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Biomedical subjects

M Iwafuchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Iwafuchi.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Peptide YY immunoreactive cells in gastrointestinal carcinoids: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of 60 tumors.

The distribution and frequency of peptide YY (PYY) cells in 60 gastrointestinal carcinoids and in the nonneoplastic mucosa around the carcinoids were studied by an indirect immunoperoxidase method with anti-PYY serum. Additionally, the endocrine cell type of the PYY cells in appendiceal and rectal carcinoids was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. A few PYY cells were present in specimens of nonneoplastic mucosa from stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and appendix, with an abundance of these cells in rectal mucosa. Peptide YY cells were found in one of 13 gastric, one of 13 duodenal, one of one jejunal, zero of two ileal, three of 11 appendiceal, and 16 of 20 rectal carcinoids. All but one of the PYY-positive carcinoids were argyrophil carcinoids. Peptide YY cells in the gastric, duodenal, and jujunal carcinoids were present in small numbers. The three PYY-positive carcinoids of the appendix were composed almost totally of PYY cells, whereas those of the rectum generally contained only sporadic PYY cells. The peptide YY cells observed ultrastructurally contained almost round secretory granules (about 160 nm in average diameter), which were most consistent with D1(H) cell type granules with respect to shape and average diameter. This is the first systematic immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of PYY cells in gastrointestinal carcinoids.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1986

A neuroendocrine (Merkel) cell carcinoma with coexisting intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Its growth accelerated by an extrinsic factor.

A case of neuroendocrine (Merkel) cell carcinoma with coexisting intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma of the skin was studied histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally as well as with tissue-culture and transplantation into nude mice. The primary tumor found in the lower leg of a 68-year-old Japanese man had remained thumb-sized for five years and, after contusion, had begun to enlarge rapidly up to 5 cm in size during one month. The patient died of metastatic neuroendocrine cell carcinoma nine months after excision of the primary tumor. Histologically the primary tumor was composed of neuroendocrine cell carcinoma extending down to subcutaneous adipose tissue and a small amount of intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, not associated with a wide range of necrosis, hemorrhage, granulation tissue or fibrosis. The tumor cells of the former were diffusely positive for neuron-specific enolase. They contained a few secretory granules, 100 nm in diameter. The tumor cells both cultured in media and transplanted into nude mice died two months later. The present case is the first report of Merkel cell carcinoma in which the growth accelerated by an extrinsic factor was proved. Histogenesis of neuroendocrine cell carcinoma with coexisting squamous cell carcinoma is also discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

A case of carcinoma arising in the intrapancreatic terminal choledochus 12 years after primary excision of a giant choledochal cyst.

A 27-yr-old woman with carcinoma developing in the intrapancreatic terminal choledochus 12 yr after the initial excision of giant choledochal cyst with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is reported. Despite the generally accepted concept that the presence of bile is associated with malignancy in the remnant biliary ducts after excision of a choledochal cyst, this is the first report of a malignant growth developing in the terminal choledochus which had been free from the bile exposure long after the excision of the choledochal cyst. Long-term follow-up of the patient is advisable even after operation for primary resection of the choledochal cyst.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Characteristics of early carcinoma of the gallbladder--clinico-pathological study].

53 early carcinomas of the gallbladder in 46 cases were studied. They were surgically resected and limited to the proper muscle layer and/or Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus. 19 percent of them were pointed out by preoperative examination, and 34 percent during the operation. Finally, 85 percent of them were macroscopically with formalin-fixed materials. 53 carcinomas were composed of 14 protruded type carcinomas (26%) and 39 superficial type ones (74%). 21 tumors (40%) were pure flat (II b) type carcinomas and 17 (32%) were tumors having flat (II b) area. In the latter, flat (II b) area spread widely in the carcinoma lesion. The early carcinomas had areas of 0.01 to 80 cm2 (average 16.1 cm2). 29 percent of them occupied wider area than the half of the resected gallbladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hepatoblastoma producing both alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin. Clinicopathologic analysis of four cases and a review of the literature.

