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Biomedical subjects

M Iu Andrianova

Publications and source records attributed to M Iu Andrianova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Use of plasmapheresis in the treatment of drug-resistant cardiac arrhythmias].

AIM: To study the therapeutical efficiency of plasmapheresis (PA) in patients with drug-resistant cardiac arrhythmias (CA) and its mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Discrete PA sessions were carried out in 56 patients with drug-resistant CA: paroxysmal atrial arrhythmia (AA), ventricular and supraventricular premature contractions, supraventricular tachycardia of various etiology. Biochemical blood values, coagulographic parameters, lipid peroxidation (LPO), the spectrum of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), the level of medium-sized molecules were determined, ECG monitoring, EchoCG, and left ventricular radioisotope computed tomography were performed before and after a PA session. RESULTS: PA was effective in 50% of cases. The duration of its effect averaged 3.0 (1.25-5.0) months. PA was more beneficial for patients with IHD, AA with normal left atrial dimensions, and hyperlipidemia. The duration of the effect was significantly higher when antiarrhythmic drug therapy was continued after PA. Due to PA, there were significant decreases in the blood concentrations of cholesterol, medium-sized molecules, malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and in the proportion of polyunsaturated NEFA. The antiarrhythmic effect was associated with the decreases in MDA and NEFA, with a tendency for a reduction in the rate of chemiluminescence. CONCLUSION: PA may be used in the treatment of drug-resistant CA. The most significant mechanism of its antiarrhythmic activity is to recover sensitivity to antiarrhythmics. The intrinsic antiarrhythmic activity may be associated with its effect on NEFA metabolism and LPO; however, its mechanisms await further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Myocardial metabolism and functional capacity in various types of cardiac reperfusion].

Myocardial metabolism and function were studied in 128 patients operated on under extracorporeal circulation for acquired heart diseases. Three groups of patients with different types of cardiac reperfusion were analyzed. Controlled (one- and two-stage) reperfusion was carried out with hyperosmotic unified solution 7 minutes before the beginning of blood recirculation and with perfusate after restoration of blood circulation. Reperfusion was spontaneous with perfusate alone in the control group. It was shown that the use of controlled reperfusion permit the negative action of oxygen and thermal shocks on the cold anoxed myocardium to be largely overcome. This is manifested by rather rapid reorganization of myocardial cells to the aerobic pathway, by inhibited activation of free oxygen radicals, by normalization of fluid-and-electrolyte balance, etc. Two-stage reperfusion was most effective in preventing myocardial metabolic disorders, as evidenced by more rare defibrillation to restore cardiac rhythm and less catecholamine uptake than those with one-stage and especially spontaneous reperfusion. With the latter, myocardial metabolic and functional disturbances were more severe and could be corrected only by the end of an operation.

Heart↗
PubMed1991

[An experimental study of biomaterials resistant to calcinosis and thrombosis].

Creation of hemocompatible materials resistant to calcinosis for plastic cardiosurgery call for employment of combined methods of their evaluation in experiment. The present study deals with some biochemical and physico-chemical aspects of biomaterial calcification inhibition on reduction of their porosity by means of N-vinylpyrrolidone, and also on immobilization of diphosphonates, phosphonates, and anti-aggregants. The method of radiation copolymerization was employed for immobilization of active agents. The effects of different biotissue specimens of varying modifications (pig aortal valves and cattle pericardium) and of Lavsan (polyethyleneterephthalate) on coagulation factor activation were studied in vivo (in goat) and in vitro. The specimen surface was inspected prior to and after the contact with blood and plasma using the techniques of scanning electron microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of the modifications on the calcium and phosphorus accumulation were studied after subcutaneous implantation of the specimens to rats, and the aggregating capacity of blood platelets was determined in incubation of Lavsan treated with an anti-aggregant. Combined studies revealed the optimal modification routine and the most active agents enabling one to obtain biomaterials that not only are resistant to calcification but also possess good hemocompatibility.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1987

[X-ray features of fibrous osteodystrophy and osteomalacia in patients with chronic renal insufficiency under present-day treatment].

