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Biomedical subjects

M J Howe

Publications and source records attributed to M J Howe.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

The early lives of child prodigies.

Child prodigies raise interesting questions about the ways in which childhood experiences contribute to adult achievements. The likelihood of a highly able child being called a prodigy partly depends upon whether or not the individual's abilities are readily apparent to other people. By no means all outstanding adults were prodigies as children. Biographical accounts by prodigies themselves provide interesting insights. They show that most child prodigies devote a substantial amount of time to learning and studying, that some prodigies experience serious problems which appear to be related to their unusual early lives, and that very few prodigies emerge in families that do not provide good opportunities to learn. The fact that evidence from prodigies and other sources of information shows that all outstanding adults were at least fairly able in childhood raises the question of whether it is ever possible for an individual who displays no signs at all of above-average ability before adulthood to eventually become outstanding over a broad range of intellectual abilities.

Adolescent

Simultaneous field comparison of evening temporal distributions of nectar and blood feeding by Aedes vexans and Ae. trivittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ohio.

Nectar- and blood-feeding time distributions of Aedes vexans (Meigen) and Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett) were determined from collections of mosquitoes attempting to feed on flowers and human bait during six nights in an Ohio field. Distributions of nectar and blood feeding were different in Ae. vexans on three of five nights when analyses were possible, and they were different in pooled Ae. trivittatus data. Higher proportions of blood feeders appeared in earlier time intervals, but both nectar and blood feeding had broadly overlapping peaks and distributions. These results suggest that the nectar- and blood-feeding rhythms are probably in phase in Ae. vexans females, and that possibly the earlier onset of blood feeding reflects a strategy taking advantage of blood when it is available. Male Ae. vexans had later peak nectar-feeding times than females. Nectar feeding in males may be delayed by mating activity early in the activity period.

Aedes

Calendar calculating in 'idiots savants': how do they do it?

A number of mentally handicapped individuals are able to solve difficult calendar date problems such as specifying the day of the week for a particular date, sometimes over spans of more than 100 years. These individuals are self-taught and do not follow procedures at all similar to the usual, published, algorithms. An investigation of one individual revealed that he retained considerable information about the structure of days in particular months, probably as visual images. His skill closely depended on the extent and form of his knowledge of calendars, and his errors were often a consequence of lack of knowledge about a particular time period. Mentally retarded individuals who perform calendar-date feats are often socially withdrawn and devote considerable periods of time to calendar dates. The most capable calendar-date calculators are usually individuals who have a strong interest in calendars as such.

Adolescent