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Biomedical subjects

M Iwafuchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Iwafuchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Development of the motor activity of the rat gastrointestinal tract by in vitro measurement.

To clarify the postnatal developmental changes of the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract, the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous intraluminal pressure of the isolated stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of the 1- to 5-week-old rat and adult (over 12 weeks old) were examined in vitro. The spectral frequencies of the spontaneous motor activity of 1- to 2-week-old rat were significantly lower than those of the adult. They became similar to the values of the adult at 3-4 weeks after birth. The amplitudes of spontaneous motor activity of 1- to 3-week-old rats were significantly smaller than those of adults. They became similar to the values of adults at 4 weeks after birth. Body weight, stomach wet weight and the length of the total intestine increased gradually and they were still below the values of the adult even at 5 weeks after birth. The stomach was filled with just milk until the end of 2 weeks. However, by the end of 3-4 weeks, milk and solid food were found in the stomach. By the end of 5 weeks, just solid food was seen in the stomach. Therefore, the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract at birth seems immature and gradually develops postnatally. It seems to be mature by the end of 3-4 weeks after birth. Interestingly, the time of the pacemaker or motor maturity of the gastrointestinal tract according to spontaneous frequency or pacemaker activity and amplitude seemed almost consistent with the weaning time.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Clinico-pathological studies on a transitional type between extrahepatic biliary atresia and paucity of the interlobular bile ducts.

Among the neonatal and infantile cases of obstructive jaundice seen at Niigata and Yamagata University Hospitals between 1976 and 1990, extrahepatic bile ducts were visualized in 19 cases by either preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) or intraoperative cholangiography. Neonatal hepatitis was diagnosed in 3 of these cases by clear images of the bile duct system extending from the common bile duct to the intrahepatic bile duct. In 7 cases, the common bile duct was able to be seen, while the common hepatic duct was only slightly visualized. Four of these 7 cases were consistent with paucity of the interlobular bile ducts (PILBD) based on hepatic histology, while the remaining 3 showed fibrosis, bile ductular proliferation, and many bile plugs in the bile ductuli of the portal areas, concurrent with histological changes in extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA), not PILBD. In 9 cases, only the common bile duct was visualized while the common hepatic duct was not seen, 7 of these 9 cases being consistent with type III-a1 EHBA. In 2 cases, neither fibrosis nor proliferation of the bile ductuli was observed in the portal areas, and portal areas without any bile ductuli were also seen, in accordance with findings for PILBD. Three cases which showed similar hepatic histological findings to EHBA despite the presence of patent extrahepatic bile ducts, and 2 cases which had obstructed extrahepatic bile ducts and hepatic histological findings similar to PILBD, were thought to be of a transitional type between EHBA and PILBD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Diagnostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen for myogenic tumors of the stomach.

The histological diagnosis of gastric leiomyosarcoma and the grading of its malignancy are based on anaplasia, mitotic counts, cellularity, etc, but generally are subjective. To establish more objective criteria, a monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), PC10, which is a marker for proliferative activity of tumors, was applied to 21 myogenic tumors of the stomach (14 leiomyomas and 7 leiomyosarcomas) fixed in formalin. The reaction-time (1-4 minutes) for the staining was decided section by section, under direct observation of its inner controls. The PCNA labeling index of the proliferative zone of the normal fundic gland in each tumor-containing section showed no significant difference among three groups with different formalin fixation times (5 cases fixed 3 days or less, 10 cases fixed 4-10 days and 6 cases fixed 11 days or more), when their inner controls stained well. The PCNA labeling index of 7 leiomyosarcomas was higher than that of 14 leiomyomas (P < 0.01), and correlated well with the mitotic index (r = 0.98). An 8 mm cellular leiomyoma revealed a PCNA labeling index as high as that of low-grade leiomyosarcoma. It is concluded that PCNA staining is a useful indicator to distinguish leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma and grade the malignancy of leiomyosarcoma, and that small leiomyosarcoma may be diagnosed as cellular leiomyoma in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections, because of low grade atypia in the early phase.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1992

Carcinoids and endocrine cell micronests of the minor and major duodenal papillae. Their incidence and characteristics.

