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Biomedical subjects

M J Cline

Publications and source records attributed to M J Cline.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Induction of splenic granulopoiesis in vitro.

Murine spleen cells were cultured in vitro to study the induction of committed granulopoietic stem cell (CFU-C) proliferation and maturation. Marbrook-type diffusion cultures were established with and without the addition of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) and harvested at intervals up to 14 days for viable and differential cell counts, [3H]TdR autoradiography, and quantitation of CFU-C by the agar plate method. Without CSA there was poor cell viability and little proliferative capacity. In CSA-stimulated cultures there was a prominent rise in viable cell counts and [3H]TdR labeling indices rose from a mean of 2% at 0 time to 47% after 5 days in vitro. CFU-C increased by 70-fold in these cultures. Peak numbers of CFU-C, immature cells, and [3H]TdR-labeled cells occurred at about 7 days. Thereafter, mature granulocytes and macrophages predominated in culture. Because the liquid spleen cell culture system begins in a resting state and undergoes a wave of proliferative activity in response to CSA, it can provide a useful model system for studying phenomena associated with stem cell activation and differentiation in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Defective lung macrophages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Lung macrophages obtained by segmental lavage from three patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis were studied in vitro. The macrophages exhibited morphologic abnormalities including excessive lipid accumulation and giant secondary lysosome formation. These cells survived poorly in tissue culture, showed impaired chemotactic activity, and had decreased adhesiveness to glass. They phagocytized normally but had substantially decreased capacity to kill ingested Candida pseudotropicalis. Evidence was obtained that the macrophage defect was acquired and probably related to ingestion of the proteinaceous alveolar fluid. Peripheral blood monocyte function was normal in one patient and morphologic abnormalities were produced in normal monocyte-derived macrophages cultured with proteinaceous lavage material. These studies suggest that the lung macrophage in alveolar proteinosis is a defective cell as a consequence of an abnormal pulmonary environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Improved techniques for liquid culture of human and mouse bone marrow.

Previous studies using the in vitro diffusion chamber (Marbrook) have shown that bone marrow grown in this system will undergo limited stem cell replication and differentiation to mature granulocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. A series of studies with modified culture systems was initiated to improve cell production and committed stem cell (CFU-C) proliferation in vitro. Introduction of a continuous-flow system and a migration technique providing means of egress for mature neutrophils resulted in substantially improved performance. CFU-C were found to be capable of migration through a 3-mu pore membrane. These studies indicated that membrane surface area, culture medium circulation, and mature cell egress were among the conditions that could be optimized for maximum hematopoietic cell proliferation in suspension culture. The present observations also suggested that large-scale in vitro growth of mammalian bone marrow may be feasible.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Cellular interactions in the control of granulopoiesis.

We have examined several new techniques for studying cellular interactions in the control of granulopoiesis in vitro. Better in vitro growth of mouse bone marrow can be achieved by modifying standard diffusion chamber systems to allow continuous fluid circulation and cell migration. When certain organ fragments are added to such systems, enhanced granulocytic differentiation is observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Occult pulmonary haemorrhage in leukaemia.

Through gleeding into the lung parenchyma is responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with leukaemia pulmonary haemorrhage is seldom diagnosed during life. We diagnosed occult pulmonary haemorrhage in five leukaemic patients with unexplained infiltrates on chest roetgenograms by examining alveolar macrophages retrieved by bronchopulmonary lavage. Macrophage haemosiderin content was greatly increased in the patients with pulmonary haemorrhage as compared to normal and thrombocytopenic control subjects. Haemoglobin and intact erythrocytes in alveolar macrophages were taken as evidence of recent haemorrhage. Intrapulmonary bleeding may occur often in patients with leukaemia, and bronchopulmonary lavage offers a safe approach to diagnosis and allows for concomitant identification of pulmonary infection.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

Erythropoietin responsiveness in polycythaemia vera.

