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Biomedical subjects

M K Jinadu

Publications and source records attributed to M K Jinadu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Evaluation of an innovative approach to community-based medical undergraduate education in Nigeria.

CONTEXT: Although innovative, community-oriented and PHC-focused medical education programmes have been in operation in some medical schools in Nigeria for over a decade, they are yet to be comprehensively evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This study therefore aimed at evaluating some impacts of the programmes on medical education in the country. METHODS: The study was conducted in three innovative medical schools in South-Western Nigeria. Two traditional medical schools were selected as control. Questionnaires were used for the collection of data from random samples of 44 final year medical students in the innovative medical schools (SIMS) and 40 final year medical students in the traditional medical schools (STMS). Forty (40) medical graduates of the innovative medical schools (GIMS) and 33 graduates of the traditional medical schools (GTMS) also participated in the study. In addition, in-depth interviews of key stakeholders of the programmes and focus group discussions of selected members of the communities were conducted. FINDINGS: Findings revealed that the graduates of the innovative schools were better exposed to PHC education than those in the traditional schools. Their perceptions of the objectives of, and functions during, the PHC education were significantly different. Methods of learning during the programmes appear to be more experiential and inductive. Attitudes of members of rural communities were also favourable to the programmes. CONCLUSION: The innovative programmes appear to have impacted positively on medical education in the country. A major deficiency of the programmes is inadequacy of human and material resources for their effective functioning.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Modification and improvement of nutritive quality of cornpap "Ogi" with cowpea and groundnut milk.

The study aimed at improving the nutritive quality of cornpap, "Ogi", the most popular infant feed in Nigeria. Milk samples of cowpea, groundnut and soyabean and their complementations with cornpap were assessed chemically, organoleptically and anthropometrically. The protein contents of milk from cowpea, groundnut and soyabean were 1.18, 1.6, and 1.23% respectively. On separate complementation of the milk sources with cornpap, the low protein content of "ogi" was increased from 0.3% to 2.79% with cowpea; 3.0% with groundnut and 3.64% with soyabean. The fat content of the complementary feeds also increased remarkably. The anthropometric study revealed that there were significant differences P = 0.001 between the mean weight of children aged 13 to 18 (92 +/- 1.2) and 19 to 24 months (9.9 +/- 1.3) who were fed the three sources of milk with cornpap, and the control group of the same age groups (8.5 + 1.5; 9.3 + 1.11) who received nutrition education and no complementary feeds. Of the three sources of milk, groundnut milk was ranked as the most likeable, the easiest to prepare and the least costly by the nursing mothers. This study has shown that some of the deep rooted cultural food taboos that prohibit locally available and nutritious feeds to infants could be changed through practical food demonstrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in Nigerian preschool children subsisting on high intakes of carotenes.

The prevalence of malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency was determined in 204 preschool children of both sexes aged 3-57 months. The children were recruited from 2 rural communities of Atakumosa Local Government Area of Osun State in South West Nigeria. Dietary vitamin A intake was estimated from frequency of consumption of locally available vitamin A containing food items. Vitamin A status of the children was assessed from concentration of retinol in plasma. Nutritional status was assessed from height and weight compared with international reference standards. The results indicate widespread malnutrition among the children. The prevalence of stunting (low height for age) was 60.8% while prevalence of wasting (low weight for height) was 7.4% and of underweight (low weight for age) 27.5%. Dietary vitamin A intake appeared to be adequate in the children. Intake of vitamin A is predominantly from plant sources. At least 43% of the children consumed the carotene rich red palm oil 6 or more times per week in contrast to less than 1% who consumed eggs or milk for 6 or more times per week. Vitamin A deficiency was low in the children. Only 11.3% of the children had plasma retinol concentration < 0.70 mumol/L. The results indicate that childhood malnutrition of public health magnitude can coexist with adequate dietary vitamin A intakes or vitamin A status.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1997

Traditional fertility regulation among the Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria. I. A study of prevalence, attitudes, practice and methods.

This study was conducted among Yoruba women and traditional healers with the aim of identifying and describing the practice, preparation, and administration of traditional contraceptives. The data were obtained in 1990 from a random sample of 1,400 women of childbearing age and 42 traditional healers in Nigeria's Oranmiyan area, using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Findings revealed that knowledge of the traditional contraceptives is nearly universal among the Yoruba population, and the traditional contraceptive prevalence rate is 7.1 percent. The use of traditional contraceptives was significantly more common among uneducated women and among women aged 20 to 29 years old. Findings also revealed the existence of four main varieties of traditional contraceptive devices, the methods of preparation of the traditional contraceptives, varieties of herbal and animal products used, methods of administration, and taboos against usage. The easy accessibility of traditional medical practitioners and the belief that traditional contraceptive devices are devoid of complications, especially among those experienced with modern contraceptive devices, were the main reasons women cited for patronizing the traditional practitioners. The paper concludes with policy implications for family planning programmers in Nigeria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Traditional fertility regulation methods among the Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria. II. A prospective study of use-effectiveness.

This study investigated the effectiveness of traditional contraceptives commonly used by Yoruba women, and the attitudes of users and non-users towards family planning services and contraceptives in Nigeria. One hundred forty-two married women aged 19 to 40 years were followed for 18 months. Seventy-two of the women were identified as current users of four types of traditional contraceptives (ring, incision, soup, and waistband types), and 70 women did not use any type of contraceptive. The users and non-users were matched on socio-demographic characteristics. Attitudes of the users and non-users towards fertility regulation were investigated using focus group discussions. The study found that 5.6 percent of the users and 34.5 percent of the non-users became pregnant during the follow-up period. Contraceptive failure was experienced by users of the waistband and ring methods. The main barriers to the use of modern contraceptives as described by women were the negative attitudes of men and the fear of side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Partnership for primary care.