BACKGROUND: There have been no reports about the incidence and characteristics of carcinoids and endocrine cell micronests (ECM) of the minor and major duodenal papillae. METHODS AND RESULTS: The minor and major duodenal papillae of 78 consecutive autopsy and 117 surgical specimens were examined histologically using mirror-image paraffin-embedded tissue samples. ECM were found frequently in these areas in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, and their aggregation patterns were classified into four types: nodular type (Type 1, 2 of 167 in the minor papilla and 1 of 145 in the major papilla), scattered type (Type 2, 39 of 167 and 6 of 145), orifice type (Type 3, 7 of 167 and 0 of 145), and islet-like type (Type 4, 14 of 145 and 0 of 145, respectively). Criteria of neoplastic or nonneoplastic ECM were defined tentatively by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of the ECM. Type 4 was regarded to be atrophic or regenerating islets of Langerhans. Distinct carcinoids (Type 1), neoplastic ECM (39% of all Type 2 and 3), and nonneoplastic ECM (61% of all Type 2 and 3) were found in 1.2%, 9.0%, and 16.2% of 167 samples of the minor papilla and 0.7%, 1.4%, and 2.8% of 145 specimens of the major papilla, respectively. The endocrine cells composing the carcinoids and the ECM usually were immunoreactive for somatostatin and/or pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They were negative for S-100 beta. CONCLUSION: In duodenal papillae, especially in the minor duodenal papilla, carcinoids and ECM seem to occur more frequently than generally thought, and predominantly consist of somatostatin and/or PP containing cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Histologic follow-up of ampullary adenomas in patients with familial adenomatosis coli.

BACKGROUND: The major duodenal papilla is a common site of extracolonic adenoma in patients with familial adenomatosis coli (FAC). However, there have been no reports which have systematically discussed histologic change in atypia of ampullary adenomas with time by their location in the papilla. METHODS AND RESULTS: The major duodenal papillae of 23 patients with FAC were followed endoscopically and histologically for an average of 7.7 years (range, 1 year to 14 years 7 months). Tubular adenomas were detected histologically in 17 of the 23 patients at the first (14) or following examinations (3). They occurred in the orifice and/or ampulla in 11 patients and in the surface of the papilla in 8 patients. Three of the 11 orifice and/or ampulla adenomas contained moderate to severe atypia. There was no histologic change in atypia or malignant transformation during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In the patients with FAC, the major duodenal papilla had adenoma, i.e., precancerous lesion, at a high incidence (74%), and it is reported that the ampulla of the papilla tended to have extracolonic carcinoma. Therefore, it is necessary to follow duodenal papillae of patients with FAC carefully and take biopsy specimens repeatedly from various sites, especially from the orifice or ampulla even if the papilla seems to be normal.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

An experience of cell sorting using samples isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue of neuroblastoma.

Flow cytometric DNA content analyses were performed on samples from 72 patients with neuroblastoma. Nuclear suspensions obtained from paraffin-embedded samples were prepared using the method described by Schutte et al. Determination of DNA ploidy was possible in 62 out of 72 patients. DNA diploidy was detected in 23 (37.1%) and DNA aneuploidy was found in 39 (62.9%) of these 62 patients. Cell sorting was performed on two peak areas of the DNA histogram of samples with aneuploidy. The sorted cells of the first peak area were composed of small round cells and were considered to be normal lymphocytes. The sorted cells of the second peak area were composed of relatively large cells with obvious nucleoli and were considered to be neuroblastoma cells. Thus, two cell components could be distinguished by cell sorting. It is concluded that cell sorting may be of benefit in giving detailed information about DNA histograms, even in samples obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1992

Therapeutic significance of surgery in advanced neuroblastoma: a report from the study group of Japan.

The role of surgery was evaluated in 19 stage III and 102 stage IV neuroblastoma patients, all of whom were treated with intensive induction chemotherapy by the Study Group of Japan between January 1985 and March 1990. For stage III neuroblastoma, surgical intervention at the primary site was performed in 18 of the 19 patients, 9 during and 9 after the first three cycles of A1 regimen, consisting of high-dose cyclophosphamide, vincristine, THP-adriamycin, and cis-platinum. Gross complete resection of primary tumor and regional lymph nodes was feasible in 17 of the 19 patients (89%), and the survival rate for the 17 patients were 79%, 70%, and 70% at 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years, respectively. For stage IV, surgical intervention at the primary site was performed in 92 of the 102 patients (90%): 30 cases during the first 3 cycles of A1 chemotherapy and 62 cases after that, with gross complete resection accomplished in 81 of the 102 patients (79%). The 81 patients with gross complete resection achieved had a better prognosis than those 11 patients with partial resection (P less than .05). Overall survival rate was 62% at 2 years for 27 patients who underwent complete resection after 3 cycles of A1 when resolution of all metastases was obtained, whereas the survival was 52% at 2 years for 31 patients who similarly underwent complete resection but when evidence of persistent metastases was present. Patients in whom the ipsilateral kidney was preserved at surgery had an outcome superior to that of those with associated nephrectomy (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal myoelectric activity and contractile motility in dogs with a reversed jejunal segment after extensive small bowel resection.