The authors present the results of clinicoroentgenological and biochemical investigations in 102 patients with chronic renal insufficiency after hemodialysis and in 76 patients after kidney transplantation. The nature of secondary hyperparathyroid fibrous osteodystrophy and osteomalacia as main symptoms of nephrogenic osteodystrophy (NO), their interrelation and correlation are analysed. Of 178 patients pathological changes of the bone system were revealed in 94 (52.9%). The combination of fibrous osteodystrophy and osteomalacia (22%) is regarded as a contraindication for parathyroidectomy. Effective kidney transplantation does not prevent NO though its specificity changes: osteomalacia is more marked, osteonecrosis and soft tissue calcification are more common. The chief method of radiodiagnosis of NO is routine radiography of the skeleton supplemented by small feature contact radiography and x-ray image color analysis on the UAR and TELEVAN TV units. Comparative roentgenodensitometry of the bones and CT of the parathyroid glands contributed to obtaining objective information but was of applied value.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Water purification for hemodialysis].

An electrodialysis system has been designed to purify water. It comprises two units: a preliminary preparation unit and an electrodialysis one. The system consists of columns containing zeolite, activated carbon, and ion-exchange resins. Zeolite makes water free from mechanical impurities and iron, activated carbon adsorbs organic matter and chlorine ions, ion-exchange resins soften water. The electrodialysis unit is noted for its original design. Mathematical simulation has allowed the authors to optimize the design and to make a block that makes the process continuous without repolarization, which can decant the minimum levels of salt concentrates, thus decreasing energy supply to 2 W per liter. The unit is made as a pressure filter design having the platinum-titanium electrodes and membranes MK-40 and MK-45 made in Russia. The system operates automatically. Its all components are made in Russia.

Charcoal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Free radical damage in the transplanted liver].

The activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO), antiradical characteristics, content of sodium, potassium, magnesium, total and ionized calcium, copper, zink and iron in blood were studied in 12 patients in the course of ortotopic transplantation of the liver. The duration of the operation was on the average 11.5 +/- 1.5 hours, liver-free period 16.4 +/- 52 minutes, blood loss 7.2 +/- 2.5 l. It was discovered that in the liver-free period and in liver reperfusion there was a prominent shift of free radical and antioxidant properties, content of macro- and trace elements of blood. Because the studied parameters returned to the baseline level to the end of the operation the metabolic shifts are thought reversible.

Electrolytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Metabolic aspects of reperfusion syndrome in patients with chronic ischemia of the lower limbs after surgical revascularization].

24 patients with chronic lower limb ischemia were examined during arterial reconstructive surgery and on the first postoperative day. The parameters of acid-base balance, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system were measured in arterial and venous blood to determine laboratory criteria of the reperfusion syndrome. The arteriovenous oxygen difference decreased after revascularization while chemiluminescence emission, malonic dialdehyde concentration, antioxidant activity coefficient and medium-weight molecules elevated. On the first postoperative day all these parameters recovered but remained higher than their baseline values. These data illustrate excessive production of free oxygen radicals after limb revascularization, which contributes to reperfusion syndrome. Since determination of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity is a time-consuming work, levels of medium-weight molecules content in plasma may indicate reperfusion damage to the limb.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Monitoring urea content during hemodialysis].

The urea content monitoring during hemodialysis enables the feed-back within the system "patient--artificial kidney--patient". The existing methods of determining the concentration of urea in the dialyzing solution require an expendable reagent, i.e. urease, they are discrete and need often a calibration. The electrochemical urea analyzer, worked out by the authors, is easy in use, it provides a continues information about the urea concentration and does not virtually need any calibration. Besides, the plotter, belonging to the set, provides the graphic information about the dynamic changes of urea content.

Creatinine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Practical aspects of cardioplegia].

Concentrations of the ingredients have been analysed in a nonstandard cardioplegia solution (CS) and CS from St. Thomas Hospital at the outset before CS introduction into the coronary vessels of patients under cardioplegia. It has been shown that the use of nonstandard CS was accompanied by undesirable variability in ingredient concentration, which to some extent may be accounted for by the use of incompletely unfrozen CS. The use of CS from St. Thomas Hospital could be accompanied by moderate hypermagnesiumemia, which did not lead to the onset of vascular insufficiency. It is stressed that plasma magnesium content should be controlled when this CS is used.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemodialysis with biological object].

