Biomedical subjects

M J Avila

Publications and source records attributed to M J Avila.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Specific IgE antibodies to vespids in the course of immunotherapy with Vespula germanica administered to patients sensitized to Polistes dominulus.

Sera from a group of 12 patients with anaphylactic reactions to vespids were studied. Field observations and RAST values suggested that the offending insect was Polistes dominulus (PD). Specific IgE antibodies to PD appeared in all cases and to Vespula germanica (VG) in nine. Absorption studies in these basal sera showed that IgE antibodies to VG were due to cross-reactivity with PD. The RAST value to both venoms was higher after immunotherapy (IT) in six cases. IgE antibodies increased to determinants common to both vespids, and in 41% of the cases to specific epitopes of VG venom allergens not initially detected in the basal sera. In one case antibodies increased only to VG without a corresponding rise to PD. These results indicate that if the correct venom to which the individuals are sensitized is not administered IgE antibodies may appear which were not initially detected in the patients' sera. The levels of these antibodies declined during the course of IT.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Radiation doses.

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Animals↗

PubMed1990

Allergy to penicillin with good tolerance to other penicillins; study of the incidence in subjects allergic to beta-lactams.

Two hundred and eighty-eight subjects with a history of allergy to penicillin were studied for objective proof of their allergy. On the basis of skin tests, specific IgE antibody measurements and direct challenge tests. 64 patients (22%) were shown objectively to be allergic to one or more penicillins. The following tests were carried out: skin tests to benzyl-penicilloyl poly-L-lysine (BPO-PLL), minor determinant mixture (MDM), amoxycillin (AX) and ampicillin (AMP), in-vitro IgE antibody measurement to benzyl-penicilloyl (BPO) and AX and challenge with benzylpenicillin (BP), phenoxy-methyl-penicillin (PV) and amoxycillin. Forty-four cases were found to respond to benzyl or phenoxymethyl-penicillin, however, 20 were shown to be sensitive to amoxycillin and unresponsive to tests with other penicillins. The contribution that any individual test gave for establishing the diagnosis was 21.8% for skin testing with BPO-PLL, 9.3% with MDM and 12.5% with AX. Nine point three per cent were RAST positive to BPO and 1.5% to AX; 7.8% developed a positive response after challenge to BP, 7.8% to PV and 14% to AX. In 16% of the 64 positive cases more than one test was found to be positive. The challenge tests suggested that not all the penicillin-sensitive subjects had IgE-mediated reactions implying other immunological mechanisms. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of side chain-specific diagnostic reagents and challenge tests. Thirty-one per cent of the positive group or 6.9% of the total group would have been missed in this study using benzyl or phenoxymethyl-penicillin diagnostic reagents alone.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Cross-reactivity between penicillins and cephalosporins: clinical and immunologic studies.

Nineteen well-characterized penicillin-allergic patients were investigated for their sensitivity to cephalosporins containing potentially cross-reactive side chains. All patients were administered cephamandole parenterally and, if this was tolerated, a course of oral cephaloridine was administered. Only two patients responded to the cephamandole; none of the remaining patients reacted to cephaloridine. Benzylpenicilloyl RAST-inhibition studies with sera from three subjects who had not reacted to the cephalosporins demonstrated that cephamandole linked to proteins was capable of recognizing benzylpenicilloyl-specific IgE antibody. It is concluded that consideration of side chain structures can help to predict possible cross-reactions between penicillins and cephalosporins, but carefully controlled challenge tests are advisable before penicillin-allergic patients are treated with cephalosporins. In relation to cross-reacting potential, in vitro experimental studies are difficult to interpret and may in some circumstances overestimate the risk.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Targetry and radiochemical methods for the simultaneous cyclotron production of no-carrier-added radiopharmaceutical-quality 100Pd, 97Ru and 101mRh.

Target-dissolution and radiochemical methods were investigated to optimize the simultaneous production of radiopharmaceutical-quality, no-carrier-added (NCA) 3.63-d 100Pd, 2.88-d 97Ru and 4.26-d 101mRh. These radionuclides have potential as radiotracer labels and/or as short-range dose emitters for use with specific-function radiopharmaceuticals being investigated for radioimmunotherapy applications. Metallic Rh (100% 103Rh) and RhCl3 X 3H2O were used as target materials. After bombardment with high energy protons these targets were subjected to a combination of procedures (i.e. electrolytic dissolution, ion-exchange, and solvent extraction) in order to separate the desired radionuclides. The use of a single cyclotron target in combination with several radiochemical processes were investigated to simultaneously produce these radionuclides in high-specific activities and radiochemical forms suitable for radiopharmaceutical syntheses.

Palladium↗