Biomedical subjects

M J Bond

Publications and source records attributed to M J Bond.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

The measurement of dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger: an examination of the factor structure of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ).

OBJECTIVE: To conduct separate factor analyses of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R, TFEQ-D and TFEQ-H) scales and provide initial evidence of the construct validity of the obtained solutions. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey with a 12 month retest of a subsample of subjects. SUBJECTS: A total of 553 undergraduate university women with a mean age of 25.0 y. The retest sample comprised 64 subjects with a mean age at retest of 25.7 y. MEASUREMENTS: In addition to the TFEQ, age, body mass index (BMI), satisfaction with current weight, nutrition knowledge and current exercise level were recorded. RESULTS: Three restraint (strategic dieting behaviour, attitude to self-regulation, avoidance of fattening foods), three disinhibition (habitual susceptibility, emotional susceptibility, situational susceptibility) and two hunger constructs (internal locus for hunger, external locus for hunger) were identified. Initial evidence of the validity of these constructs was provided. CONCLUSION: The explanation of disordered eating behaviour is likely to be refined more by specific constructs, such as those presented, rather than by the more general constructs measured by the original TFEQ-R, TFEQ-D and TFEQ-H scales. Further examination of the factor structures presented is therefore encouraged.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Beyond Viagra. Psychological issues in the assessment and treatment of erectile dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: The availability of sildenafil nitrate (Viagra) has led to a significant increase in the number of men seeking treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). However, when Viagra is focused on exclusively, the psychogenic factors that may be implicated in the aetiology and/or maintenance of erectile dysfunction may be neglected. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the psychosocial context in which this distressing problem may manifest itself and to illustrate the potential value of psychological methods in both its assessment and treatment. Cognitive and behavioural strategies that have proven effective adjuncts to the medical management of ED are described. DISCUSSION: It is proposed that the appropriate evaluation and treatment of many cases of this problem needs to incorporate both medical and psychological management techniques.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

The accuracy of proxy ratings of life-style activities using the Adelaide Activities Profile.

The accuracy of proxy ratings with the Adelaide Activities Profile (AAP) has not been previously described. The current study sought to redress this situation by sampling spouses and adult children (the two most plausible classes of proxy), and by selecting healthy community dwelling people aged 65 years and over as index cases. The aim was to examine the level of agreement, and the nature of any disagreement, between index case and proxy AAP ratings. Data were obtained from 87 family units, of which 61 comprised husband, wife and adult child, while 26 consisted of husbands and wives only. Index-proxy agreement for the AAP scales was in general very satisfactory. Wives were more accurate proxies than their husbands, and both were more accurate than their children, although the latter were still adequate. Proxy accuracy was not further enhanced by age, sex, or frequency of contact with index cases.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Shared rheumatoid epitope as a risk factor in determining outcome in rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: A genetic component is thought to contribute to 30-40% of the expression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the HLA-DR4, w4 (B1*0401), w14 (B1*0404) genes (and associated shared rheumatoid epitope) constituting a substantial portion of this risk. AIM: Our objective was to determine the presence of these risk factors in a group of patients with RA and to correlate presence with disease outcome. METHOD: Forty-three RA patients who had been regularly assessed up to a ten year period since their initial entry into two gold treatment trials were studied. DR4, w4, w14 and shared rheumatoid epitope were determined on peripheral blood lymphocytes using flow cytometry and specific monoclonal antibodies. Disease outcome was measured by Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as a serological measure of joint inflammation. RESULTS: To confirm accuracy of the flow cytometric technique, DR typing and epitope status was compared with results obtained by genotyping in a subset of 14 patients. There was complete concordance between these two techniques for the rheumatoid epitope. However, concordance was not complete (both false positives and false negatives) for DR4, w4 and w14. Hence the presence of rheumatoid epitope was only evaluated further in the larger group. The presence of the shared rheumatoid epitope correlated positively with poorer outcome on serological assessment (p < 0.05). No significant correlation between HAQ score and rheumatoid epitope status was observed although a weak trend was noted. CONCLUSION: These studies suggest that determination of rheumatoid epitope status by flow cytometry may provide useful data concerning the long term outcome of patients with RA.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Clinical applications of the Adelaide Activities Profile.