A clinicopathologic study was done of four cases of hepatoblastoma with precocious puberty, together with an analysis of 21 such cases reported in the literature. All four patients were males, the age ranging from 11 to 35 months. Three of the four patients died within 12 months after operation, but the fourth is living. Histologically, all patients had a hepatoblastoma with the coexistence of both fetal and embryonal type cells, although predominantly fetal in two and predominantly embryonal in the other two. Tumor giant cells were rarely encountered in all these cases. Both alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the serum or urine increased in our four cases and in five other cases reported in the literature. Though the serum AFP level paralleled the severity of clinical symptoms, the serum or urine hCG did not necessarily correspond to the clinical course. It is likely that these poorly prognostic virilizing hepatoblastomas secrete two different tumor markers, AFP and hCG, from different cells, and that these functioning tumor cells may not always exist concurrently in the recurrent or metastatic tumor.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1985

Endodermal sinus tumor of the stomach.

This is a case report of an endodermal sinus tumor arising in the stomach of a 72-year-old Japanese woman. The tumor showed Borrmann 2 type at the mucosal surface, and the main mass occupied the subserosal layer with outgoing extension. Microscopically, the tumor showed typical characteristics of the endodermal sinus tumor, associated with embryonal carcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Alpha-fetoprotein was detected in the serum of the patient by radioimmunoassay and within tumor tissue by immunohistochemical techniques. Ultrastructurally, a characteristic basement membrane-like material has been identified in intercellular spaces.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study on erythropoiesis in hepatoblastoma.

Eighteen cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in children were examined, and it was found that erythropoiesis exclusively appeared in the well differentiated type of hepatoblastoma. In such foci large immature erythroblasts were found among the tumor cells, whereas mature forms tended to gather in the subendothelial spaces or within sinusoids. Desmosome-like attachments were frequently found between immature erythroblasts and tumor cells. The tumor cells were well differentiated and had a distinct polarity. The erythropoietic foci were never found in lymph nodes, spleens and in the non-neoplastic hepatic tissues obtained by surgery or autopsy. Erythroblastic cells did not show an increase in number in the bone marrows. These findings indicate that hepatoblastoma cells in certain stages of differentiation have the capacity to induce the differentiation of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells into the cells of erythrocytic series, or that the microenvironment composed of one or more tumor cells offer good soil for the differentiation of erythroblastic cells. There seems to be no intimate relationship between the production of alpha-fetoprotein by tumor cells and the appearance of erythropoiesis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1985

Diffuse panbronchiolitis with multiple tumorlets. A quantitative study of the Kultschitzky cells and the clusters.

An autopsy case of diffuse panbronchiolitis with incidentally observed multiple tumorlets was reported. Quantitative study revealed the distribution and number of single Kultschitzky cell and its cluster. These cells were more frequently observed in the present case than in 20 control cases, and moreover, they tended to occur more frequently in the pulmonary segment in which tumorlets were found and there was an apparent transition of them into tumorlets. Immunohistochemically, gastrin-releasing peptide, calcitonin, and serotonin were demonstrable in the cells which consisted of both tumorlets and Kultschitzky cell clusters. It is suggested that the Kultschitzky cell is a precursor cell of the tumorlet and that tumorlet is benign, being hyperplastic in nature.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Advances and current topics in the study of metabolism and nutrition of pediatric patients].

Scientific meetings on surgical metabolism and nutrition in pediatric patients have been held 13 times, once a year since 1971 as an evening session of the annual meetings of Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons. The initial meeting was established by several pediatric surgeons who were interested in surgical metabolism and nutrition, for the purpose of making progress and development in this particular field. At these meetings, many papers dealing with different problems on transfusion including total parenteral nutrition, on tube feeding nutrition including elemental diet, and on surgical metabolism related to adrenocortical response to surgical stress have been up to date presented and discussed. Problems on total parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients were picked up 3 times, and its indication, nutritional compositions including minerals and vitamins in addition to carbohydrates, amino acids and fat emulsions, managements and complications were discussed. At present, this method has been proved very important, necessary and safe in treating pediatric patients with disorders in the alimentary tract. Elemental diet is known to be more advantageous, namely more physiological and safer, compared with total parenteral nutrition. Incomplete compositions and high osmotic pressure of this nutrients are, however, disadvantageous to be improved in the future.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Multiple gastric carcinoids occurring in atrophic fundic mucosa].

