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Biomedical subjects

M J Gleeson

Publications and source records attributed to M J Gleeson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A comparative study of calcium sodium alginate (Kaltostat) and bismuth tribromophenate (Xeroform) packing in the management of epistaxis.

A prospective study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of calcium sodium alginate fibre (Kaltostat) to petrolatum gauze impregnated with bismuth tribromophenate (Xeroform) for the control of epistaxes that require hospital admission. Forty patients presenting with severe epistaxis requring hospital admission were treated with either Kaltostat or Xeroform nasal packs. Allocation to either treatment group was made randomly. The composition of each group in terms of age, sex distribution, aetiology of epistaxis and severity of bleed was not significantly different. There was no significant difference in the efficacy or patient acceptability of either therapeutic agent. It is concluded that calcium sodium alginate fibre should be considered as an acceptable alternative to traditional gauze packing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Morphometric analysis of the cochlear nerve in man.

Fiber diameters were analyzed in the meatal segment of the cochlear nerve from 7 temporal bones obtained from 7 patients. Two patients had normal hearing for their age. Two had sustained noise exposure and one had presbyacusis of predominantly neural type. The cochleae displayed characteristic degeneration patterns. The other two manifested hearing loss of unspecified type. The fiber diameters ranged from 0.5 to 11 microns. The diameter distribution was unimodal in all seven nerves. The means of the diameters ranged from 4.2 to 5.5 microns. They were significantly different between patients with age-related normal hearing on the one hand and patients with noise induced hearing loss and neural presbyacusis on the other. The findings are discussed in relation to changes in nerve conduction speed and hearing loss; a possible correlation between the fiber diameter distribution and the tonotopical arrangement of the cochlea is suggested.

Cochlear Nerve↗
PubMed1992

Magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid gland using the STIR sequence.

The object of this study was to determine the efficiency of the short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence in the assessment of salivary disease. Sixteen patients with tumours either in or adjacent to the parotid gland were imaged using a 1.5T Philips Gyroscan, with a standard head coil. T1-weighted spin-echo and STIR sequences were obtained in multiple planes and assessed independently by each of the authors. Positive fine needle aspiration cytology or histological proof of the nature of the imaged lesions was obtained for every patient. T1-weighted spin-echo images were most useful for visualizing anatomical structures and for identification of the facial nerve. All lesions were visible with T1-weighted images but were very much more conspicuous in the STIR sequences, for which a minimal lesion resolution of 6 mm was achieved. No contrast enhancement was required. It was not possible to determine the pathological nature of the lesion by scan appearance only. Our conclusion is that a combination of T1-weighted spin-echo and STIR sequences in the axial and coronal planes is the preferred protocol for salivary gland imaging.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Antroconchopexy for surgical treatment of perennial rhinitis.

We report on a rhinomanometric assessment of eleven patients undergoing antroconchopexy for relief of a "stuffy" nose. This little-known procedure involves the lateralization of the inferior turbinate through a large intranasal antrostomy. Our results demonstrate a significant improvement in postoperative inspiratory and expiratory nasal resistance. There was also a significant improvement in patient's scoring for nasal obstruction. Finer points of the surgical technique, and indications for the procedure are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Randomized, double-blind trial of Lithostat (acetohydroxamic acid) in the palliative treatment of infection-induced urinary calculi.

In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy and safety of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) in preventing urinary calculogenesis was evaluated in 94 patients with chronic urinary infection. Stone growth occurred in 17% of the AHA group and in 46% of the placebo group (p less than 0.005). Completely reversible side effects consisting predominantly of psychoneurologic and musculo-integumentary symptoms were more prevalent in the AHA group (p less than 0.01). Side effects which were judged 'intolerable' were experienced by 10 (22.2%) of patients in the AHA group and 2 (4.1%) in the placebo group. It is concluded that AHA treatment is effective, relatively safe, and clinically useful in preventing infection-induced urinary calculogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Registration of MR and CT images for skull base surgery using point-like anatomical features.