OBJECTIVE: The Adelaide Activities Profile (AAP) was developed from the Frenchay Activities Index, and has been shown to be a valid measure of the lifestyle activities of elderly people. The goals of the current study were to illustrate the value of applying the AAP in the clinical setting, and to demonstrate the relationship of the AAP to the use of formal services. DESIGN: Data were collected as part of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA). A community sample, stratified by age and sex, was chosen to be representative of the elderly population of Adelaide, South Australia. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 1799 community-dwelling people aged 70 years and over. MEASURES: Lifestyle activities were assessed with the AAP, which provides measures of activity on four scales: domestic chores, household maintenance, service to others, and social activities. Participants were defined as users of formal services if they were active clients of any of the Domiciliary Care and Rehabilitation Services, Meals-on-Wheels, or the Royal District Nursing Society. RESULTS: Age and sex norms for the AAP were provided, and the clinical value of using these norms was illustrated by two contrasting case studies. Users of formal services had lower activity levels than nonusers for all AAP scales, particularly household maintenance and domestic chores. CONCLUSIONS: The AAP is a valuable addition to the standard battery of instruments used in the assessment of elderly people, and has clinical application as both a health outcome measure and an indicator of the need for intervention.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1998

Pain provocation tests for the assessment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

A double-blind trial was carried out to determine the sensitivity and specificity of three commonly used pain provocation tests for sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The trial involved 40 patients, all of whom reported pain when they were subjected to each of the three tests. Half of the patients (20) had the symptomatic sacroiliac joint injected with 4 ml of 1% lignocaine, whereas the other 20 patients received 4 ml of normal saline to the painful joint. The level of pain produced by each of the three tests was assessed pre- and posttest injection using a visual analogue scale of 0-100. If the pain could be suppressed by 70% with injection of either normal saline or 1% lignocaine into the symptomatic sacroiliac joint under image intensification, the test was considered to be positive for pain arising from the sacroiliac joint. None of the patients receiving normal saline had their pain suppressed to any significant degree, whereas those patients receiving 1% lignocaine had their pain suppressed sufficiently for the three pain provocation tests to have a specificity of 100% for each test and a sensitivity range of 77-87%. This study indicates that the three tests, when used in combination, have a high predictive value for pain arising from the sacroiliac joint.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Telepsychiatry: 'tele' yes, but what about the 'psychiatry'?

To investigate what is lost or gained in a psychiatric evaluation when it takes place via telepsychiatry we compared the interrater reliability between two psychiatrists interviewing 63 subjects in an observer/interviewer split configuration in telepsychiatry and same-room settings. The measures used were the BPRS and interviewer ratings from a semi-structured interview. Patients also rated their experience. There were some clear differences between the telepsychiatry and same-room evaluations. Despite these variations, diagnoses were as reliably made by telepsychiatry. Patient acceptance of telepsychiatry was high.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

A case-control study of biometry in healthy and cataractous Eritrean eyes.

The keratometry and axial length readings of healthy eyes (405 subjects) and cataractous eyes (63 subjects) from a sample of Tigrinians living in the Eritrean capital of Asmara were obtained. All subjects were at least 40 years of age. The mean keratometry reading for healthy eyes was 43.37 diopters (SD +/- 1.61), while that for cataractous eyes was 43.57 diopters (SD +/- 1.79). These values were not significantly different. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the mean ocular axial length for the two groups (healthy eyes; 23.03 mm, SD +/- 1.24: cataractous eyes; 23.34 mm, SD +/- 1.54). There was no correlation between age and the biometry readings of healthy eyes. Data from this study has been used to calculate a standard intraocular lens power for use by Eritrea's Blindness Prevention Programme during cataract surgery on this population (22 diopters at A constant 118.3). With this intraocular lens, 48% of patients will be within +/- 1D of emmetropia when left without spectacle correction; 73% will need a spectacle correction within +/- 2D to produce emmetropia.

