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M Kala

Publications and source records attributed to M Kala.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Massive pulmonary embolism--attempt at embolectomy following the failure of thrombolytic treatment].

We report a case of a 61-year-old woman with progressive dyspnoea, fatigue and tiredness over the last two weeks. Based on physical examination on admission, ECHO and CT exams, a diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism was confirmed and the patient received thrombolytic treatment. Since no response to thrombolysis was apparent and the patient was clinically unstable with persisting signs of right ventricular dysfunction in echocardiography, a rescue surgical embolectomy was ordered and performed using cardiopulmonary bypass. Multiple large clots were removed from both pulmonary arteries. Following embolectomy, severe irreversible right ventricular failure developed and the patient died. Autopsy revealed large blood clots in peripheral pulmonary circulation causing terminal right-heart failure. We discuss the therapeutic options in massive pulmonary embolism and the potential role of rescue surgical embolectomy.

Embolectomy↗
PubMed2001

Apoptosis, analysed by means of lamin B detection, correlates with grade of astroglial tumours but not with p27Kip1/retinoblastoma protein expression.

The aim of our study was to correlate apoptosis, assessed by means of lamin B degradation, with grade of tumour and immunohistochemical expression of p27Kip1 and retinoblastoma protein (pRB) in a series of 32 low-grade astrocytomas (LGA) and 43 high-grade astrocytomas (HGA). Determination and analysis of lamin B expression was achieved stereologically with the use of computerised interactive image analysis. The average stereological surface density of the lamin-positive nuclear surface of cells showing evidence of lamin degradation cells was 13.80 mm2/mm3 in LGA and 21.02 mm2/mm3 in HGA. The average range of immunopositivity of p27 and pRB expression was 2.85 and 2.10, respectively, in LGA and 1.80 and 0.88, respectively, in HGA. The rate of apoptosis indirectly correlated with the expression of both p27 and pRB but was not fully significant (P < or = 0.09). Our findings suggest that there may be a loss of function of main cell-cycle regulators and increased uncontrolled cell death in addition to increased cell proliferation in high-grade astrocytomas. Moreover, we believe that the detection of lamin B degradation in astroglial tumours can be an alternative, precise and convenient assay for the detection of a defined set of apoptotic cells. However, before being applied more generally, comparative research should be done on different methods of quantifying apoptosis, with the intent of finding the difference between biologically different methods. Such studies would also be able to find the method associated with the strongest prognostic power.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2001

Direct antigen capture by soluble scFv antibodies. A method for detection, characterization, and determination of affinity.

For ease of detection, soluble forms of phage-displayed scFv antibodies are usually expressed with a tag, e.g., c-myc or His (Histidine). The binding is then assayed by a monoclonal antibody to the tag. In this article, we describe the use of biotinylated antigen for detecting soluble scFv antibodies without utilizing the peptide tag detection system. The scFv antibodies were against the oncoplacental antigen heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP). The method essentially consisted of either reverse Western or antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the reverse Western, periplasmic extract was electrophoresed, and binding to biotinylated antigen was detected by the detection system based on streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase. The antigen capture ELISA utilized the binding of periplasmic extract to a polystyrene plate. We have also demonstrated the use of antigen capture ELISA for studying specificity and affinity of the selected clones. Although these techniques have been developed for antibodies to HSAP, they have general utility for phage expression systems without a peptide tag.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the apoptotic rate in glial tumors of the brain.

Modern molecular biology methods allow a more precise analysis of the biological characteristics of tumors and, consequently, a more precise treatment plan. The determination of apoptotic rate and expression of apoptosis-related proteins belong among the important prognostic/diagnostic markers in many tumors. The validity of these factors had not yet been sufficiently analyzed in astroglial tumors. The aim of this work was therefore to study mutual relationships between apoptotic rate, expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins and some clinical and histopathological data. The TUNEL method was used for the determination of apoptosis in 44 astroglial tumor specimens. The percentage of TUNEL positive cells was expressed by the TUNEL index (TI). The TI data was compared with the immunohistochemically detected expression of proteins involved in apoptosis (BCL-2, FAS, FAS-L, and caspase 1), with grading, age, proliferative activity (assessed by PCNA expression analysis) and overall survival of patients. The statistical evaluation of results was done by two-way sample analysis of variance. We have demonstrated significantly higher values of both TI and expression of FAS-L and caspase 1 in low grade tumors, which were characterized by a longer survival, lower average age and a lower expression of PCNA. FAS-L expression correlated significantly with the expression of the caspase 1. No significant difference was found between the expression of BCL-2 and FAS. These results suggest that the determination of TI in astroglial tumors may be an important prognostic marker. The expression of FAS-L and caspase 1 in low grade astroglial tumors could indicate the increased readiness to apoptosis via the FAS/FAS-L cascade.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Magnetic bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detects antigen-specific binding by phage-displayed scFv antibodies that are not detected with conventional ELISA.