A project for improving primary health care in an underserved rural area of Osun State, Nigeria, involved the creation of a partnership between the local government, the community and a medical college. Joint administrative and technical committees were established, and community mobilization was fostered. The evidence so far indicates that partnership designs can accelerate the development of primary health care in an affordable manner.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Feeding practices of mothers during childhood diarrhoea in a rural area of Nigeria.

Our main objective was the identification of different types of foods given or withheld for various kinds of childhood diarrhoea. The study was conducted in rural Yoruba communities of Osun State, Nigeria. Questionnaires and focus group discussions were used and a total of 335 randomly selected mothers with children under 5 years of age were interviewed. The diets chosen by the mothers reflect cultural perceptions of the aetiology of illness and of the therapeutic properties of local foodstuffs. Raw corn starch is believed to be an anti-diarrhoeal agent and therefore given for all types of diarrhoea, while rice is avoided. Sugar, sweet foods and groundnut preparations, which are perceived as causes of bloody diarrhoea and related illnesses, are proscribed. Sixty per cent of mothers would reduce the intake of fluids for the most common types of diarrhoea. Their level of education does not make any significant difference. To ensure adequate home management of childhood diarrhoea, educational interventions must take into account prevailing beliefs in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

A study of urinary schistosomiasis among 553 randomly selected primary and secondary school children in Ile-Ife township in 1988 shows that nearly half (48.5%) of the school children were infected. There was a sharp increase in both the prevalence and intensity of the infection up to age 13 years which then declined slightly by age 14. About 50% of the infected school children had gross hematuria. There was an association between the intensity of the infection and the presence of hematuria. The main strategies recommended for the control of the infection were regular disinfection of ponds and streams in the town and adequate treatment of infected school children, backed up with school health education programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Adolescent sexual behavior and condom use in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

A study to identify risky sexual behaviors related to condom use was conducted in a Yoruba-speaking urban area of Nigeria. The subjects were 256 randomly selected male high school students, 15-19 years of age, who completed a self-administered questionnaire. The majority (79%, or 194) reported having had heterosexual intercourse in the previous 12 months, 9 (4.6%) with prostitutes and 107 (55.4%) with more than one sexual partner. Three subjects who had more than one sexual partner and 1 of the 9 who had sexual intercourse with a prostitute had used a condom. Condoms were reported to be used only for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy by 61.3% of the students. Implications of these findings for adolescent AIDS education in Africa are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Childhood diarrhoea in rural Nigeria. I. Studies on prevalence, mortality and socio-environmental factors.

This population-based study was conducted to determine the prevalence, mortality, and socio-environmental determinants of diarrhoeal diseases in children less than 5-years of age in a rural area of Akoko North, Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of 856 households with children less than 5-years old were randomly selected for the questionnaire and observational investigations. A two-week prevalence rate of the diseases among the children was 8.1%. The rate was highest among children 0-11 months old and slightly higher among the boys than girls. The infant mortality rate was 102/1000 and the mortality rate in less than 5-year old children was 62.1/1000 in the area. The majority of these deaths took place in the homes and health centres and were never reported. Social and environmental factors including dirty feeding bottles and utensils, inadequate disposal of faeces and household refuse, and poor storage of drinking water were found to be significantly related to the high incidence of the diseases. Educational interventions recommended for the control of the disease focused on these factors.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Emotional changes in pregnancy and early puerperium among the Yoruba women of Nigeria.

A randomly selected clinic population of 400 pregnant women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were interviewed for complaints of psychological disorders during the last trimester of pregnancy and the post-partum period. The study shows a considerable degree of psychological disturbances during pregnancy which later decreased significantly during the post-partum. While the complaints of worrying, guilt-feeling, nausea and vomiting and "heat in-the-head", were significantly more common in younger women, insomnia and anorexia were more common in older women. The incidence of psychological complaints among the women decreased with increasing parity. There was no significant difference in the incidence between women with monogamous and polygamous marriages.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effectiveness of primary health-care nurses in the promotion of oral rehydration therapy in a rural area of Nigeria.

Using a pre- and post-intervention method, this study evaluates the effects of verbal instructions and demonstration by the primary health-care nurses on knowledge, attitude and practice of home management of childhood diarrhoea by mothers in a rural area of Nigeria. Although the proportion of mothers that knew how to prepare and give oral rehydration therapy (ORT) increased significantly from 6.2 to 47.0%, few (9.5%) were practising it during subsequent episodes of diarrhoea. The use of starvation by the mothers also decreased significantly from 43.0 to 8.2% however the use of traditional medicines and medicines from chemists did not show any significant change. The beliefs that sugar worsens diarrhoea, that home-made ORT was not a medicine, and continued reliance of the mothers on traditional healers and medicine dealers for advice were factors constraining adoption of the ORT by the mothers. For effectiveness, therefore, the educational programmes of the nurses should also be directed at the traditional healers and the medicine dealers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Factors affecting delayed walking skill in malnourished children.

This research examined children between 13 and 23 months of age with developmental delays in walking. Children in the experimental group received intensive infant stimulation and, subsequently approximately 71% were able to walk by themselves. In contrast, 32% of those children receiving only verbal instruction were able to achieve this important milestone. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between the control and experimental group in acquiring walking skills. Mothers' lack of awareness about infant stimulation and lack of supervision on the part of health workers are the major contributing factors to delayed walking skill in these children. The study highlights the importance of taking health care to the home of clients, the most neglected aspect of primary health in this part of the world.

Female↗