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Biomedical subjects

M Jost

Publications and source records attributed to M Jost.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Serum lipids in swine fed large quantities of whey.

The causal relationship between hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic diseases is undoubted. But studies of the last years have shown that this relationship is quite complex and may be even controversial. A food which has recently been placed in the foreground in lipid metabolism research is milk and its products. By accidental findings it was shown that the more milk was drunk, the lower the serum cholesterol concentration became. This brought about some controlled feeding studies on animals and humans. We chose swine for our feeding study because of their resemblance to human lipid metabolism. 57% of the whole energy consumed consisted of whey powder fed in a crossover study lasting 112 days. The results show that total cholesterol was significantly lower during whey feeding. The lipid decrease also included the HDL-fraction and, to a lesser degree, triglycerides. It seems well enough proved to be an accepted fact that the relative high content of saturated fatty aids in milk is cancelled by a substance present in milk and some of its products such as whey. Further investigations to study this milk factor in more detail including the application of high fat diets will be done.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

Physiological effects of the presence and absence of gas vacuoles in the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetz. emend. Elenkin.

Physiological evidence was obtained for a light shielding role for gas vacuoles in Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetz. emend. Elenkin, by comparing photosynthetic oxygen evolution, growth behaviour and pigment composition of cells with intact or collapsed gas vacuoles. The oxygen evolution rates were strongly dependent on cell concentration, a maximum rate for cells with intact gas vacuoles occurring at about 1.4 X 10(9) cells/ml and for cells with collapsed gas vacuoles at about 2.5 X 10(9) cells/ml. By using light saturation curves for oxygen evolution, it was estimated that at low light intensities up to 30% of the photosynthetically useable light was shielded at a cell concentration of 6 X 10(8) cells/ml. Collapsing the gas vacuoles twice daily did not alter the initial growth rate of the cultures, but enabled them to reach a higher final cell density. Collapsing of gas vacuoles during growth for about four generations resulted in a lower level of all acetone soluble pigments with a greater relative reduction in carotenoids than in chlorophyll a. Collapse of the gas vacuoles does not alter the cell volume. Various optical interactions which could account for light shielding are discussed.

Light↗
PubMed1976

[Sisomicin treatment of urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

In a study with 30 randomized patients the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and side effects of Sisomicin were determined. Half of the patients received one single intramuscular injection of 75 or 100mg (1.4 mg/kg) Sisomicin/day. The other cases were injected 50 or 75mg (1.9 or 2.1 mg/kg) b.i.d. The serum concentrations determined on the first and last days of treatment 1 hour after the application ranged between 4 and 5.3 mug/ml. After 6 hours the values decreased to 0.7-0.8 mug/ml. The elimination rate within 24 h amounted to 63-77%. Depending on the dosage group, the mean urinary concentrations/24 h amounted to 46-51 mug/ml or 63 to 92 mug/ml, respectively. The highest concentration measured during the first 8 hours amounted to 129 mug/ml after an administration of 1.4 mg/kg. In 18 of 29 cases a "cure" of urologic infections, most of which had been treated previously without success, could be achieved. Furthermore we observed 5 relapses, 3 failures and 3 reinfections, but no superinfection. The local and general tolerance of Sisomicin was good. 5 patients showed toxic reactions of the vestibular organ in the form of dizziness. In 1 case there was an excretion of granulated casts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Caffeine and chlordiazepoxide: effects on motor activity in the chronic thalamic rat.

The effects of three doses of caffeine and of chlordiazepoxide (CDX) on motor activity were tested in the chronic thalamic rat. In this preparation virtually all cortical, striatal and limbic structures were ablated. A small dose of caffeine had only a weak motor stimulant effect which was succeeded by sedation. Larger doses that are stimulatory in intact animals, depressed motor activity in the thalamic rat. Amphetamine, in contrast to caffeine, produced a substantial motor stimulation. CDX caused a dose-dependent reduction of motor activity, similar to its effect in the intact rat. It is concluded that (a) telencephalic structures are involved in mediating the stimulatory action of caffeine; (b) a sedative component of caffeine may be present, but masked, in the intact animal, and may be due to serotoninergic mechanisms; (c) the presence of limbic structures is not necessary for the sedative effect of CDX.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate is required for endocytic coated vesicle formation.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated vesicles has been extensively studied and, while many of the protein players have been identified, much remains unknown about the regulation of coat assembly and the mechanisms that drive vesicle formation [1]. Some components of the endocytic machinery interact with inositol polyphosphates and inositol lipids in vitro, implying a role for phosphatidylinositols in vivo [2] [3]. Specifically, the adaptor protein complex AP2 binds phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), PtdIns(3)P, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and inositol phosphates. Phosphatidylinositol binding regulates AP2 self-assembly and the interactions of AP2 complexes with clathrin and with peptides containing endocytic motifs [4] [5]. The GTPase dynamin contains a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that binds PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to regulate GTPase activity in vitro [6] [7]. However, no direct evidence for the involvement of phosphatidylinositols in clathrin-mediated endocytosis exists to date. Using well-characterized PH domains as high affinity and high specificity probes in combination with a perforated cell assay that reconstitutes coated vesicle formation, we provide the first direct evidence that PtdIns(4,5)P2 is required for both early and late events in endocytic coated vesicle formation.

Adaptor Protein Complex 2↗