The essence of the method of biodialysis (hemodialysis with biological object) developed and suggested by the authors for clinical use consists in that the healthy organism exerts, through a system of mass transfer, a therapeutic action on the sick organism. Blood from the affected and healthy organisms is perfused through individual mass exchangers (dialyzers, hemodiafilters and hemofilters), which are hydraulically connected by a circulating transport medium. Metabolites that accumulate in blood of the affected organism diffuse into the transport medium and, from there, into blood of the healthy organism, which metabolizes them. The reverse process occurs simultaneously: substances, whose concentration in blood of the sick organism is less versus the healthy organism, diffuse from blood of the healthy organism to blood of patient. The method suggested by us can be used in clinical practice for normalizing a variety of parameters in patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency. Besides, a number of substances can be transferred from the healthy donor to patient in the process of biodialysis, which opens promising potentialities for the treatment of many diseases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of clinical use of cardioplegic solutions custodiol and konsol in the correction of cardiac valvular diseases].

The efficiency of myocardial protection with cold crystalloid cardioplegia (CC) during operations on the heart under total ischemia and extracorporeal circulation was studied. Two hundred and fifty patients who underwent prosthetic or plastic repair of the aortic and mitral valves or plastic repair of the tricuspid valve were examined. Group 1 comprised 218 patients in whom the myocardium was protected with Konsol solution ("Biofarm "research-and-production enterprise, Russia); Group 2 included 32 patients in whom Custodiol solution ("Dr Franz Kohler Chemia GMBH", Germany). The volume of the Konsol solution required for CC was 400-2000 ml, with the duration of myocardial ischemia (MI) being 75 +/- 33 min; that of the Custodiol was 2000-4000 ml, with the duration of MI being 80 +/- 22 min. The used algorithm of administration of the solutions provided a persistent cardioplegic effect in both groups. After aortic declamping, there was a spontaneous recovery of cardiac performance in 84 and 40% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. In the reperfusion period (RP), no significant differences were found in the basic hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, and central venous pressure) in both groups. After defect correction, cardiac output equally increased in both groups. The groups did not differ in the rate of inotropic support either. In RP, transient cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances occurred in 19 and 28% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively.

Cardioplegic Solutions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dialysis-Control apparatus for optimization of hemodialysis procedure].

Dialysis-Control apparatus for noninvasive monitoring of hemodialysis parameters is described. The monitoring procedure is based on electrochemical measurement of the content of organic substances in salt-containing liquid. The Dialysis-Control apparatus provides timely assessment and correction of hemodialysis procedure and ensures adequacy of the delivered treatment, which leads to improvement of dialysis treatment quality.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Soviet colloid modegel as a component of a perfusion medium used in surgery with extracorporeal circulation].

The results of the application of a new Soviet colloid solution modegel in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in 50 patients have been analysed. The data obtained have been compared to those of control patients who were administered gelatinol instead of modegel. Modegel ensures optimal basic plasma electrolyte content, colloid-osmotic pressure and osmolality during perfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the changes in the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in heart surgery patients].

Changes in 2,3-DPG level have been studied in cardiosurgical patients. It has been shown that 2,3-DPG concentration increase, as a moderately fast mechanism in a common model of tissue pO2 regulation, is observed in almost half of patients with acquired heart valve defects. An increase in 2,3-DPG level and P50 value leading to a decrease in hemoglobin affinity to oxygen has been found in one third of patients. It has been established that 2,3-DPG level and P50 value are, as a rule, normal in patients with mitral stenosis, acyanotic congenital heart valve defects and ischemic heart disease. In a number of patients with mitral stenosis an increased Hb concentration, as a slow mechanism of hypoxia compensation in the model of tissue pO2 regulation, is a prevailing mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The content of calcium and magnesium in official Soviet solutions used in extracorporeal circulation, anesthesia and resuscitation].

Total calcium (CaT) and total magnesium (MgT) levels have been determined in 21 solutions used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and manufactured in the USSR. It has been found that a great number of solutions differ in CaT content from human plasma. Some solutions contain Ca, which is not required by the prescription. Even in one and the same lot solutions vary greatly in Ca content (gelatinol). A large number of the solutions tested does not correspond to blood in MgT content, either. Like Ca, this parameter is quite unstable. Such differences in CaT and MgT levels practically in all standard Soviet-made solutions make it impossible to determine accurately precise amount of the solution required. The optimal way of hypercalcemia and hypermagnesiuemia prevention is the elaboration of the solutions identical to blood in their Ca and Mg content, or the use of colloids, practically free of electrolytes (hexaethyl starch).

Anesthesia↗