A liquid bone marrow culture technique was used to study erythropoiesis in polycythaemia vera. Three patients with the diagnosis of polycythaemia vera treated only by phlebotomy were compared to three healthy volunteers. Erythropoiesis in vitro was assessed by counts of nucleated red cells and 3H-thymidine incorporation into erythroid precursors. Human urinary erythropoietin was found to stimulate erythropoiesis in cultures from the polycythaemia patients as well as normals. The erythropoietin effect was blocked by a rabbit anti-erythropoietin antibody. These results suggest that some erythroid precursor cells maintain an intact erythropoietin response mechanism in polycythaemia vera. They also support clinical studies of this disorder indicating that some regulation by erythropoietin may occur in vivo.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1975

Intermittent neutrophil-monocyte bactericidal defects in a patient with sarcoidosis.

Reccurrent abnormalities of polymorphonuclear leukocyte and monocyte bactericidal activity were demonstrated in a patient with sarcoidosis. Defective function occurred during hypercalcemia complicating recovery from Listeria meningitis, and during separate, unrelated episodes of erythema nodosum, staphylococcal cellulitis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Leukocyte morphology, oxidative metabolism, degranulation, and content of myeloperoxidase and lysozyme were normal, but low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrable on one occasion. Despite defective bactericidal function of monocytes, the patient's macrophages killed bacteria normally. The relationship between an intermittent leukocyte bactericidal defect and sarcoidosis is unclear; however, further studies of leukocyte function in sarcoidosis patients with opportunistic infection are indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Endotoxin-induced release of colony-stimulating activity in man.

Six healthy adult volunteers were injected intravenously with Pseudomonas endotoxin (Piromen) to determine effects on serum colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Serum was assayed with a double-layer agar cloning technique using normal human bone marrow as the target cell preparation. A marked increase in serum CSA was noted after endotoxin administration lasting up to 180 min. The colonies formed in response to postendotoxin serum were smaller than those seen with leukocyte feeder layers but were otherwise morphologically normal. These studies suggest that granulopoietic humoral factors may be modulated in man by endotoxin administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Bone marrow transplantation in man.

Bone marrow transplantation is emerging as a viable therapeutic approach to a number of diseases that are usually or uniformly fatal. We review here recent experiences in bone marrow transplantation in man at UCLA and in various other institutions throughout the world. We examine marrow transplantation in immunodeficiency diseases, acute leukemia, and aplastic anemia and consider the problems of infection in the transplant recipients. The applications of tissue typing to marrow transplantation and immunologic manipulations, which may influence engraftment and graft-versus-host disease, are also reported.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

Pathogenesis of one variant of sea-blue histiocytosis.

Hematopoietic cells from three siblings of a family with sea-blue histiocytosis were studied using in vitro cell culture techniques, histochemistry, and electron microscopy. Sphingomyelinase activities in cultured fibroblasts derived from these patients averaged 18 per cent of control levels. Ultrastructural examination of the sea-blue histiocytes showed numerous acid phosphatase-containing inclusions with closely packed, concentrically arranged, membrane-like lamellae with a periodicity of approximately 45 A. The inclusions are thought to result from the spatial orientation of complex lipid molecules and water. These structures are consistent with secondary lysosomes and are similar to those seen in some cases of adult Niemann-Pick disease and other cases of sea-blue histiocytosis. Extraction of lipid did not alter the blue-staining characteristics of the histiocytes. Sea-blue histiocytes were seen in liquid bone marrow cultures but did not proliferate, suggesting that the mature sea-blue macrophage is a terminal cell. We propose that partial sphingomyelinase deficiency may be one cause of sea-blud histiocytosis.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1975

Mononuclear phagocyte proliferation, maturation and function.

The mononuclear phagocytic system is a continuum of cells beginning with the bone marrow monoblast and promonocyte, through the monocyte to the larger tissue macrophages and multinucleate giant cells. This system of cells is widely distributed throughout the body in the blood and bone marrow; the pleural, peritoneal, and alveolar spaces; the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and other parenchymal organs. The activity and composition of the cell varies with the level of maturation, changes in cellular environment, and with various cellular activities. The monocyte-macrophage group of cells plays an active role in defense reactions against certain microorganisms, and in the removal of dying cells and cell debris. They are an integral part of both the inductive phase of the immune response, and of cell-mediated immune reactions. In addition, they probably play a role in the defence against spontaneously arising tumours, in the control of granulopoiesis, and possibly in erythropoiesis.

Animals↗