PubMed1996
OBJECTIVES: The widely accepted and, until recently, the only alternative in muscle-infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, whatever the extent of muscle infiltration, has been radical cystectomy, although the advantages of partial cystectomy has not been questioned. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 34 patients with infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder stage T2 or higher and a follow-up ranging from 3 to 194 months, who underwent partial cystectomy. The patient received no radiotherapy and only one patient was treated with preoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: The surgical specimen was tumor free (pTO) in 7 patients, pT1 in 7 pts, pT2 in 4 pts, pT3 in 4, pT3b in 8 and Px in 4. Six patients showed lymph node involvement. Eleven patients had bladder recurrence; 3 had bladder recurrence and metastasis; 1 had bladder recurrence, a pelvic mass and metastasis and 2 had metastasis alone. We performed radical cystectomy in 2 cases; one for a prostatic cancer and the other for an upper urothelial tumor in a solitary kidney. Both bladders were tumor free. The extravesical disease free interval and survival were better that those of patients submitted to radical cystectomy, although this was a highly selected group. CONCLUSIONS: With the same possibilities relative to the extravesical disease free interval and survival, this approach requires a shorter operating time, carries less risk, low postoperative morbidity and mortality, requires less hospitalizations, and has less late sequelae. It affords a better quality of life, with no cutaneous stoma, incontinence or impotence. The risk of bladder recurrence persists, although the procedures required to resolve the complications of bladder diversion or substitution are more aggressive than TUR, which is sufficient for most of the recurrences, and if the recurrence is an infiltrating tumor, one can always recur to radical cystectomy. This is the current situation, even in the era of the so-called "minimally invasive techniques". We believe that in this group of patients combination preoperative radio- and chemotherapy would have contributed little to the partial cystectomy. In our series, it is evident that the pT0 is the result of complete resection by TUR. The differences in tumor definition make it very difficult to evaluate the benefits of the neoadjuvant measures. Patients with no bladder tumor (pT0) or pT1-pT2, and even pT3a tumors, should not be included in protocols for evaluating the efficacy of combination cystostatic therapy; many of them can be overtreated. Preoperative radiotherapy adds nothing with respect to local recurrence of this tumor type and it evidently has no effect on metastasis. We should not forget that the cytostatic agents currently utilized in combination therapy have severe side effects and are therefore only indicated in patients at higher risk of distant dissemination at diagnosis. Some studies, however, have indicated that the cytostatics may have some negative tumoral effect.