PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to M Jacobsen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults: a population-based clinical and histopathologic study.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the clinical course and the histopathology of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (GI-NHL) in adult patients and to investigate a possible impact of Helicobacter pylori. DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective study of all adult patients in Copenhagen county diagnosed during a 6-year period with NHL. SUBJECTS: A total of 55 patients with GI-NHL diagnosed during the period from 1985 to the end of 1990. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients had primary lymphoma in the stomach, 14 in the small intestine, 11 in the large intestine and two patients had multifocal involvement. The dominant presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhoea, constipation and fatigue. Acute emergency problems such as severe haemorrhage or perforation at initial presentation were unusual. According to the revised European-American lymphoma (REAL) classification, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most frequent histologic subtype comprising 53% of the cases. Helicobacter pylori infection was documented in 15 of 25 evaluable patients (60%) with gastric lymphomas and was not associated with any specific histological subtype. Endoscopic procedures and barium X-rays were the diagnostic approaches with highest sensitivity. In total, 30 patients (58%) achieved complete remission, 10 (19%) achieved partial remission, and 12 (23%) did not respond to treatment. The overall 5 year survival rate was 0.36 without statistically significant difference between the histological subtypes. Likewise the presence of Helicobacter pylori did not affect survival. CONCLUSION: Primary GI-NHL is a heterogeneous disease entity with considerable therapeutic controversies. No specific clinical or histological phenotype was associated with the presence of Helicobacter pylori.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

New composite ('quadrant') standard films for classifying radiographs of pneumoconioses.

120 chest radiographs of dust exposed persons were classified twice by each of 39 physicians, and three times by 37 of them. All film readers used both the 22 standard films accompanying the current International Labour Office's (1980) Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses, and a modified set that reproduced selected parts from some of them as quadrants of full-size films. Variability within and between readers in small opacity profusion classifications was high, but similar when using the two sets of standards. Some readers recognised irregularly shaped small opacities more frequently, in low profusion categories, when using the quadrant standards. Small rounded opacities were classified more frequently higher on the scale when using the current standards. The effects found were small although the test films included a high proportion with some small opacities. It is concluded that use of the new quadrant standards is unlikely to introduce any important bias into results from occupational health surveys.

Bias↗
PubMed1997

[Patients with early stages of endometrial cancer should be spared adjuvant radiotherapy. Danish Endometrial Cancer Group].

In an attempt to create uniform nationwide guidelines for the management of all stages of endometrial carcinoma, and to limit the use of adjuvant radiation therapy in stage I disease to high-risk patients only, a protocol was developed by the Danish Endometrial Cancer group (DEMCA). From September 1986 through August 1988, 1214 women in Denmark with newly diagnosed carcinoma of the endometrium have been treated according to this protocol. This figure represents all endometrial carcinomas diagnosed in Denmark during this two-year period. The primary treatment was total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, no preoperative radiation therapy was delivered. In 1039 cases no macroscopic residual tumour and/or microscopic tumor tissue in the resection margins was found following surgery. Based on surgery and histopathology, these patients were classified as: P-stage I low risk (n = 641), P-stage I high risk (n = 235), P-stage II (n = 105) and P-stage III, Group 1 (n = 58). No postoperative radiation therapy was given to P-I low risk cases. P-I high risk, P-II, and P-III (Group 1) cases received external radiation therapy. Recurrence rate at 68-92 months follow-up was 45/641 (7%) in P-I low risk, 36/235 (15%) in P-I high risk, 30/105 (29%) in P-II, and 27/58 (47%) in P-III (Group 1) cases. Fifteen of 17 vaginal recurrences in P-I low risk cases were salvaged (mean observation time 61 months). In this population-based investigation it has been shown that P-stage low-risk patients are adequately treated by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and that no pre- or postoperative radiation therapy is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Endometrial carcinomas--flow cytometric DNA content and S-phase values.

