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Biomedical subjects

M K Tandon

Publications and source records attributed to M K Tandon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Double-blind crossover study of nedocromil sodium in partially reversible chronic obstructive airways disease.

The efficacy of 8 weeks of treatment with 4 mg of nedocromil sodium 4 times daily in the management of partially reversible chronic airflow obstruction was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial at Repatriation General Hospital, Western Australia. Sixty-seven patients with a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 0.99 L, which improved by 21.8 percent after beta 2-adrenergic bronchodilator, took part in the full 24-week study. After a 4-week run-in period, in addition to their regular therapy comprised of inhaled or oral bronchodilators and steroids (which remained unchanged), patients were randomly allocated to receive treatment with nedocromil sodium or placebo for 8 weeks. This was followed by a 4-week washout, and then the patients were given the alternative test treatment to that given in the first period for another 8 weeks. Compared with placebo, patients receiving nedocromil sodium had improvement in their morning and evening peak flow rates, symptom scores for cough, sleep disturbance, and overall treatment efficacy. Hence, treatment with nedocromil sodium should be considered for patients with partially reversible chronic airflow obstruction not fully controlled with bronchodilators and steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Acupuncture for bronchial asthma? A double-blind crossover study.

The therapeutic effectiveness of classic Chinese acupuncture was compared with "placebo" acupuncture in 15 patients with stable bronchial asthma. The patients received treatments with real and placebo acupuncture in a randomly ordered, subject and evaluator-blind crossover fashion twice weekly for five weeks. Both real and placebo treatment periods were preceded by three week periods when no acupuncture was administered. Five patients felt better on real treatment, five patients preferred placebo and five did not feel any improvement on either of the two treatments. Treatment with real acupuncture when compared with no treatment and placebo treatment failed to provide any improvement in daily peak flow rates, asthma symptom scores, number of puffs of beta 2-agonist aerosol use, and pulmonary function results.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1991

A controlled trial of a killed Haemophilus influenzae vaccine for prevention of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Sixty-four patients with chronic bronchitis with a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections were admitted to a double-blind randomised controlled study in which the efficacy of an oral vaccine containing killed Haemophilus influenzae in preventing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis was compared with placebo. Patients given vaccine developed fewer acute infective episodes. Although the numbers of patients who required antibiotic therapy in the two groups were not significantly different, the number of antibiotic prescriptions given to the vaccinated group of patients was significantly less than that required by the control group. A reduction in colonisation with Haemophilus influenzae occurred in the active group, which was maximal 14 weeks after the onset of the study.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Bronchodilator treatment for partially reversible chronic obstructive airways disease.

The effect of six weeks' treatment with inhaled terbutaline (1 mg four times a day), optimised doses of theophylline (twice a day), the combination of theophylline and terbutaline, and placebo was studied in a randomised, double blind, crossover trial. Thirty patients with partially reversible chronic airflow obstruction and a mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 1.2 litres that improved by 25% were included in the study. Patients who developed non-infective exacerbations of airflow obstruction that required additional bronchodilator treatment were classed as "treatment failures." Such treatment failure occurred in 23 patients with placebo, in 22 patients with theophylline, in 12 patients with terbutaline, and in two patients taking the two drugs. Mean daily peak flow readings were highest with the combination of the two drugs, followed by terbutaline and then theophylline, and lowest with placebo. Thus a combination of terbutaline and theophylline was superior to either drug alone; inhaled terbutaline was superior to theophylline alone. Theophylline alone does not appear to have much place in the management of patients with partially reversible obstructive airways disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of real and placebo acupuncture in histamine-induced asthma. A double-blind crossover study.

A double-blind crossover study of the effects of real and placebo acupuncture on bronchial reactivity to histamine was carried out on 16 patients with moderately severe asthma. Treatment with real or placebo acupuncture failed to modulate the bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine. These results suggest that a single treatment with acupuncture is unlikely to provide improvement in the management of acute bronchial asthma.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1983

Optiflex angle fixation lens.

The Optiflex anterior chamber lens was implanted in 153 eyes of 150 patients. This lens was selected because it was lathe cut, with a good surface finish as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, had an open haptic and required a simple implantation technique. The surgeon's standard intracapsular or extracapsular technique was used and adjunctive agents, such as Healon, were not required. Observations made over an 18-month period revealed no corneal decompensation, which was probably an advantage of the lens design and insertion technique. Corneal astigmatism was the principal disadvantage.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Extended wear soft contact lenses in the correction of aphakia.

