PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M J Studdert

Publications and source records attributed to M J Studdert.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Immunologic aspects of combined immunodeficiency disease in Arabian foals.

Tests for T- and B-cell quantitation and immune function were developed, and their application in the diagnosis of primary severe combined immunodeficiency disease (CID) in Arabian foals was investigated. Foals with CID had severe lymphopenia and had small or zero numbers of B cells, as shown by immunofluorescence of surface immunoglobulin (Ig), erythrocyte-antibody-complement rosetting, and staphylococcal protein A rosetting. Serum IgM was undetectable in four CID foals 25 to 71 days old. Demonstrable antibody responses were not elicited in CID foals by phage phi X-174, a potent antigen in normal foals. Nonspecific esterase (NSE) staining in the pattern of a single vesicle was investigated as a possible marker for equine T cells. For normal foals, 64.0% of peripheral blood lymphocytes stained NSE positive. The CID foal 1 had only 4.0% NSE-positive lymphocytes, whereas CID foals 2, 3, and 4 had 75%, 68%, and 77.5%, respectively. In an in vitro T-cell function test, lymphocytes from 12 normal foals did not show a response. In normal foals, intradermal injection of 50 micrograms of phytohemagglutinin induced visible reactions, and skin grafting induced a pronounced mononuclear cell response at the base of the graft. In contrast, there was little or no response in the foals with CID.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Primary, severe, combined immunodeficiency disease of Arabian foals.

Set in a context of immunodeficiency diseases in general this paper provides a brief, illustrated review of a primary, severe, combined immunodeficiency (PSCID) disease of Arabian foals. Affected foals are clinically normal at birth but beginning at about 10 days of age they develop a range of clinical signs particularly bronchopneumonia and diarrhoea with which adenoviruses are peculiarly associated. Despite intensive therapy foals invariably die by about 3 months of age. Affected foals are profoundly lymphopagenic (greater than 1000 lymphcoytes per mm3). There is thymic and lymph node hypoplasia and all lymphoid tissues are profoundly depleted of both T and B lymphocytes. The depletion of both T and B lymphocytes suggests that the primary defect is at the level of bone marrow stem cells which are the precursor cells for both lymphocyte populations. PSCID of Arabian foals is inherited as a simple, autosomal, recessive gene. Some 2 to 3% of all such foals may be born with PSCID, this frequency corresponds to a gene frequency of about 30% in parents. The syndrome is, therefore, an important cause of economic wastage. It also represents the only occurrence of the syndrome in an animal species other than man and as such has considerable comparative interest.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1976

Equine herpesviruses. 6. Sequential infection of horses with types 2, 3 and 1.

The immunological and virological status of 3 foals in respect of equine herpesviruses (EHV) was established and the foals were sequentially infected with EHV2, EHV3 and EHV1. Following experimental infection with EHV2, no clinical signs of disease were observed in any foal. The inoculation of EHV3 into the genital tract resulted in lesions of the mucous membrane and perineal skin that were considered typical of equine coital exanthema. Following intransal inoculation of EHV3 extensive ulceration and pustule formation on the nasal mucosa was observed by day 5 accompanied at day 7 by a profuse, mucopurulent nasal discharge; on day 8 pustular lesions of the skin about the external nares appeared. Signs of disease after inoculation with EHV1 were milder than expected in 2 of the 3 foals. The possibility that recent, prior infection with EHV2 and/or 3 may protect against EHV1 was considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Equine herpesviruses: type 3 as an abortigenic agent.

The inoculation of equine herpesvirus type 3 (EHV3) strain 65/61 into the amniotic cavity of a mare 6-7 months pregnant resulted in abortion 11 days later. Following abortion typical lesions of coital exanthema were not observed in the genital tract of the mare, nor was EHV3 isolated from her. Serological evidence, however, indicated that the mare was infected with EHV3 following inoculation. Grossly the foetal disease was characterised by placentitis, focal ulcerative dermatitis, focal necrosis of the lungs and a striking diptheritic gastritis. Histological findings were interstitial pneumonia, diffuse hepatitis, generalised myositis, extensive vascular necrosis and degeneration of a range of epithelial cells. EHV3 was isolated from the placenta and placental fluids, stomach fluid, pooled thoracic and abdominal fluid, skin, lung, spleen and small intestine of the foetus.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1975

Ultrastructural studies of the development of feline calicivirus in a feline embryo cell line.

The ultrastructural changes in a feline embryo continuous cell line infected with feline calicivirus at a multiplicity of infection of approximately 1 were studied. Virus was found only in the cytoplasm and was observed as single particles, as extensive, non-regular accumulations, as paracrystalline arrays, and as single or multiple linear arrays associated with microfbrils. Mature virus particles were readily distinguished from ribosomes in that they were larger (35nm diameter) and consisted of a central, electron-dense core 20 nm diameter surrounded by a less electron-dense coat. Other changes ovserved in infected cells included rounding of the cell and nucleus and loss of pseudopodia. There was extensive production of smooth-membrane bound vesicles in the cytoplasm. Virus accumulations of each type, but especially paracrystalline arrays, were frequently closely associated with collections of these vesicles. The cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and the space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane was distended. By Feulgen staining and light microscopy, as well as electron microscopy, it was established that nuclear chromatin undergoes profound changes consisting of condensation usually into a single, rounded, central mass.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Inheritance of a lethal immunodeficiency disease of Arabian foals.

A fatal syndrome of certain Arabian foals which begins at about 25 days of age (range 14 to 46 days) and which runs a course of about 23 days (range 13 to 42 days) is described. The syndrome, which affected 17 foals on a single farm is further characterised by pneumonia, in some instances by dermatitis (dermatophilosis) and other infections, together with a progressive decline in health till death at about 49 days of age (range 34 to 77 days), despite intensive therapy. Four of the foals, on histopathological evidence, had adenviral pneumonia, in 2 foals there was histopathological evidence of an immunodeficiency disease and an adenovirus was isolated from 1 foal. It is argued, however, that the 17 foals were affected by a single, specific syndrome (an immunodeficiency disease) and that this disease is inherited as a simple, recessive, autosomal gene.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1975

Poxvirus infection in the white-backed magpie (Gymnorhina hypoleuca) and pox-like conditions in other birds in Australia.

Lesions, grossly and histologically typical of pox infection, occurred in a white-backed magpie from Melbourne, Australia. Electron microscopic examination revealed typical poxvirus particles in lesion material. The disease was experimentally transmitted to other magpies, but chickens, turkeys, pigeons, and canaries were refractory to experimental infection with magpie poxvirus. The epidemiology of magpie pox and the probable occurrence of pox-like disease in other native Australian birds are discussed.

Animals↗