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M K Hordinsky

Publications and source records attributed to M K Hordinsky.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

CD44 expression in alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia.

CD44 is a widely distributed cell surface protein thought to be involved in multiple steps of normal immune cell function, including T-cell activation, and in cellular adhesion where it mediates cell attachment to hyaluronate. In normal skin, CD44 is found by immunohistochemical means to be primarily in eccrine coil cells. In this study, we have looked at the expression of CD44 in normal scalp and in two different hair disorders, androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. In normal scalp and androgenetic alopecia, CD44 was found in its normal distribution in eccrine coil cells. In scalp of 30 patients with alopecia areata, there was no expression of this glycoprotein. Patients were also assessed pre and post treatment for their alopecia areata, and even though they had no significant hair regrowth, 2 patients regained expression of CD44, indicating a variable expression of this protein in the alopecia areata disease process. The absence of CD44 expression in alopecia areata-affected scalp may give further information regarding the pathogenesis of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Trichothiodystrophy and associated anomalies: a variant of SIBIDS or new symptom complex?

Trichothiodystrophy is characterized by sparse, short, sulfur-deficient hair. Numerous symptom complexes have been described in which the hair abnormality represents a constant feature. We report a boy with trichothiodystrophy, ichthyotic skin changes, onychodystrophy, chronic neutropenia, osteosclerosis, hypothyroidism, nystagmus, growth and mental retardation, and microcephaly, who developed a progressive encephalopathy with ataxia and optic atrophy at 2.5 years of age. In addition to a deficient cystine level identified on a hair sample, a disturbance in the composition of other amino acids was present. Although features were reminiscent of osteosclerosis, ichthyosis, brittle hair due to trichothiodystrophy, impaired intelligence, decreased fertility, and short stature (SIBIDS) and could represent a variant of this disorder, findings in our patient may reflect a new trichothiodystrophy symptom complex that carries a poor prognosis for survival beyond childhood.

Growth Disorders↗
PubMed1993

The antiandrogens. When and how they should be used.

This article is a useful guide for treating androgen-related skin disorders such as androgenetic alopecia, acne, and hirsutism. All available antiandrogens are discussed, as well as treatment doses, efficacy, and mode of action.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1992

Alopecia areata. Autoreactive T cells are variably enriched in scalp lesions relative to peripheral blood.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Alopecia areata is a condition characterized by hair loss in association with perifollicular infiltration of T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Autoreactive T cells are postulated to amplify this abnormality by interacting with DR+ follicular epithelium. These cells may recognize either autologous major histocompatibility complex class II antigen or an autoantigen restricted by major histocompatibility complex class II. Limiting dilution analysis was used to determine the frequency of autoreactive lymphocytes in scalp biopsy specimens and peripheral blood from seven adult patients with alopecia areata. Autoreactive T cells are defined for this study as those that proliferate in response to autologous irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS: Autoreactive lymphocytes were enriched in scalp biopsy specimens relative to peripheral blood in five of seven patients. This enrichment was statistically significant in four of five patients. Five autoreactive T-cell clones derived from lesional scalp were characterized. Four of these clones were CD3+CD4+CD8- and one clone was CD3+CD4-CD8+. CONCLUSIONS: Enrichment of autoreactive cells in lesions of alopecia areata supports a role for these cells in the pathogenesis of this condition. Enrichment of autoreactive lymphocytes is also found in allergic contact dermatitis. Thus, these autoreactive lymphocytes may have a general role in inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

HLA-D locus associations in alopecia areata. DRw52a may confer disease resistance.

Because predisposition to autoimmunity has been associated with HLA-D alleles and alopecia areata is hypothesized to be a T-cell mediated autoimmune hair loss, we determined DR and DQ alleles in 88 white and 10 American black patients with alopecia areata as well as controls with the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism typing with cDNA probes. White patients with alopecia areata have an increase in the phenotype frequencies of DR4 and DQw8 and an increase in genotype frequencies of DR4 and DR5 (now DRw11[5]). These associations are in agreement with those reported in two other studies but are not significant when corrected by the number of HLA antigens tested. Sixty-one percent of all patients with AA have DR4 and/or DRw11(5) specificities vs 40% of controls, with more DR4,DRw11(5) and DQw7(w3), DQw8(w3) heterozygotes among patients. DQw6(w1) phenotype frequencies and DRw52a phenotype and genotype frequencies are significantly decreased in patients with alopecia areata relative to controls. This highly significant negative association with the HLA DRB3 allele DRw52a in whites persisted even when DR4- or DRw11(5)-positive individuals were excluded from the patient and control groups. These data suggest that HLA-DR4 and DRw11(5) with their associated DQw7(w3) and DQw8(w3) specificities may confer susceptibility to alopecia areata, while DRw52a may confer resistance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Disorders of hair.

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Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1987

Thioredoxin reductase. Role in free radical reduction in different hypopigmentation disorders.

Membrane-associated thioredoxin reductase (TR) has been discovered to reduce free radicals at the surface of the skin. An accurate bioassay for this enzyme has been developed by using a spin-labeled quaternary ammonium salt as a free radical substrate. Enzyme activity has been correlated with the surface area, and units of specific activity have been determined as the sequential decrease in nitroxide radical reduction per 3-mm punch biopsy per ten minutes. The TR activity in a random population of 30 healthy volunteers with different skin types (Fitzpatrick classification I through VI) could be correlated to the skin type. Ten patients with untreated vitiligo, two with piebaldism, three with albinism, and two with postinflammatory leukoderma were examined and the findings were compared with the expected rates for the individuals' skin types. The results from this survey on the human population support our previous molecular experiments on the control of melanin biosynthesis by TR in the epidermis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

General evaluation of the patient with alopecia.

The evaluation of the patient with alopecia is a multistep process that comprises obtaining a good medical history, performing the clinical examination with a special emphasis on the examination of cut and plucked hair, doing a scalp biopsy, and ordering appropriate laboratory studies. Genetic counseling may be given if it is requested.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1985

Skin diseases of the external genitalia. Recognition and treatment.

Dermatologic diseases of the genitalia are of several types: congenital diseases, acquired diseases (those caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or physical or chemical toxins), tumors, and atrophic dermatoses. The methods available to diagnose these diseases vary. Some conditions may be recognized by appearance alone, whereas others require histopathologic examination of involved skin for correct diagnosis. Some do not need treatment, while others call for an aggressive approach. Some types of genital dermatologic diseases, such as herpes infections and condylomata acuminata, appear to be associated with genital carcinogenesis. Patients with these diseases should be carefully examined.

Acyclovir↗