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Biomedical subjects

M J Denyes

Publications and source records attributed to M J Denyes.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Self-care: a foundational science.

Further development of conceptual elements of the theory of self-care, one of the three constituent theories of Orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing, is reported. Five content areas of a practical science of self-care are identified; one content area, self-care requisites, is refined and developed. The nature of self-care requisites is reformulated; guides and standards for the expression of self-care requisites, examples of expressed self-care requisites, and a self-care practice guide are described. These developments are illustrated using the example of the requisite to maintain an adequate fluid intake.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Testing Orem's theory with Mexican Americans.

PURPOSE: To examine an ethnographic study using evaluation criteria for theory-testing through verification of personal experience. ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK: Ten theory-verification criteria developed by Silva and Sorrel (1992) for inductive methods of inquiry. SCOPE AND SOURCES: A 1995 ethnographic study conducted with Mexican Americans and conceptualized within Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing. Twenty Mexican American key informants were from 13 families. Primary data sources were focused observations and a series of ethnographic interviews. The study, purposes, methods, selected findings, confirmability and credibility of study findings, and relevance to Orem's theory are presented in the context of each criterion. FINDINGS: The purpose, design, analysis, and examination of results of the 1995 study sufficiently meet the 10 formative criteria. Because this study can be considered an example of theory verification research, findings are relevant to the development of Orem's theory. CONCLUSIONS: Through the use of theory-verification criteria, inductive methods of research can be used to test or verify theory. The testing of nursing theory with diverse populations is an important direction for continued theory development. Use of evaluation criteria can serve as a template for inclusion of diverse perspectives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The creation, validation, and continuing development of the Oucher: a measure of pain intensity in children.

This is the first article written by this group of authors/researchers who are collaborating on the development of the Oucher, an assessment tool to assist 3- to 12-year-olds describe the intensity of pain. The background and conceptual framework for its development, the research supporting the validation of the original Oucher, the research to create new ethnic versions, and the basic instructions for clinical use are described. In addition, several issues regarding the continued development and use of the Oucher are identified, including those relative to poster size and the gender and ethnicity of the photographed child. This article illustrates the precision and care needed to create clinically useful tools for obtaining information directly from young children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Pain assessment in children: theoretical and empirical validity.

Valid assessment of pain in children is foundational for both the nursing practice and research domains, yet few validated methods of pain measurement are currently available for young children. This article describes an innovative research approach used in the development of photographic instruments to measure pain intensity in young African-American and Hispanic children. The instruments were designed to enable children to participate actively in their own care and to do so in ways that are congruent with their developmental and cultural heritage. Conceptualization of the instruments, methodological development, and validation processes grounded in Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing are described. The authors discuss the ways in which the gaps between nursing theory, research, and practice are narrowed when development of instruments to measure clinical nursing phenomena are grounded in nursing theory, validated through research and utilized in practice settings.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1989

Self-care agency: conceptualizations and operationalizations.

This article traces the interactive process between theory and research as it has been used to clarify the concept of self-care agency, a key concept in Orem's model of nursing. Theoretical constructions of self-care agency that have emerged in the work of Orem and the Nursing Development Conference Group are reviewed. Operational measures of self-care agency are described, particularly with regard to their underlying theoretical formulations. Factorial structures for some self-care agency instruments are related to the components of self-care agency in Orem's most recent conceptualization. Dimensions of self-care agency that are consistently supported by research studies of this phenomenon are identified.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Health and illness self-care in adolescents with IDDM: a test of Orem's theory.

Orem's theory suggests that different self-care actions are necessary to meet requisites related to health (universal self-care) and illness (health-deviation self-care). The authors differentiate these types of self-care, propose hypotheses relating these concepts to other concepts in Orem's theory, and test them in a sample of adolescents with diabetes mellitus. As predicted, universal self-care is significantly related to a measure of the global health state, and health-deviation self-care is related to control of pathology. The findings provide direction for additional research and theory development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Integrating nursing theory, practice and research through collaborative research.

The advancement of professional nursing requires integration of theory, practice and research. One realistic mechanism to achieve this integration is collaborative nursing research. A collaborative experience between clinical nurse specialists and faculty researchers is described and evaluated. The collaborative research project focused on contraceptive nursing care and self-care conceptualized within Orem's theory. A major finding was that while job titles and settings of the participants differed markedly, role components were not disparate; rather, they were compatible and complementary. The collaborative project strengthened both the theory base for a primary care nursing practice and the practice base for faculty research and theory development efforts.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1988

Orem's model used for health promotion: directions from research.

Orem's theories of self-care and self-care deficit contain several propositions important to health promotion. This article presents results of tests of these relationships, which indicated partial support for the model. In an aggregate sample of 369 adolescents, self-care and self-care agency were significant predictors of health. This relationship held when health was defined as a general positive state of integrity and soundness, but not when it was considered as merely the absence of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing actions to prevent and alleviate pain in hospitalized children.

Nurses are confronted daily with the responsibility to care for hospitalized children in pain, yet the substantive knowledge base about that care and how effective it is remains extremely limited. Although there is initial evidence of effectiveness of several pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain relief approaches, little evidence of use or effectiveness in clinical nursing practice exists. To begin to address this knowledge deficit, two studies conceptualized within Orem's (1991) general theory of nursing were undertaken: one involving ethnographic interviews to determine what pain relief actions are taken by nurses with recognized expertise in caring for children in pain and another, follow-up survey to examine the frequency with which these actions are used by general nursing staff. Data about perceived effectiveness of the actions were also obtained. The results of these two studies of nursing actions to prevent and alleviate pain in hospitalized children document that nurses use a wide variety of creative methods to relieve pain. From interviews with the nurse experts both specific actions and action patterns and themes were identified. Furthermore, these patterns were congruent with methods of helping used by nurses as described by Orem. Results of this research currently serve as the basis for development and testing of nursing action protocols for alleviation of pain in hospitalized children.

Child↗