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Biomedical subjects

M K Baker

Publications and source records attributed to M K Baker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Unequal doses of ioversol versus diatrizoate for urography.

A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed to compare a higher dose of conventional ionic contrast media (diatrizoate) with a lower dose of a new, nonionic contrast material (ioversol) for excretory urography (EU). One hundred twenty patients were randomized to receive either 100 ml of diatrizoate (Renografin-60) or 75 ml of ioversol (Optiray-320). Despite the lower iodine dose, the use of ioversol resulted in significantly better opacification of the calyces, renal pelves, and ureters. There was no significant difference in renal parenchymal opacification, opacification of the urinary bladder, or distention of the collecting system. We conclude that high-quality EU can be performed with a lower iodine dose using ioversol.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Trochanteric sciatic neuropathy.

A patient with severe weakness, atrophy, and sensory loss of the right leg had a focal right sciatic neuropathy. The sciatic nerve was enlarged at the level of the lesser trochanter, excessively firm, and multistranded; its stimulation threshold was focally increased. Biopsied fascicles had reduplicated perineurial leaflets, many Renaut bodies, and an abnormal unimodal spectrum of small-diameter fibers. We postulate that the lesion was induced by the combination of an underlying prominent lesser trochanter and sitting on hard benches.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1989

The seasonal tick populations on traditional and commercial cattle grazed at four altitudes in Natal.

The number of ticks collected over a period of one year from cattle at 4 altitude levels in Natal, Republic of South Africa, are plotted against meteorological and seasonal data. Collections were made from both traditional and commercial cattle at each altitude. Most of the economically important tick species show clear seasonal patterns of activity. This suggests that strategic dipping could be used as a means of control.

Altitude↗
PubMed1989

A survey of helminths in domestic cats in the Pretoria area of Transvaal, Republic of South Africa. Part 1: The prevalence and comparison of burdens of helminths in adult and juvenile cats.

The helminths found in 1,502 necropsied cats were examined. The findings indicated that 65% of the cats were infested. The most prevalent helminths encountered were Ancylostoma tubaeforme (41%), Ancylostoma braziliense (25%), Dipylidium caninum (23%), Toxocara cati (11%), Taenia taeniaeformis (7.7%), Ancylostoma caninum (3.3%), Joyeuxiella fuhrmanni (2.5%), Ancylostoma ceylanicum (1.4%), and Physaloptera praeputialis (1.3%). The following helminths were recorded in fewer than 1% of the cats: Centrorhynchus spp., Pterygodermatites spp., Toxocara canis, Aleurostrongylus abstrusus and Vogeloides spp., This is the first record of the lungworms, A. abstrusus and Vogeloides spp. in cats in the Republic of South Africa. The helminths in adult and juvenile cats are compared. Of the cestodes, Joyeuxiella fuhrmanni (4%) and Taenia taeniaeformis (12%) are more prevalent in adult cats. Dipylidium caninum is marginally more common in adults (24%), and is the most common helminth in juvenile cats, being present in 21% of cases. More adult cats have Ancylostoma tubaeforme (58%), Ancylostoma braziliense (36%), Ancylostoma ceylanicum (2.4%) and Physaloptera praeputialis (1.9%) than do juvenile cats. However, juvenile cats were found to harbour more Toxocara cati (41%), Toxocara canis (0.5%) and Ancylostoma caninum (5.2%). Juvenile cats harbour appreciable numbers of both cestodes and nematodes, thus any treatment should be aimed at the elimination of both, with a broad spectrum anthelmintic.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Auditory brainstem evoked potentials in leprosy.

An electrophysiological study of conduction in the auditory nerve and brainstem auditory pathways using the brainstem auditory evoked potential was undertaken in a group of 47 leprosy patients. There were no statistically significant differences between mean conduction times (interpeak latencies) in the leprosy and the control groups. Abnormal interpeak latencies were encountered in 3 leprosy patients, 1 of whom had a positive serological test for syphilis. In the remaining 2 patients, caudal pathway dysfunction (I-III interpeak latency abnormality) was indicated but specific auditory nerve involvement (an abnormally prolonged I-II interpeak latency) was not demonstrated. An explanation for these findings, other than the patients' disease, was not apparent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Mesenteric panniculitis: CT appearance.

Mesenteric panniculitis is an uncommon disease that presents with nonspecific symptoms. Laparotomy with biopsy has traditionally been required for diagnosis. A case is presented in which the diagnosis was suggested by computed tomography.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Subepithelial pyeloureteric lesions in patients with nephrostomy tubes.

Mural filling defects were identified in the renal pelves or ureters in five patients with nephrostomy tubes. In two patients, infection was documented. In the remaining patients, the urine was sterile. While typical ureteritis cystica associated with infection may be seen in patients with nephrostomy tubes, in some patients, other mechanisms are responsible for this appearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Nuclear medicine evaluation of focal fatty infiltration of the liver.

Focal fatty infiltration of the liver (FFIL) occasionally may be mistaken as metastatic disease, primary liver malignancy, or other space-occupying lesions on CT or ultrasound studies, especially if there is significant mass effect. In these confusing cases, Xe-133 liver imaging has been advocated for confirmation of FFIL, since such studies have been reported to be sensitive and specific. The authors present results of four Xe-133 and four Tc-99m sulfur colloid scans in six patients with FFIL. Xe-133 imaging was found useful for diagnostic confirmation in only one patient and was misleading in the other three. Routine liver-spleen imaging was a more reliable method of confirmation, since no focal defects were found in any of the patients.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMed1977

A suspected lysosomal storage disease in Abyssinian cats. Part II: histopathological and ultrastructural aspects.

The histopathological and ultrastructural findings in the central nervous system and lymphoid tissue of Abyssinian kittens suffering from a disease which was clinically characterised by neurological disturbances, are described. The lesions were vacuolisation of neurones and macrophages with light microscopy and lamellated membranous cytoplasmic bodies, initially in lysosomes with electron microscopy. Irregularly shaped membrane-bound bodies with an amorphous substance were eventually formed in the cytoplasm of affected cells. It is considered that this is a lysosomal storage disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Production of male pseudohermaphroditism in rats by two new inhibitors of steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase and C 17-20 lyase.

Two new synthetic steroid analogues, (I) 16beta-bromo-3beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione and (II) 17beta-ureido-1,4-androstadien-3-one have been shown to give kinetic patterns consistent with active-site-directed irreversible inhibition of adult rat testicular microsomal steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase and C17-20 lyase in vitro. Administration of both analogues to adult male rats for 24 h produced potent inhibition of these testicular enzymes in vivo. Given to pregnant rats during the critical period of male organogenesis they produced hypospadias: a characteristic of the syndrome in man in which these enzymes are defective genetically. Given to male rat pups during the first 9 days of life, inhibitor II produced significantly smaller prostates and seminal vesicles in adulthood, indicating the usefulness of this inhibitor in studies on the role of testosterone in neonatal programming of target organ size in adulthood. Thus, two new enzyme inhibitors have been shown to block testosterone production in the foetal and neonatal rat selectively at the site of the hydroxylase without other apparent hormonal effects or influence on adrenal size.

Androstadienes↗