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Biomedical subjects

M J Glass

Publications and source records attributed to M J Glass.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A cis-acting element within the hepatitis A virus 5'-non-coding region required for in vitro translation.

Every picornavirus studied thus far has a sequence within the 5'-non-coding region that is required for internal ribosome binding and translation of the polyprotein. In an attempt to identify this region in hepatitis A virus we constructed a truncated hepatitis A virus (HAV) cDNA clone that contains the entire 736 bp 5' non-coding region (5'-NCR) and 754 base pairs of the viral capsid coding region (P1) under control of the SP6 promoter. In vitro transcription and translation of this transcript in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate yielded a protein product of about 29 kDa as analyzed by autoradiography following sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A series of mutations of this construct have defined a minimal sequence between bases 347 and 734 in the 5'-NCR that is required for efficient in vitro translation. The deleted constructs (D 523-734 and D 632-734) showed a reduced ability to translate in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system in comparison with the full-length 5'-NCR construct, pH1489. The translation of these deleted constructs was artificially restored by the addition of a 5'-terminal methylated cap structure, m7GpppG, to the RNA. This increase in translational efficiency could be competed away with cap analog (m7GDP) thus indicating that this region is required for cap-independent internal ribosome binding for HAV translation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

UVB radiation and DNFB skin painting induce suppressor cells universally in mice.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)3 from within the spectrum B (UVB) has the capacity to distort the induction of contact hypersensitivity (CH) in murine skin. A damaging effect of UVB on epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) appears to be universal in all genetically defined strains of mice tested. However, while UVB impairs the induction of CH in some strains of mice, it has no apparent effect on CH in others. Thus, a disparity exists between the effects of UVB on LC and on CH. This is a paradox because LC are generally regarded to serve as the antigen-presenting cells of the skin, placing them at the earliest stages of induction of CH. One possible explanation for this paradox has been that UVB-susceptible strains of mice may generate hapten-specific suppressor T cells, whereas their UVB-resistant counterparts may not, when their skin is treated with UVR and painted with haptens such as dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). This possibility was excluded by examining the capacity of UVR and hapten to generate suppressor T cells in several different inbred strains of mice. The results indicate that the induction of hapten-specific afferent T suppressor cells is a universal sequela to treatment of mice with UVB and hapten, irrespective of whether the mice display the phenotype of vigorous CH or not. Thus, the genetic basis of UVB-resistance does not reside in the ability of UVR to induce suppressor T cells. Rather, attention should now be focused on its ability to interrupt induction of effector mechanisms.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of lesional skin: mast cells from patients with systemic and nonsystemic mastocytosis.

Lesional skin mast cells from some patients with mastocytosis appear morphologically atypical; however, these subjective differences have not been quantified. Herein we describe an objective method for analyzing cutaneous mastocytosis mast cells by a combination of morphometric analysis and electron microscopy. By this technique, lesional mast cells from patients with adult systemic mastocytosis had a significantly larger mean cytoplasmic area (53.3 microns2), nuclear size (20.4 microns2), and granule diameter (0.81 micron) when compared with mast cells from adults with nonsystemic mastocytosis (36.3 micron 2, 15.4 microns2, and 0.67 micron, respectively) and normal age-matched control subjects (34.4 microns2, 14.1 microns2, and 0.67 micron, respectively). Lesional skin mast cells from infants with nonsytemic mastocytosis were very similar to adult nonsystemic mastocytosis mast cells but differed by several parameters from mast cells in adults with systemic involvement. This study demonstrates that there are quantitative differences between lesional skin mast cells from patients with systemic mastocytosis and those with nonsystemic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of human mast cells in normal skin and pathological cutaneous lesions.

Electron micrographs of human mast cells in normal neonatal and adult skin and in cutaneous lesions of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), hemangioma and mastocytosis were assessed by morphometric analysis. Using this quantitative histologic approach, adult skin mast cells were found to be significantly larger (47.7 microns 2 +/- 2.4 SEM vs. 38.3 microns 2 +/- 1.8 SEM, p less than or equal to 0.001) and have larger granules (0.63 micron +/- .02 SEM vs. 0.53 micron +/- .02 SEM, p less than or equal to 0.001) than infant mast cells while both mast cell populations had comparable nuclear sizes (13.7 microns 2 +/- 0.9 SEM vs. 14.3 microns 2 +/- 0.8 SEM) and numbers of cytoplasmic granules (72 +/- 4.0 SEM vs. 66 +/- 4.0 SEM). Morphometric analysis of mast cell infiltrates in the adult skin lesions of BCC and hemangioma revealed that these cells were larger than neonatal mast cells but were similar to normal adult controls. Cutaneous mast cells from 2 mastocytosis patients, however, had significantly larger mean cell surface areas (78.0 microns 2 +/- 3.4 SEM and 70.6 microns 2 +/- 3.2 SEM, p less than or equal to 0.001), nuclear areas (20.8 microns 2 +/- 1.1 SEM and 21.3 microns 2 +/- 1.2 SEM p less than or equal to 0.001) and granule diameters (0.82 micron +/- 0.4 SEM and 0.83 micron +/- .03 SEM, p less than or equal to 0.001) when compared with mast cells in normal adult skin and in the other pathologic lesions. No difference in the total number of cytoplasmic granules was observed in the different mast cell populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

