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M K Bradstock

Publications and source records attributed to M K Bradstock.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Drinking-driving and health lifestyle in the United States: Behavioral Risk Factors Surveys.

National patterns of self-reported drinking-driving were examined using aggregated Behavioral Risk Factor Survey data. Drinking-driving is reported by 6.1% of U.S. adults, is almost three times more prevalent among men than women and is most prevalent in 18-24-year-old men (15.4%). Sociodemographic characteristics of self-reported drinking drivers correspond with those characteristics based on alcohol-associated motor vehicle accident and arrest data. Heavy smokers and those who fail to use seatbelts are more likely to drink and drive than those without these health-risk behaviors. Men reporting stress in interpersonal relationships are more likely to drink and drive. Individuals who drink or smoke in response to stress are more likely to drink and drive than those who exercise in response to stress. The concurrent practice of drinking-driving with lack of seatbelt use, use of alcohol in response to stress and smoking probably contributes substantially to the risk of accident and serious injury among drinking drivers and has implications for both prevention and treatment programs.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of reactions to food additives: the aspartame experience.

Despite the widespread use of chemical food additives, few criteria exist to evaluate consumer reports of adverse reactions. We analyzed 231 consumer complaints associated with the food additive aspartame. We developed a methodologic approach to evaluate all complaints by adapting general criteria used to investigate adverse reactions to medications. Complaints were ranked according to the effects of cessation and rechallenge. Using this method, we found no clear symptom complex that suggests a widespread public health hazard associated with aspartame use; however, we identified some case reports in which the symptoms may be attributable to aspartame in commonly-consumed amounts. The systematic application of pre-defined review criteria, such as those described here, to monitor consumer complaints related to food additives will help identify products that warrant more focused clinical studies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The behavioral risk factor surveys: III. Chronic heavy alcohol use in the United States.

Results of adult telephone interview data from aggregated state surveys show significant chronic alcohol use (two or more drinks per day) by 8.7 percent of the U.S. population. Rates are higher in men than in women (13.8 percent versus 4.0 percent, and higher in whites than in blacks (9.1 percent versus 4.5 percent). Women 25-44 years of age have significantly lower rates (2.9 percent) than women 18-24 (5.7 percent) or women 45-64 (4.6 percent). Also, rates are higher in heavy smokers (over one pack per day) than nonsmokers (22.4 percent versus 5.9 percent), among nonusers of seatbelts than users of seatbelts (10.5 percent versus 6.2 percent), and in those who reported driving after having had "too much" to drink than in those who did not (32.3 percent versus 7.5 percent). Overweight women (2.7 percent) and those who eat in response to stress (3.1 percent) have lower rates of chronic heavy alcohol use than those without these risk factors. Alcohol-related morbidity contributes substantially to the loss of productive life. We conclude that examining alcohol consumption in the light of other lifestyle behaviors would help in the design of effective prevention programs based on multiple risk factor interventions.

Adult↗