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Biomedical subjects

M J McHugh

Publications and source records attributed to M J McHugh.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Research in pediatric residency programs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We have required residents in pediatrics at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation to give research presentations since 1989; this article reviews our experience with this program. Additionally, we sought to determine how many other accredited pediatric programs in the United States also require this. METHODS: Retrospective review of the Cleveland Clinic program; descriptive statistics of other United States residency programs, obtained by questionnaire. RESULTS: Pediatric residents at the Cleveland Clinic have given 108 research presentations since 1989, and have developed 33 (30.5%) of them into manuscripts or abstracts. We mailed questionnaires to 215 pediatric residency program directors and received responses from 177 (82%). Of these, 48 (27%) indicated their programs had a research requirement; residents could present their findings in departmental meetings or submit an abstract or manuscript to a professional society or journal. Respondents cited several barriers to research: residents are too busy, there are too few faculty members to mentor them, financial resources are limited, and there is no residency review committee requirement. CONCLUSIONS: Even though only approximately one fourth of the pediatric residency programs in the United States require research, we feel it is worthwhile experience. Despite barriers, residents can and do perform research and publish their findings.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1990

Postpartum myocardial infarction: a rehabilitation challenge.

Myocardial infarction in pregnancy or the puerperium is an uncommon occurrence. Thus, when young pregnant women sustain a myocardial infarction, they present a complex challenge to cardiovascular nurses. Issues such as female gender, young age, and child-bonding must be considered in addition to assisting the recovery from the myocardial infarction itself. This case study describes the rehabilitative nursing care of a young woman who sustained a postpartum myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Intensive care aspects of organ transplantation in children.

Children will benefit from the increasing availability of transplantation techniques as treatment for end-stage kidney and liver disease. Support of these services will involve the intensivist to as great degree as these children will frequently require invasive monitoring. Hypovolemia in the postoperative period can be devastating to later graft function and must be avoided. The drugs used to induce graft tolerance have significant effects and potential major toxicities. Their use places these children at risk of serious and life-threatening bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan infections. A team effort is essential to the successful care of these children. The demands are great, but the goal of a return of these gravely ill children to a normal and happy life is well worth the effort.

Child↗
PubMed1987

The abuse of volatile substances.

Volatile substances have been used to alter consciousness since ancient times. Societal trends have brought forth one inhalant fad after another. It would be reasonable to expect this pattern to change as certain of the inhalants come under greater control or become less available (e.g., leaded gasoline). Experimentation with these agents among younger adolescents probably will continue, and for this reason, pediatric practitioners should be aware of the use of these agents and their potential toxicities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Safety and efficacy of jet anesthesia for bone marrow aspirations.

Aspirations or Jamshidi needle biopsies (n = 287) of bone marrow were performed on children and adolescents with acute leukemia or other malignant disease following the use of a spring-loaded instrument that delivered local anesthetic in a jet spray; 89% of the patients were receiving chemotherapy, 12% were thrombocytopenic, and 23% of the 269 patients who were afebrile at the time of the procedure were severely neutropenic. None of these patients had an infection or a hemorrhage as a complication of the procedure. We conclude that not only is this procedure safe, but it is also much less painful than the traditional method of local anesthetic infiltration using a syringe and needle.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extracorporeal endotoxin removal in a canine model of septic shock.

The authors induced endotoxic shock in an animal model and attempted to treat this state by direct hemoperfusion over a modified anion sorbent column. It has been shown that the reversal of septic shock correlates with the efficiency of extracorporeal endotoxin removal. In this experiment, there were five control animals (sham) and five test animals (hemoperfusion over sorbent column). The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by survival at 24 hr, changes in mean arterial pressure, blood-acid base balance, and plasma endotoxin levels. There was 0% survival in the control group and 100% survival in the test group. The control dogs never recovered from shock or metabolic acidosis, but the test animals were at their initial values for these parameters by 6 hr. The endotoxin levels measured at 6 hr were higher in the control group (265 +/- 88 ng/ml) as compared with the test group (7.0 +/- 6.2 ng/ml). Direct hemoperfusion over a modified sorbent column effectively removed endotoxin and reversed the course of fatal septic shock.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of eliminating implant/abutment rotational misfit on screw joint stability.

External hexagonal implants of known dimensions were assembled with premachined cast abutments and rebroached cast abutments. The abutment screws were tightened to 20 Ncm and 30 Ncm, and the samples were loaded off axis with 133.3 N. Load application was at 1,150 cycles per minute with a sample counterclockwise rotation of 28 cycles per minute. The premachined cast abutments tightened to 20 Ncm failed with a mean of 357,162 cycles (SD = 77,981 cycles). The rebroached cast abutments were cycled to 1 million cycles without failure. At 30 Ncm, the premachined cast abutments failed at a mean of 5.0 million cycles (SD = 2.2 X 10(6) cycles). Two of five rebroached cast abutments failed at 4.3 million and 9.5 million cycles, but the remaining samples showed no evidence of screw loosening after 10 million cycles, at which time the test was terminated. The results indicate a direct correlation between rotational misfit and screw loosening. Screw joints can be made more resistive to screw loosening by the elimination of rotational misfit.

Dental Abutments↗