To evaluate the functioning and effectiveness of a reversed jejunal segment after extensive small bowel resection, we continuously measured the postoperative bowel motility (using bipolar electrodes and/or contractile strain gage force transducers) in interdigestive and postprandial conscious dogs at 2 to 5 weeks after surgery. The fasting duodenal migrating myoelectric (or motor) complex (MMC) occurred at markedly longer intervals in dogs with a 20-cm reversed jejunal segment created after 75% to 80% extensive small bowel resection (group 3) than in dogs that received extensive resection alone (group 2) or dogs that underwent construction of a reversed jejunal segment without bowel resection (group 1). The MMC arising from the duodenum was often interrupted at the jejunum above the proximal anastomosis and did not migrate smoothly to the reversed segment or terminal ileum in group 3. In addition, brief small discordant contractions were frequent in the reversed segment and the jejunum above the proximal anastomosis in group 3. The duration of the postprandial period without duodenal MMC activity was significantly prolonged in groups 2 and 3. These results suggest that the transit time and passage of intestinal contents were delayed and that the periodical MMC was disturbed in group 3. The delay of transit time was due to prolongation of the interval between duodenal MMCs, the interruption of MMC propagation at the jejunum above the proximal anastomosis, the dominance of MMCs that followed the inherent anatomical continuity of the bowel, and discordant movements across the proximal anastomosis. Functional obstruction could be a potential problem in a 20-cm reversed jejunal segment inserted after extensive small bowel resection.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen. Report of a case with an immunohistochemical study.

A 81-year-old Japanese man with a splenic inflammatory pseudotumor is described. The pseudotumor was unchanged in size after one year of observation. Macroscopically, the lesion was a firm well-circumscribed 5.5 x 5 x 5 cm mass showing a yellowish-white cut surface. Histologically, it was composed of abundant mixed inflammatory infiltrates, predominantly UCHL-1(+) T and L26(+) B lymphocytes, plasma cells containing various immunoglobulin subtypes, and S-100 protein(+), and lysozyme and NCA(+) histiocytes, with a sclerotic stroma. Small numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils and foamy macrophages were admixed. The patient has remained disease-free for 14 months after splenectomy. Only ten splenic inflammatory pseudotumors have been reported in the literature. This paper adds an additional case, together with details of immunohistochemical polyclonality of each inflammatory cell population, confirming that this disease is a nonspecific inflammatory change.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Establishment of a human hepatoblastoma model in athymic nude mice. Producibility of fatty acid-binding protein, alpha-fetoprotein, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.

An athymic nude mouse model of human hepatoblastoma, designated HBL-2, was established. HBL-2 produced alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and the serum level in tumor-bearing mouse was roughly proportional to the tumor weight. Reactivity of AFP to Concanavalin A and Lens culinaris lectins indicated that it contained predominantly fucosylated, non-bisecting N-acetylglucosamine as a sugar moiety. Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) was also found in both HBL-2 tumor extract and sera of tumor-bearing mice. The serum level, however, was not proportional to either the tumor weight or the value of the tumor extract. In addition, fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) was detected in approximately 40% of tumor cells and in tumor extract with polyclonal antibody against liver FABP. Thus, HBL-2 is an unique model of human hepatoblastoma, in that it produces FABP in addition to AAG and AFP.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on changes in low esophageal sphincter function after esophageal transection or esophago-esophagostomy in children].