Biometry↗

PubMed1996

Reducing the anxiety of children undergoing surgery: parental presence during anaesthetic induction.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to determine whether child anxiety could be reduced by the presence of a parent during anaesthetic induction. Secondary aims involved clarification of the effect of the timing of parental separation, the use of premedication, the seriousness of the surgical procedure, and the flow-on effect of parental anxiety on the level of child anxiety. METHODOLOGY: Subjects were obtained by approaching all parents of children aged from 1 to 8 years admitted for day surgery to a private hospital in Adelaide, South Australia during a 3 month period. Data pertaining to 74 children, representing a response rate of 80.4%, were obtained. Parents were instructed to rate the anxiety of their child for the period immediately prior to separation, and to then rate their own anxiety for the same period of time. RESULTS: Children accompanied during induction were less anxious than those who were not accompanied. Contrary to the belief that child anxiety might be reduced by allowing separation in the theatre holding bay area, it was demonstrated that child anxiety was higher in this group than when separation occurred in the ward. No relationship between premedication or operation severity and either child or parental anxiety was observed. However, parental anxiety was noted to be a significant predictor of child anxiety. Suggestions for a more detailed examination of the relationship between child and parental anxiety in future research were outlined. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that there are benefits in allowing parents to be present during anaesthetic induction. However, the potential negative effect of parental anxiety must be acknowledged before parents are allowed to accompany their child as a matter of course.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1995

The Adelaide Activities Profile: a measure of the life-style activities of elderly people.

A new instrument for the measurement of life-style activities of the elderly is described. The Adelaide Activities Profile (AAP) was developed in response to the shortcomings of the Frenchay Activities Index. The AAP was validated on a random sample of 1799 people aged 70 years and over, living outside of institutional care. Principal components factor analysis revealed four consistent factors from which four scales were derived; these scales were named domestic chores, household maintenance, service to others, and social activities. Analyses demonstrated the construct validity of the four life-style scales by showing them to be differentially sensitive to a range of domestic, health and social circumstances. It was concluded that the distinct and meaningful clusters of activities represented by the AAP scales should have broad application as health and social indicators.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1992

A retrospective analysis of infra-inguinal arterial reconstruction: three year patency rates.

Primary infra-inguinal arterial reconstructions were reviewed for primary patency and outcome of thrombosis in 144 patients. Distal anastomoses in these patients were to the popliteal artery and were above the knee in 63, below the knee in 53 and at the tibial level in 28. The treatment used was: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in 33 cases, PTFE with an interposition vein cuff in 29 cases, autogenous saphenous vein (ASV) in situ in 47 cases, and reversed technique in 26 cases. Life table analysis showed a 59% overall primary patency at 3 years. Patency rates of above knee anastomoses (65%) and below knee (61%) were statistically different from the tibial anastomoses (42%, P = 0.005). In both above and below knee popliteal anastomoses there was a statistically significant difference in the patency of ASV and the PTFE/vein cuff technique (P = 0.0006) but there was no difference between ASV and PTFE. There was no difference in patency rates for the various types of grafts with tibial anastomoses. Data were analysed at 3 years, taking into account the variables of smoking, diabetes or indications for surgery respectively and no difference was found in patency. The number and calibre of the run-off vessels did not influence patency significantly, hence anastomosis to any good quality vessel regardless of run-off is recommended. The poor results with the interposition vein cuff technique are unexplained but this study suggests that the technique should be reserved for anastomoses below the popliteal artery.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Place of death in South Australia. Patterns from 1910 to 1987.

OBJECTIVES: To portray the changes in the place of death of South Australians during the 20th century and to examine the effects of sociodemographic and cause of death variables. DESIGN: Data relating to 2566 deaths from 1910 to 1987 were extracted from the records of funeral directors. A comparison of our sample of deaths with State mortality statistics, in terms of age, sex and diagnosis, was made to assure the representativeness of the sample. RESULTS: The proportion of deaths which occurred at home decreased from 55.6% in 1910 to 26.2% in 1970, and thereafter about a quarter of all deaths occurred at home. Most of the "institutionalisation of death" was due to increasing proportions of deaths in public hospitals; by 1970 over two-thirds of all deaths occurred in hospitals. After 1970 death has been transferred from hospitals to nursing homes and inpatient hospices. Multivariate analyses indicated that the institutionalisation trend was present after taking account of confounders (age, sex, marital status, occupation, number of children, and cause of death). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality patterns are determined by social and demographic characteristics of those who die, the availability of hospital and nursing home beds, changes to health insurance schemes, and the emergence of hospice care and related services. Further study is required to determine whether patterns of terminal care are cost-effective and medically appropriate.

