h after the administration. An appreciable increase in serum regucalcin concentration was seen at 2 h after the administration. Meanwhile, serum transaminases (GOT and GPT) activities were significantly increased by CCl4 administration, indicating that liver injury is induced. The present study demonstrates that hepatic regucalcin is released into the serum of rats administered orally CCl4, suggesting that the estimation of serum regucalcin is a useful tool for diagnosis of liver injury.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Genomic heterogeneity of rice dwarf phytoreovirus field isolates and nucleotide sequences of variants of genome segment 12.

Electrophoretic profiles of the dsRNAs of field isolates of rice dwarf virus (RDV) were compared with those of an isolate maintained at Hokkaido University (RDV-H). Unexpectedly, the genomic dsRNAs of most of the field isolates showed distinct electrophoretic mobility profiles. This was the case even among isolates from the same region. Genome segment 12 (S12) from some variants migrated faster than S12 from RDV-H. These RNAs were converted to full-length cDNAs and sequenced. S12 from all the variants had the same length of 1066 nucleotides with nucleotide sequence identities of 96 to 99%. Three open reading frames previously reported were present in all the variants, and the sequence identities were 95 to 99% for P12, 98 to 100% for P12OPa, and nearly 100% for P12OPb. A comparison of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the variants with sequences of the RDV-H and Akita isolate showed that there are two genomic types, one represented by RDV-H and the other by the Akita isolate.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Expression of P-glycoprotein in de novo acute myelogenous leukemia at initial diagnosis: results of molecular and functional assays, and correlation with treatment outcome.

We investigated the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in 52 adults with de novo acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) at the initial diagnosis. We tested 52 patients by flow cytometry using the MRK16 monoclonal antibody (MoAb). To investigate the phenotype for multidrug resistance, 41 of the patients were analyzed using rhodamine 123 (Rh123). We found that 14 (27%) of the 52 patients were positive for P-gp expression by MRK16 MoAb using a cutoff of 5% positive cells. There was a significant correlation between the results of the two analyses (p < 0.01). We suggest that flow cytometry using MRK16 MoAb is acceptable for use in detecting P-gp expression in clinical samples. Among the 52 patients, 43 (83%) obtained a complete remission (CR) and 45% of remitters were predicted to be alive and in a CR after 8 years. Although the rate of CR on the MRK16-positive patients was comparable to that of the MRK16-negative patients, the MRK16-positive patients were prone to relapse. We conclude that determination of P-gp expression of de novo AML at initial presentation did not significantly influence the outcome of treatment.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1993

Tissue concentration of calcium-binding protein regucalcin in rats by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.

The concentration of calcium-binding protein regucalcin in the tissues of rats was estimated by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) with rabbit-anti-regucalcin IgG. In male rats (5 weeks old), regucalcin was most pronounced in the liver. Liver regulcalcin concentration was about 0.1 microM, when it was calculated with regucalcin molecular weight of 28,800. The relatively higher level of regucalcin was also found in the kidney as compared with that of the skeletal muscle, duodenum, testis, lung, heart, spleen, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Similarly in female rats, regucalcin was remarkable in the liver, and appeared only slightly in the kidney. Thus, the tissue distribution of regucalcin in rats was specific in the liver. The concentration of regucalcin in the liver was altered with increasing age of rats; liver regucalcin level linearly increased during 5 weeks old after birth of male rats, and then began to decrease gradually. The results coincided with the previous observation of Northern blot analyses by using liver regucalcin cDNA as a probe. The present finding clearly demonstrates that regucalcin is specifically synthesized in the liver of rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Binding affinities of mometasone furoate and related compounds including its metabolites for the glucocorticoid receptor of rat skin tissue.

The binding affinities of mometasone furoate (MF), its metabolites and related compounds for the glucocorticoid receptor of rat epidermis and dermis were measured. MF and its main metabolite exhibited binding affinities higher than those of alclomethasone dipropionate (ADP) and betamethasone dipropionate (BDP), but equivalent to betamethasone 17-valerate (BMV). For compound I (metabolite of MF), ADP, BDP and BMV, the binding affinity was found to be higher in epidermis relative to dermis. This difference in the dermal/epidermal binding ratio may be a favorable sign leading to a possible reduction of dermal collagen atrophy, a known side effect of glucocorticoids. In structure-binding relationship studies, esterification of the 17-OH by furoylation and introduction of the 9 alpha-Cl caused a marked increase of the binding affinity, whereas the 6 beta-hydroxylation led to a pronounced decrease.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1993

Clinical diversity in biliary pancreatitis--classification of two types.