In vitro functional reactivities of cutaneous mast cells from patients with mastocytosis.

Cutaneous mast cells from 3 patients with mastocytosis were evaluated for their morphologic characteristics and in vitro functional reactivities to different secretory agonists. By electron microscopy, mastocytosis mast cells appeared larger than normal skin mast cells, frequently had atypical, highly indented or bilobed nuclei, and each contained numerous, elongated cytoplasmic projections. Suspensions of mastocytosis mast cells were obtained from lesional skin biopsy specimens, and their response to both immunologic and nonimmunologic secretagogues was compared with mast cells from normal skin. Lesional skin mast cells had a net histamine release of 12.3% (+/- 1.3 SEM) and 31.1% (+/- 6.0 SEM) following stimulation with the purified human anaphylotoxin C3a and mouse monoclonal antihuman IgE antibodies, respectively. This specific release was similar to the responses observed in normal skin mast cells (11.5% +/- 4.5 SEM and 16.7% +/- 2.1 SEM, respectively). Mast cells from cutaneous lesions of mastocytosis also responded to the nonimmunologic secretagogues, morphine sulfate and calcium ionophore A23187 with a specific histamine release of 15.1% (+/- 1.2 SEM) and 39.8% (+/- 8.7 SEM), respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that mast cells from lesions of mastocytosis are morphologically atypical, but have a histamine content similar to normal skin mast cells and retain their functional reactivities to clinically relevant secretory stimuli.

Child↗
PubMed1984

The development of a successful non-university-based ambulatory in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer program: phase I.

Most of the current in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) programs are university-based. The establishment of a successful ambulatory IVF program in association with a busy, two-man general obstetrics-gynecologic practice is described. Seventy-one infertile couples were screened between February 1 and October 15, 1983. Forty-three couples were judged eligible for IVF-ET. Forty-three women underwent a single attempt at ET. The first 13 of these women underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with 150 mg clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and the remaining 30 underwent COH with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and hCG. One of the 13 patients who underwent COH with clomiphene citrate conceived but subsequently miscarried early in the first trimester, for an 8% pregnancy rate. There were 12 pregnancies among the 30 patients who received hMG and hCG, for a 40% pregnancy rate. Only three of these pregnancies miscarried in the early first trimester, and three of the nine viable pregnancies are twin gestations. The possible factors responsible for the high pregnancy rate with IVF-ET, using COH with hMG and hCG, are discussed, and the feasibility of its performance in a well-controlled, non-university program is demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Noninvasive testing vs clinical evaluation of arterial disease. A prospective study.

In a prospective clinical study involving 458 diabetic patients, the results of noninvasive testing procedures were compared with the findings obtained by clinical evaluation. The results of the study showed that nearly one third of the patients who gave no history of intermittent claudication were found to have arterial disease when tested. One fifth of the patients with what were considered normal physical examination results had abnormal results by noninvasive testing. When history and physical examination prove ineffective for obtaining a diagnosis of arterial disease, the use of noninvasive devices effectively rules out or confirms the presence of hemodynamically significant arterial obstruction. Not only can simple, noninvasive testing methods greatly increase the accuracy of clinical diagnosis for the presence of arterial disease, but the baseline data obtained can serve as objective indexes to follow the natural history of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of mucosal immunity in development of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine: workshop summary.

As the AIDS pandemic spreads, the importance of developing effective vaccines against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) assumes increasing importance. Since prevention of any disease is a preferred goal, extensive efforts are being devoted to development of an effective vaccine capable of preventing HIV infection and/or disease. Although many investigators are studying the systemic immune response to HIV, relatively little is known about the mucosal immune response to HIV. A workshop was held to identify the basic research issues in mucosal immunity which need to be addressed in order to rationally design an effective vaccine against HIV. This summary emphasizes the salient points of the papers presented and identifies the unanswered questions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