We have developed a registration technique for combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) images of the skull base for use in surgical planning. The technique is based on user identification of point-like landmarks visible in both modalities. The combination of images involves a small amount of expert interaction, is relatively quick and preliminary evaluation indicates that it is accurate to within 1.5 mm. Registered or fused images can be viewed either on an image processing workstation, or fused images can be printed onto conventional film for convenience in clinical use. We present one patient in order to demonstrate the technique's indications and advantages.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Percutaneous cholecystolithotomy. A minimally invasive alternative to cholecystectomy and to shock wave lithotripsy.

Recently introduced treatment alternatives for gallstones include peroral pharmacological chemolysis plus shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous cholecystolithotomy. Herein we report on the treatment preferences of 23 patients with symptomatic gallstones and our initial experience with percutaneous cholecystolithotomy in 6 of these patients. All patients were rendered stone free after one procedure. Percutaneous cholecystolithotomy, which is applicable to all types of gallstones, is a safe, practical, low-morbidity alternative to cholecystectomy in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Percutaneous endoscopic treatment of cholelithiasis.

Surgical management of gallstones was first performed successfully in 1878. Over the past decade, several new treatment alternatives have evolved that challenge the supremacy of traditional surgical cholecystectomy. Two endoscopic alternatives, e.g., percutaneous cholecystolithotomy (PCCL) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) are the latest additions to the growing armamentarium. Our initial experience with PCCL and LC as compared with our traditional cholecystectomy experience shows a 57% reduction in hospital days, a 58% reduction in postoperative analgesic dose, and 50% or more reduction in disabling convalescence in favor of the endoscopic alternatives. A review of the efficacy and morbidity of traditional surgery, peroral drug chemolysis (PDC), shockwave lithotripsy plus PDC, and percutaneous transhepatic lavage with methyl terbutyl ether suggests that the endoscopic alternatives are less morbid than traditional surgery and more efficacious and perhaps less morbid than other non-invasive or minimally invasive alternatives. Both original data and a literature review are presented.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Effect of unprocessed wheat bran on calciuria and oxaluria in patients with urolithiasis.

Seventeen hypercalciuria patients (8 control, 9 treatment) with a history of urolithiasis were randomly selected to receive low-calcium, low-oxalate diets with or without the addition of 30 g of dietary fiber as unprocessed wheat bran. Diet alone resulted in a 5.6 percent decrease in calciuria compared with a 23.5 percent decrease with the addition of the fiber. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide and potassium citrate further reduced calciuria by 40.4 percent and 34.5 percent, respectively. Oxaluria was decreased 21.4 percent by diet alone compared with 3.9 percent in the diet and fiber treatment group. Patient compliance to diets was good, and no complications resulted from fiber intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of oscillation with three other methods for measuring nasal airways resistance.

In this study we have compared the sensitivity and reproducibility of nasal airways resistance measurements made using an oscillometer, with those made by passive anterior, active anterior and active posterior rhinomanometry. Nasal airways resistance values were compared in 12 patients with rhinitis and 15 normal subjects, of whom ten had additional measurements after a vasoconstrictor spray, oxymetazoline. The coefficients of variation of 6-8 technically satisfactory measurements were 9-19%. The decongestant effect of oxymetazoline was detected by all methods, with no decrease in reproducibility. Post vasoconstrictor nasal airways resistance fell by 28% (passive anterior), 35% (active anterior), 36% (active posterior) and 58% (oscillometry). In conclusion, the oscillation method for deriving nasal airways resistance is a useful, new, simple and noninvasive way of assessing nasal airways patency. Results compare favourably with other, more established techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Oncocytic adenomas and oncocytic hyperplasia of salivary glands: a clinicopathological study of 26 cases.

Twenty-six benign oncocytic lesions of the salivary glands, excluding Warthin's tumours, have been reviewed and criteria for their classification as oncocytoma, multifocal nodular oncocytic hyperplasia, diffuse oncocytosis, pleomorphic adenoma with oncocytic change or oncocytic monomorphic adenoma have been proposed. The histological and clinical features of this heterogeneous group of lesions are discussed. This analysis suggests that the majority of lesions initially categorized as oncocytomas were, in fact, either non-neoplastic or, alternatively, oncocytic change in other types of adenoma.

Adenoma↗