This paper reports the study over a 2-year period of forty patients with uniocular aphakia fitted with spherical extended wear hydrophilic lenses: Sauflon 85 per cent and Duragel 72 per cent. The patients' ages ranged from 17 to 87 years (mean 52). They were unable to handle a daily wear soft lens or tolerate a hard lens. The success rate was 85 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Double-blind crossover trial comparing beclomethasone dipropionate and sodium cromoglycate in perennial allergic rhinitis.

A double-blind crossover trial comparing the clinical efficacy of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate and intranasal sodium cromoglycate was carried out in fourteen patients with perennial rhinitis due to animal danders. Intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate was significantly more effective than intranasal sodium cromoglycate in relieving nasal obstruction, nasal discharge and sneezing. Eleven patients reported preference for beclomethasone dipropionate and three had no preference for either drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cardiopulmonary effects of fenoterol and salbutamol aerosols.

Comparative evaluation of the bronchodilator and cardiovascular effects of cumulative dose of fenoterol and salbutamol (albuterol) aerosols was carried out in an open crossover study on 15 patients with chronic stable reversible airways obstruction. On a weight for weight basis, there was no significant difference in the bronchodilator efficacy of fenoterol and salbutamol; though the heart rates after fenoterol were significantly higher than after salbutamol. Ventricular dysrhythmias requiring premature cessation of the study in four patients were seen with fenoterol; whereas no significant ventricular dysrhythmias were observed with salbutamol. It is concluded that salbutamol has lesser cardiostimulatory effects than fenoterol.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1979

Cross-over study of the efficacy of four beta 2-sympathomimetic bronchodilator aerosols.

1 Bronchodilator efficacy of four beta 2-sympathomimetic aerosols, fenoterol, orciprenaline, salbutamol and terbutaline has been compared in nine patients with chronic stable reversible airways obstruction using a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over design. Two puffs of each agent were given on two separate occasions to each of the patients and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the vital capacity (VC) were measured before and 30, 90, 150 and 210 min after administration. 2 Multivariate analysis of the data at 30 min showed FEV1 and VC in these patients to be so highly correlated that they could be considered as a single variable. 3 When absolute change in VC at 30 min was used as the response criterion, efficacy of the four drugs was significantly better than placebo (P < 0.01). It was not possible to rank all four drugs in order of effectiveness; fenoterol and salbutamol were significantly better than terbutaline and orciprenaline (P < 0.01) but this was complicated by a significant interaction effect between drugs and patients (P < 0.01). 4 Similar results were obtained when absolute and relative changes in FEV1 and VC and area under the curve were used as response variables. 5 The study demonstrates that important individual differences in patient response may be concealed if only average drug effects are considered.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1978

Adjunct treatment with yoga in chronic severe airways obstruction.

Eleven patients with severe chronic airways obstruction were given training in yogic breathing exercises and postures. A matched group of 11 patients were given physiotherapy breathing exercises. Both groups of patients were followed up at monthly intervals for nine months with pulmonary function tests, tests of exercise tolerance, and inquiry into their symptoms. After training in yoga the mean maximum work increased significantly by 60.55 kpm; whereas no such rise occurred after training in physiotherapy. This objective improvement was associated with symptomatic improvement in a significantly higher number of patients given training in yoga.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

A comparative trial of co-trimoxazole and amoxycillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

A single-blind comparative trial of the effectiveness of co-trimoxazole and amoxycillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis was carried out on 60 hospital patients. Both forms of treatment were equally effective in producing clinical improvement and reduction of sputum purulence and volume. There was no significant difference, either in the speed of recovery, or in the relapse rate, after treatment with co-trimoxazole and amoxycillin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Chronic bronchitis in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland.

A study of chronic bronchitis was carried out on 195 ex-servicemen from Victoria New South Wales and Queensland. Exacerbations of chest symptoms were commonly found and chronic bronchitis was in important cause of haemoptysis. Weather conditions, especially cold weather, affected chest symptoms and early age of starting to smoke affected the incidence of severe bronchitis. The clinical profiles of the cases studied were similar to those in some of the reports from Canada and Britain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Comparative effectiveness of tetracycline, minocycline and doxycycline in treatment of acute-on-chronic bronchitis. A study based on sputum levels.

After the administration of minocycline, doxycyline and tetracycline in recommended therapeutic doses to 11, 10 and 12 patients respectively, sputum levels of these antibiotics were determined. Only 20% of patients given doxcycline had a satisfactory sputum level and in the remainder levels were either low or absent. For patients receiving tetracycline and minocycline, 67% and 64% respectively had satisfactory sputum levels. Patients selected for this study had a history of chronic bronchitis and were producing copious amounts of purulent sputum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of these three antibiotics were similar for 25 freshly isolated strains of Haemophilus influenzae, with minocycline being the most inhibitory and doxcycline the least inhibitory.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