Cause of Death↗

PubMed1991

A randomised study of outcomes in a defined group of acutely ill elderly patients managed in a geriatric assessment unit or a general medical unit.

The aim of this study was to identify differences in the medical management and clinical outcome in a group of elderly patients admitted to a designated geriatric assessment unit (GAU) or to two general medical units (GMUs). A prospective randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 267 patients aged 70 years and over (mean age = 78.3 years). Following discharge from hospital, patients were followed up at three monthly intervals for a total of 12 months. At the time of discharge, no significant differences were found in inpatient management, length of stay, mortality rates, discharge rates to institutional care or utilisation of community services in patients admitted to the GAU and the GMUs. Similarly, no significant differences were found at three, six, nine, and 12 month follow up in case fatality, activities of daily living indices, mental health status, rates of institutional referral and the level of community service support in patients admitted to the GAU and the GMUs studied. These findings do not show any advantage for the unselected 70+ acutely ill elderly patient who is admitted to a designated geriatric assessment unit rather than to a general medical unit. Therefore, an admission policy to GAU, based solely on age 70+ is medically inappropriate and cost-inefficient. Evidence from other sources suggests that an age cohort of acutely admitted patients beyond 80 years may well have returned more optimistic findings for the GAU. In future, GAUs will require a more selective admission policy to maximise the benefits of their rehabilitative and interdisciplinary approach.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

Psychological responses to cancer: a case for cancer support groups.

This study investigates the responses of patients and their carers to the diagnosis of cancer. The reporting of stress by patients, using linear analogue scales, and their psychological distress, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire, indicated benefits for members of a community-based cancer support group. The responses of carers revealed that the impact of the diagnosis was as great on them as on patients. Various mediators were considered and age was found to significantly influence the reporting of stress. The limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Sweet's syndrome with multifocal sterile osteomyelitis.

Sweet's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by fever, leukocytosis, dense dermal infiltration of leukocytes, and painful indurated cutaneous plaques. We describe a 23-month-old male infant with the typical cutaneous manifestations of Sweet's syndrome and painful extremities that limited ambulation. Evaluation revealed multifocal sterile osteomyelitis of both tibia. After the institution of systemic corticosteroid therapy, the patient's symptoms resolved, and bone scans normalized. After one year of follow-up, the patient has intermittent recrudescences that resolve during corticosteroid therapy. Sterile multifocal osteomyelitis represents another clinical manifestation of Sweet's syndrome.

Dermatitis↗

PubMed1986

Use of rifampin with penicillin and erythromycin in the treatment of psoriasis. Preliminary report.

The addition of 5 days of rifampin therapy to a 10- or 14-day course of penicillin or erythromycin therapy has been shown to reduce greatly the rate of chronic streptococcal carriage. The empiric use of rifampin in combination with penicillin or erythromycin in nine of nine patients with streptococcal-associated psoriasis appeared to coincide with a marked improvement in their skin.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

A chronic epidemic of hysterical blackouts in a comprehensive school.

An epidemic of hysterical blackouts in a modern comprehensive school affected 60 teenage girls and three boys, who from September 1978 to June 1980 had a total of 447 blackouts. The chronic nature of the epidemic was unusual, and several reasons for this emerged. The visible impact of the epidemic was diluted by the large size of the school and because affected pupils used general-practitioner services and hospital departments in the neighbourhood. As a result, eight received inappropriate treatment for epilepsy, and this may have helped to establish the behaviour pattern within the school. In addition, a small core of eight girls with a high incidence of behaviour and family problems were repeatedly affected and may have acted as triggers for new cases. Once medical supervision was centered on one neurology outpatient clinic the epidemic gradually resolved.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Erythrokeratodermia variabilis in a patient followed through the first year of life.

Erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV) is a well-described entity consisting of transient erythematous areas and fixed hyperkeratotic plaques. Here, a white infant girl with EKV consistent with the classic form of the disease and several previously described variants is presented. This patient was first seen at 6 weeks of age and subsequently followed until she was 12 months old.

Erythema↗