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Biomedical subjects

M Iwase

Publications and source records attributed to M Iwase.

223 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Probucol reduces lysophosphatidylcholines in low-density lipoprotein.

OBJECTIVES: Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) comes into notice as an important atherogenic substance. METHODS: Since the effect of probucol, an antioxidative lipid-lowering drug, on LPC molecular species has not been elucidated, two LPC molecular species, stearoyl LPC (SLPC) and palmitoyl LPC (PLPC), were measured in LDL using high-pressure liquid chromatography. LDL was obtained from 11 hyperlipidemic patients, including 9 diabetic patients, in comparison with 11 age- and gender-matched controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hyperlipidemic patients showed nearly twofold higher levels of SLPC and PLPC per gram of LDL protein than those of controls. All hyperlipidemic patients were treated with oral administration of 500 mg/day of probucol for 3 months. Both LPCs in LDL were significantly reduced to control levels and were increased again up to the pretreatment levels 4 weeks after cessation of the treatment. Therefore, probucol has a potent effect in reducing LPC and may contribute to decreasing the atherogenicity of LDL.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood pressure changes associated with hyperinsulinemia or long-standing diabetes mellitus in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We studied the long-term change in blood pressures of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated neonatally with streptozotocin (STZ). Two-day-old male SHR were injected intraperitoneally with 37.5-75.0 mg/kg STZ or with vehicle as control. STZ-treated SHR were divided into mildly or severely diabetic groups according to the nonfasting plasma glucose level at age 12 weeks (the former less than 300 mg/dl, the latter greater than or equal to 300 mg/dl). In the mildly diabetic group (MD) (n = 5), body weight increased and nonfasting plasma glucose was normalized. At 52 weeks of age, fasting plasma glucose levels were lower than controls owing to hyperinsulinemia, and insulinomas were found in 60% of rats. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) as measured by a tail-cuff method, decreased after 40 weeks, and the mean BP from 44 to 52 weeks (188 +/- 4 mmHg) was significantly lower than that in the control group (209 +/- 3 mmHg, p less than 0.01). In the severely diabetic group (SD) (n = 6), hyperglycemia persisted until 52 weeks, although its severity became less marked. BP in the SD group increased after 36 weeks, and the mean BP from 44 weeks to 52 weeks (224 +/- 5 mmHg) was significantly higher than control (p less than 0.05). The present study demonstrated that hypertension was ameliorated in SHR associated with hyperinsulinemia, and deteriorated with long-standing diabetes mellitus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phosphate depletion with phosphate binder arrests the development of nephropathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus fed a high-protein diet.

The protective effect of phosphate binder (PB) on nephropathy was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) fed a high-protein diet. The rats were treated with vehicle or streptozocin neonatally. After 14 weeks, all rats were fed a high-protein diet (50% protein content), and in half of the diabetic rats the diets were supplemented with PB. At 24 weeks, the urinary excretion rate of albumin and kidney weight increased in diabetic rats, but decreased or tended to decrease in diabetic rats treated with PB. The elevation of urinary excretion rate of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, probably due to protein load, was also abolished with PB.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of ischemic stroke in normotensive and hypertensive diabetic patients with or without antihypertensive treatment: an 8-year followup study.

Although the impact of hypertension as a risk factor for brain infarction in diabetes mellitus is evident, the beneficial effect of antihypertensive therapy has not been demonstrated. Therefore, we designed a prospective cohort study to elucidate the effects of antihypertensive therapy on the development of ischemic stroke in diabetic outpatients. Two hundred forty patients, 219 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 21 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), without history of cerebrovascular accident were followed for 8 years, from January 1981 until December 1988, in our diabetic clinic. Forty-eight of 88 hypertensive patients had received antihypertensive drugs. Among 40 untreated hypertensive and 152 initially normotensive diabetics, 14 hypertensives and 11 normotensives required antihypertensive therapy during followup period. Twenty-three patients were dropped out because of the unidentified reasons. Cerebrovascular accident occurred in 24 patients (10%): 18 brain infarctions, 4 transient ischemic attack (TIA), 1 subarachnoidal hemorrhage, and 1 brain hemorrhage. The percent incidence of ischemic strokes in the hypertension-treated patients was 8.9% which was similar to the 8.1% of the normotensives. In contrast, ischemic strokes developed in 29% of the untreated hypertensives, being significantly more frequent than in the former two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that serum total cholesterol and male gender were independent significant precursors of brain infarction in diabetic patients. In conclusion, antihypertensive treatment decreased the incidence of ischemic stroke in diabetics. Serum total cholesterol turned to independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of nicardipine versus enalapril on plasma endothelin-1 in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

We compared the effects of dihydropyridine type Ca channel blocker slow-release nicardipine and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients (n=20). Nicardipine or enalapril was administered for 6 months by a crossover design. Nicardipine and enalapril comparably lowered blood pressure. Enalapril significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion in microalbuminuric patients, whereas nicardipine did not. Urinary beta2-microglobulin excretion was significantly increased during nicardipine treatment. However, both drugs significantly reduced plasma ET-1 as compared with pretreatment levels, close to that in healthy control (2.9 +/- 0.3 pg/ml in control, 4.8 +/- 0.3 pg/ml before treatment, 3.2 +/- 0.3 pg/ml during nicardipine vs before treatment p<0.05, 2.9 +/- 0.4 pg/ml during enalapril vs before treatment p<0.01). The decrease in plasma ET-1 was significantly correlated with the increase in natriuresis in normoalbuminuric patients treated with enalapril ( r= -0.82, p<0.01) but not in those treated with nicardipine. Although nicardipine and enalapril had different renal effects, both drugs equally suppressed plasma ET-1 levels in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.

Albuminuria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of enalapril on the cardiovascular response to treadmill exercise in patients with mild to moderate systemic hypertension.

The effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on exercise-induced changes in blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated in 15 patients in the early stages of systemic hypertension. Multistage treadmill exercise was performed before and after eight weeks of enalapril administration, and the results of the two trials were compared. In patients at rest, enalapril decreased systolic blood pressure from 172 +/- 18 to 147 +/- 14 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 99 +/- 9 to 88 +/- 8 mmHg (both P less than 0.001). In patients at peak exercise, enalapril decreased systolic blood pressure from 216 +/- 13 to 195 +/- 18 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 106 +/- 12 to 99 +/- 12 mmHg (both P less than 0.001). There was also a significant decrease in blood pressure during the recovery period after treadmill exercise. Enalapril reduced heart rate at peak exercise (P less than 0.05), but not at rest or during recovery. Thus enalapril alleviated the response of blood pressure to exercise in hypertensive patients and may help prevent hypertensive complications during daily activities.

Adult↗