An aim of the present study is to clarify the changes of esophageal function after surgical treatments of the esophageal varices or the congenital esophageal stenosis in children. Esophageal manometric studies were performed in sixteen children undergoing the esophageal transection with paraesophageal devascularization or the esophago-esophagostomy with partial esophagectomy before, within 1 month and over 7 months after the operation. The pressure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the length of LES, the LES relaxation test and the gastroesophageal reflux (GER) inducing test were measured. 1) Esophageal transection; The pressure dropped within 1 month and returned to the preoperative level over 11 months after the operation. Temporal deterioration of LES function was observed during the early postoperative days. However, return to the preoperative state was gained over 1 year. 2) Esophago-esophagostomy; The pressure and the length of LES were not changed after the operation. The LES function was disturbed preoperatively and moreover long postoperatively, in the case when congenital stenosis closely existed to the esophago-gastric junction. Degree of the postoperative disturbance of the LES function may be influenced by the distance to the part of the transection or the partial esophagectomy from the E-C junction.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of neuroblastoma: prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in unfavorable group.

Flow cytometric DNA content analyses were performed on samples of 54 patients with neuroblastoma. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 55.6% of the 54 patients. A high incidence of DNA aneuploidy was observed in patients with prognostically favorable variables such as age (less than 1 year), clinical stage (I, II, or IVs), and primary site (extraadrenal sites). DNA aneuploidy was predominant in surviving patients, even in those with unfavorable variables. In patients 1 year old or more, the survival rate among those with DNA aneuploidy was 58.8% compared with 28.6% in patients with diploidy. Likewise, in patients with advanced stage (III or IV) neuroblastoma, the survival rate among those with DNA aneuploidy was 63.2% compared with 30.4% in patients with DNA diploidy. It is concluded that DNA content analysis is of value in predicting the prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Peptide tyrosine tyrosine-positive ovarian carcinoid tumor arising from a dermoid cyst.

A case of ovarian carcinoid tumor of the trabecular type is presented. The small carcinoid tumor was found incidentally in a resected dermoid cyst. Histologically, the tumor was surrounded by a smooth muscle layer with focal stromal invasion. Non-carcinoid papillary mucosa and a few small glands, simulating the mucosa of the fallopian tube and remnant müllerian glands, respectively, were also present adjacent to the carcinoid tumor and enclosed by the same smooth muscle layer. The tumor cells revealed argyrophilia, and were positive for peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in the cytoplasm and for CEA in part of the luminal surface. This case was considered to be a rare ovarian carcinoid tumor arising from a dermoid cyst, without association of struma ovarii. PYY may be a potential marker for determining the histogenesis of ovarian carcinoid tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Chemotherapy and surgery for treatment of advanced neuroblastoma].

One hundred and forty-four patients with advanced neuroblastoma were entered in this study between January 1985 and August 1990. The eligible patients included infants younger than 12 months of age with stage IVA disease and patients aged 12 months or older with stage III or IV disease. The patients first received six cyclic course of regimen A1, and surgical removal was performed some time during these first six cycles. Survival rates were greatly improved; 81% in stage III and 54% in stage IV at 2 years, and 75% in stage III and 45% in stage IV at 3 years. The overall survival rates for those who achieved CR were 79% and 74% at 2 years and 3 years, respectively; while the rates for those associated with PR were much lower: 23% and 9% at 2 years and 3 years, respectively. Gross complete resection of primary tumor and regional lymph nodes was feasible in 89% of the patients with stage III disease and in 79% of the patients with stage IV disease. Patients in whom the ipsilateral kidney was preserved at surgery had an outcome superior to those with associated nephrectomy (p less than 0.05).

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Proposal and assessment of Japanese tumor node metastasis postsurgical histopathological staging system for neuroblastoma based on an analysis of 495 cases.

In 1971, the Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons' Committee on Malignancies proposed new criteria for neuroblastoma staging. It was fundamentally, based on the system of Evans et al. described in 1971. The main difference was the separation of stage IV disease into stages IV-A, with metastases to bone, orbita, distant lymph nodes and viscera other than liver, IV-B, the primary tumor extending over the midline and with metastases to bone marrow, liver and skin, and IV-S, which was the same as that of Evans et al. The new criteria did not include the resectability of the primary tumor, assessment of regional lymph node involvement or any other disease assessment resulting from therapeutic intervention. For the purpose of international usage, the Japanese system has been newly formulated and proposed as the Japanese Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) Postsurgical Histopathological Classification for Neuroblastoma. In the present report, 495 neuroblastomas, registered between 1970 and 1985, were analyzed retrospectively according to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM classification and the proposed Japanese TNM system. The analyses suggested that the Japanese system reflected both the extent of tumor invasion and its biological neuroblastoma characteristics better than the UICC TNM classification based on statistical analysis.

Follow-Up Studies↗