The purpose of the investigation was to determine the DNA content and S-phase value in a large material of fresh tumour tissue from endometrial carcinomas and to correlate these parameters to tumour type, grade of differentiation, depth of myometrial invasion and stage. The prospective study consisted of 290 unselected cases of endometrial carcinomas, FIGO stage I-IV where flow cytometry was performed on fresh tumour tissue blocks from hysterectomy specimens. 223 cases had more than 10% tumour tissue in tissue blocks taken adjacent to the blocks for flow cytometry. Non-diploidy was defined as 0.9 > or = DNA index > 1.10 and high S-phase value was defined as > 15%. Non-diploidy was found in 46% of the endometrioid adenocarcinoma and in 85% of the non-endometrioid carcinomas (clear cell adenocarcinoma, serous adenocarcinoma and malignant mixed mesodermal tumour) (p < 0.001). S-phase value was > 15% in 39% of the endometrioid adenocarcinoma and in 100% of the non-endometrioid carcinomas (p < 0.0001). In endometrioid adenocarcinoma there was a statistical significant relation between non-diploidy and grade of histological differentiation (p < 0.006), as well as with depth of myometrial invasion (p < 0.05). There was no relation between non-diploidy and the presence of squamous differentiation, whether benign or malignant or to FIGO stage. High S-phase values (> 15%) was related to the grade of differentiation (p < 0.002). No relation was demonstrated between S-phase > 15% and squamous differentiation, depth of myometrial invasion or FIGO stage. In conclusion, 50% of all the endometrial carcinomas were non-diploid and 43% had S-phase value > 15%. Ploidy correlated with histologic tumour types, grade of differentiation and depth on myometrial invasion while S-phase values only correlated with histologic tumour types and grade of differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Rapid responders to intensive treatment of bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine patterns of response to treatment in bulimia nervosa and to consider the utility of differentiating rapid from slower responders. METHOD: Participants were 166 female patients with bulimia nervosa who received specialized day hospital treatment for their eating disorder and provided complete data on symptom frequencies over the course of treatment. Symptoms and psychological functioning were assessed at the beginning and end of treatment and 2-year follow-up information was available for a subsample of 57 patients. RESULTS: A large subgroup (41%) of patients responded rapidly to treatment (i.e., symptom frequencies of three or less during the first 4 weeks of treatment) and a smaller subgroup (31%) were considered slower responders (i.e., symptom frequencies of four or more over the first 4 weeks of treatment and three or less over the last 4 weeks of treatment). The remaining patients were either partial responders (18%) or nonresponders (10%). Rapid responders tended to be older, less symptomatic, and less preoccupied with binging before treatment (all ps < .05), but the differences were not strong. Rapid responders also had better symptom control at the end of treatment (p < .00001), were less likely to receive antidepressant/antibulimic medication during the program (p < .04), and were significantly less likely to relapse within 2 years of attending the program (p < .005). DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrate that a significant subgroup of severely ill bulimia nervosa patients had a rapid, strong, and enduring response to intensive treatment, but could not be well identified with the available measures before treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Adnexial torsion caused by ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome].

A case of adnexal torsion of an enlarged ovary during early pregnancy after gonadotropin therapy is presented. Adnexal torsion is a rare but serious complication to ovarian hyperstimulation. The diagnosis is difficult, but the combination of ovarian enlargement, abdominal pain, nausea, progressive leukocytosis and anaemia may indicate torsion of the adnex. Prompt diagnosis is important. Simple unwinding of the twisted adnex by a laparoscopic technique has been successful in most cases.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Chromosome aberrations in Norwegian reindeer following the Chernobyl accident.

Chromosome analyses were carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes of semi-domestic reindeer in Norway which had been exposed to varying amounts of radiocesium emanating from the Chernobyl accident. The sampling was done in the period 1987-1990. The material included 192 reindeer, originating from four herds in central Norway, an area considerably affected by fallout from the Chernobyl accident, and from three herds in northern Norway which was unaffected by fallout from the accident. Significant heterogeneity in the distribution of chromosome aberrations between herds was observed. The pattern of chromosome aberration frequencies between herds was not related to the variation in radiocesium exposure from the Chernobyl accident. Other factors than the Chernobyl accident appear therefore to be of importance for the distribution of aberration frequencies found among present herds. Within the most contaminated area the reindeer born in 1986 showed significantly more chromosome aberrations than those born both before and after 1986. This could suggest that the Chernobyl accident fallout created an effect particularly among calves, during the immediate post-accident period in the most exposed areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Familiality of cancer in Utah.

The Utah Population Database allows examination of the genetic relationships among the 35.7% of all cancer cases in the state that have genealogical records. Familial clustering of cancer is measured by the Genealogical Index of Familiality and is examined by site, and within site by age of onset, histology, and gender. Most cancer sites examined show excess familiality for all cases considered together. Subsets of individuals with certain characteristics showed unusually high levels of familial clustering, specifically lymphocytic leukemias and especially chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lobular breast cancer, early lip cancer, early melanoma, and female lung cancers of alveolar/adenoma histology. These may represent characteristics of the most penetrant forms of inherited susceptibilities, those which are enhanced by environmental factors, chance aggregations, rare inherited syndromes, or a combination of these factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Temporal epileptic seizures and occupational exposure to solvents.