One hundred and seven patients with biliary pancreatitis undergoing operation from 1976 to 1989 were reviewed. To clarify the reason for failure to respond to conventional supportive therapy, 73 patients (68%) who underwent emergency surgery were retrospectively divided into two groups according to the severity of the pancreatitis evaluated at laparotomy and compared. Sixty-two had minimal or mild pancreatitis (Group I), among whom 44 (71%) had life-threatening acute biliary tract disease. All underwent biliary surgery and 4 (6%) subsequently died, 2 due to acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis. Eleven had hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis (Group II), among whom 7 had complications of acute pancreatitis such as pancreatic ascites or abscess. These underwent pancreatic and/or biliary surgery and 3 (27%) died of multi-organ failure. There appears to be two types of biliary pancreatitis refractory to conventional supportive therapy, which differ in the extent of surgery required and in mortality: (1) minimal or mild pancreatitis with persistent life-threatening acute biliary tract disease (biliary type), and (2) more severe pancreatitis (pancreas type) early in the course of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Changes in the amounts of cytochromes P450 in rat hepatic microsomes produced by cyclosporin A.

1. The effect of cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive drug, on the levels of individual cytochromes P450 of rat liver was studied by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Changes in the metabolic activities of the microsomal enzymes were similarly studied. 2. Total P450 was decreased by treatment with cyclosporin A for 17 days. NADPH-P450 reductase activity was also decreased by treatment with cyclosporin A for 10 days and decreased further after 17 days. 3. Cytochromes 2B2 and 2C6 concentrations were decreased by treatment with cyclosporin A for 17 and 10 days, respectively. Administration of cyclosporin A for 17 days also decreased the levels of the male specific cytochromes 2C11 and 3A2, and consequently decreased testosterone 2 alpha-, 16 alpha-, 2 beta- and 6 beta-hydroxylation activities. Shorter periods (7 and 10 days) of cyclosporin A treatment decreased the level of cytochrome 3A2, which metabolizes cyclosporin A. In contrast, the level of cytochrome 2C13 was unchanged.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Acute biliary pancreatitis].

Pathogenesis, diagnosis, predicting severity, and treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis are reviewed. Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome were investigated in 23 patients with severe, acute biliary pancreatitis. Conservative treatment is successful in most of patients with acute biliary pancreatitis. Surgical treatment for biliary stones should be followed by an initial conservative treatment. However, in patients with severe pancreatitis, who has poor prognosis, intensive care is necessary and surgical treatment must be adequately performed, in failure of active medical treatments. In these cases, the timing of operation is important. When biliary lesions, acute septic cholangitis or impacted ampullary stones, are responsible for the severe condition, and can't be treated by a medical procedure, such as PTCD or EST, surgical treatment of the biliary tract should be considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Carcinoma in situ of the gallbladder with superficial extension into the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses and mucous glands.

Twenty-four cases of carcinoma in situ of the gallbladder encountered over the past 29 years were evaluated histopathologically. Macroscopic classification disclosed 12 protruding types and 12 superficial types (7 elevated types and 5 flat types). Histologically, 18 cases had papillary growth and 6 had tubular patterns. Epithelial dysplasia of varying degrees was observed around the carcinoma in situ in all except one case and was seen more extensively in superficial type cases, although it was often hard to distinguish dysplasia from carcinoma in situ in some cases. Metaplasia of the mucous glands was observed in 20/24 cases (83.3%). Superficial extension of carcinoma in situ into the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses (located below the muscle layer) was observed in 11 cases (45.8%), and extension into the mucous glands was seen in 8 cases (33.3%). These results indicate that it is very important to be able to differentiate invasive carcinoma from cases with superficial extension of dysplasia and/or carcinoma in situ deep into the mucous glands or Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Histological assessment should also be conducted carefully while considering these factors.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1992

Osteogenesis of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate used as a bone substitute.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are useful for grafting and augmentation of bone tissue. In this study, conventional and histochemical transmission electron microscopy were used to study osteogenic events at the interface between the implanted materials and adjacent tissue from 1 to 4 weeks postoperatively. The microscopic results indicated that TCP was resorbed more rapidly than HA after implantation, with a notable breakdown of material and replacement by mesenchymal cells with ultrastructural features resembling osteoprogenitor cells and collagen up to 4 weeks postoperatively. Alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase reactivity in the tissues helped to identify and differentiate the histologic differences observed between HA and TCP.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

Etiology and pathogenesis of marked elevation of serum transaminase in patients with acute gallstone disease.

From 1980 through 1988, biliary surgery was performed in 197 patients with acute gallstone disease and concomitant elevation of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) of over 300 Karmen units. In 137 patients, anatomic inspection and liver biopsy were performed during the acute stage of the disease. Impacted and floating bile duct stones were found in 69 (50%) and in 43 (32%) of the 137 patients, respectively. The main liver histology was necrosis of liver cells. After surgery, high serum transaminase fell rapidly with immediate recovery in 99% of the patients. In the remaining 60 patients, their signs and symptoms settled soon after initial conservative treatment and surgery was performed after an average time of 21 days. At laparotomy, impacted bile duct stones were found in 2 (3%) and liver histology revealed regeneration of liver cells. These findings suggest that marked elevation of serum transaminase in patients with acute gallstone disease might be due to an acute inflammatory liver cell injury caused by impacted bile duct stones or migrating stones, which would be transient and reversible after early resolution of the bile duct obstruction.

Acute Disease↗