A 49-year-old man with iron deficiency anemia and achlorhydria was found to have a carcinoid 7 X 4 mm in the upper corpus of the stomach. The subtotally resected stomach histologically revealed 20 carcinoids measuring 0.1-7 mm in largest diameter and numerous argyrophil cell micronests at the base of the severely atrophic fundic mucosa. Some of the lesions invaded down to the submucosa. The antral mucosa was mildly atrophic. All carcinoids and micronests were non-argentaffin and argyrophil, and negative upon immunoreaction with 12 kinds of peptides and amine.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1981

Hepatoma in children--a clinical analysis on 15 cases.

In ten boys and five girls with hepatoma, evaluations were made as to the sex, age, pathologic findings, operation and prognoses. Ages at the time of operation ranged from 1 month to 12 years. In twelve, the tumors were successfully removed; 4 underwent left lateral segmentectomy, 4 right hepatic lobectomy and 4 trisegmentectomy. At least at the time of completion of this paper, eight of these 12 patients (66%) were alive including one patient with pulmonary metastases. Thirteen patients had hepatomas of massive type and 2 had nodular type. Histologic type of these hepatomas was hepatoblastoma in 14 cases and hepatocarcinoma (liver cell carcinoma) in one. These hepatoblastomas included 10 of the fetal type and 4 of the embryonal type. In five of 12 patients pulmonary metastases were detected after the hepatectomy. Four of these 5 patients underwent pulmonary surgery; one girl is alive with no sign of recurrence for over 8 years after surgery on both lungs. Histological examination of pulmonary lesions disclosed hepatoblastomas of an embryonal type, and such were not related to the histological types of hepatic lesions.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1979

Plasma glucagon changes in surgical patients.

We studied the effect of surgery on plasma glucagon (IRG) levels in 40 patients divided into 3 groups according to the severity of surgical stress. In the major and moderate stress groups, 30--100% IRG increases were noted one hour after the start of surgery. In these groups, IRG was increased in the lst to 7th postoperative days and there was a correlation between the amount of increase and the severity of operative stress. In the minor stress group, no postoperative IRG increase was noted. Our results indicate that the severity of operative stress had a direct bearing on the amount of intra- and postoperative IRG increase. We also discuss the origin of hyperglucagonemia in surgical patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment results of advanced neuroblastoma with the first Japanese study group protocol. Study Group of Japan for Treatment of Advanced Neuroblastoma.

PURPOSE: To elucidate the efficacy of intensive induction and consolidation chemotherapy regimens (Study Group of Japan for Advanced Neuroblastoma [JANB] 85) for patients with advanced neuroblastoma aged 1 year or older. PATIENT AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-seven patients with newly diagnosed advanced neuroblastoma were entered into this study between January 1985 and December 1990. Eligible patients were 12 months old or older with stage III or IV disease. The patients first received six cyclic courses of intensive induction chemotherapy (designated regimen A1) consisting of cyclophosphamide (1,200 mg/m2), vincristine (1.5 mg/m2), tetrahydro-pyranyl Adriamycin (pirarubicin; 40 mg/m2), and cisplatin (90 mg/m2). The patients were further treated with three different consolidation protocols: 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosour ea, dacarbazine, and bone marrow transplantation. RESULTS: Overall survival rates for patients with stage III disease without reference to the consolidation protocols were 80.8%, 76.9%, and 66.3% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The overall survival rates for patients with stage IV disease were 58.8%, 34.4%, and 28.9% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the three consolidation treatment groups. Patients who did not achieve complete remission (CR) with induction chemotherapy and surgery all died, suggesting that CR is essential for the cure of advanced neuroblastoma. The overall 5-year survival rate of the 24 patients with N-myc amplified stage III and IV disease was 33.3%, and the longest survival time of a relapse-free patient was 103 months. CONCLUSION: The intensive induction chemotherapy regimen used in this study may be of significant value in increasing the CR rate and survival for patients with N-myc amplified and nonamplified advanced neuroblastoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