Long term exposure to organic solvents is usually not considered as a possible cause of chronic epileptic seizures. A case that shows a remarkable coincidence between exposure to organic solvents and occurrence of epileptic seizures is reported. The man was a 58 year old sign writer with lifelong exposure to a mixture of organic solvents (mainly cyclohexanone, white spirit, and isopropanol). Epileptic seizures of temporal type were occurring in relation to solvent exposure. The seizures disappeared shortly after stopping exposure but returned just after a short term re-exposure to cyclohexanone. The case history suggests that exposure to organic solvents may elicit or maintain epileptic seizures despite medical treatment.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

CT, MR imaging and angiography in pancreatic apudomas.

Findings at CT, MR imaging and angiography in 29 patients with pancreatic apudomas are presented. CT and angiography were performed in all the patients, MR imaging in 10. Twenty-five patients underwent laparotomy. The ability of the different imaging methods to localize the primary tumor and detect hepatic metastases was compared. CT and MR imaging depicted the primary tumor in 79% and 88% of the cases respectively, angiography in 72%. Enhancement patterns at CT and signal intensity variations at MR imaging were unspecific parameters regarding different types of tumors. CT and MR imaging were considerably more accurate than angiography in evaluating local tumor resectability. Angiography revealed more numerous small hepatic metastases (< 0.5 cm) than CT or MR imaging, but missed metastases in the left lobe in 5 patients. MR imaging seems promising in localizing and characterizing pancreatic apudomas, but further evaluation is needed before any conclusion can be drawn. At present dynamic incremental CT seems mandatory in the evaluation of pancreatic apudomas. Angiography is of value for preoperative and preembolization vascular mapping, and in localizing small pancreatic apudomas not shown at CT or MR imaging. Faster dynamic thin slice CT scanning and fast-sequence MR imaging may increase the sensitivity of detecting small primary pancreatic apudomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Behçet's syndrome: an unusual cause of genital erosion].

A case of incomplete mucocutaneous Behçet's disease is presented. In spite of weekly to monthly attacks of genital pain for fifteen years, this diagnostic entity had been ignored. We wish to emphasize that Behçet's disease may be the cause of otherwise unexplained genital erosions. A set of clinical criteria according to an international study group serves to establish the diagnosis. Treatment is controversial. This case has been successfully treated with systemic tetracycline for more than six months.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The international labour office classification: use and misuse.

The main characteristics of the International Labour Office (ILO) International Classification of Radiographs of the Pneumoconioses (1980) are reviewed. Applications to epidemiological, research, and clinical problems are outlined. The need for multiple readings, reading protocols and appropriate administrative arrangements is emphasized. Possible improvements to the Classification are discussed. The basic descriptive features of the scheme are distinguished from supplementary interpretative facilities; it is suggested that misuse of the Classification occurs primarily when these two functions are confused.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Partial hydatidiform mole with subsequent trophoblastic tumor; a case report.

A case of partial hydatidiform mole revealed by genetic marker analysis one maternal and two paternal chromosome complements. Levels of serum human chorionic gonadotropin were persistently elevated during follow-up. Avillous curettage specimens prior to chemotherapy were morphologically suspicious for gestational choriocarcinoma. It is still uncertain whether the risk for gestational choriocarcinoma preceded by partial mole exceeds the risk related to non-molar abortions. Careful follow-up with serial serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels is required to detect persistent disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Chromosome aberrations in Norwegian reindeer calves exposed to fallout from the Chernobyl accident.

Chromosome aberrations were analysed in 1222 peripheral blood lymphocytes from 24 reindeer, Rangifer tarandus L., calves from central Norway, where considerable fallout from Chernobyl accident had occurred, and in 1532 lymphocytes from 26 calves from three different districts in Northern Norway which were not affected by fallout from the accident. Three dicentrics, two rings, and three translocations were detected in calves from the exposed area, while no dicentrics, nor rings and only one translocation were detected in the control calves. The frequency of chromatid-type aberrations and chromosome deletions did not significantly differ between the two groups. Although the present study is based on a limited number of observations, the radioactive burden in the exposed reindeer, and the differing character of the chromosome aberrations in the two groups, might indicate that certain genetic effects have occurred as a result of the Chernobyl accident in Norwegian reindeer in the most contaminated areas.

Accidents↗