An efficient means for the detection of antigen-specific binding by phage-displayed antibodies would facilitate the selection of such phage, especially from libraries with large repertoires of V-genes. We report the development and characterization of a magnetic bead phage ELISA which detects antigen binding phage which could not be detected by conventional ELISA. We were attempting to select phage binding to the oncodevelopmental antigen, heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP). Although there was an obvious enrichment in the phage titers after successive rounds of selection, we were unable to detect antigen-binding phage by ELISA on a plastic surface. However, ELISA with a suspension of superparamagnetic particles covalently conjugated to HSAP effectively identified antigen-binding phage after the fourth round of selection. This method could also detect antigen-specific binding of individual phage clones. Some of the phage clones bound to either amino- or carboxy-terminal-conjugated HSAP, perhaps reflecting the differences in the exposed epitopes. It is suggested that a sensitive method such as magnetic bead phage ELISA be tried before declaring a phage selection as unsuccessful or concluding that a phage clone does not bind antigen.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Prognostic factors in astrocytomas: relationship of p53, MDM-2, BCL-2 and PCNA immunohistochemical expression to tumor grade and overall patient survival.

The immunohistochemically detected expression of p53, BCL-2, MDM-2 and PCNA proteins in samples of tumor tissues of 42 patients with astrocytomas or glioblastoma multiforme was statistically compared to degree of malignancy and overall survival. We found relation between p53 protein expression and survival in the high grade astrocytomas group (more cases of p53 immunonegative tumors with longer survival), and significantly higher BCL-2 protein expression as well as significantly higher MDM-2 protein expression in the group of low grade astrocytomas. PCNA protein expression showed any relation to tumor grade or survival. Despite the rather small number of samples these results support the hypothesis that MDM-2 protein may be a potent regulator of functional p53, expressed in low grade astrocytoma only.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst after anterior stabilization for cervical spine injury treated by ventricular drainage: case report.

The author describes postsurgical formation of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pseudocyst after anterior decompression and stabilization for cervical spine injury. The CSF pseudocyst was caused by extensive lacerations to the spinal dura mater. A further contributory factor was a circulation blockage of CSF in the spinal canal, brought about by edema of the contused spinal cord. Ventricular drainage caused rapid collapse of the pseudocyst and its subsequent healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos)].

In a surgical specimen from a 33-year old woman with features of expansive cerebellar symptomatology, dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos) was diagnosed by histology. The lesion was characterized by typical proliferation of dysplastic neuronal elements in the cortical granular and Purkinje cell layers. Immunohistology showed focal positivity of synaptophysin in some cells, thus confirming their neuronal origin. In electron microscopy, peculiar features of ER in some of dysplastic cells was also noted. Genetic examination proved familiar incidence of Cowden's disease in several members. Chromosomal examination of the patient (karyotype 46, XX) was without abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Expression of p53 in glioblastoma multiforme cells: relationship to survival, proliferation and glycosylation.

Immunohistochemically assessed p53 expression was correlated with overall survival in 20 patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Various epitopes of p53 molecule were detected using DO-1, DO-7, CM-1 and BP-12-53 antibodies, proliferative activity was estimated using anti-PCNA and anti-Ki-67 antibodies and assessment of glycosylation changes using lectin histochemistry completed the study. The results show a statistically significant correlation between DO-1 binding and survival. However, we failed to find any similar statistically significant relationship using other antibodies used in this study. Nor the intensity of proliferative activity show any correlation with either p53 expression or overall survival. Glycosylation in glioblastoma multiforme cells reflected unspecific changes in tumor cells regardless of any relationship to p53 expression. The findings do not provide clear evidence for the predictive value of p53 expression. On the other hand, relatively larger numbers of p53 immunonegative cases may indicate that other mechanisms are involved in the development of this tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment of glioblastoma multiforme].

The authors evaluate therapeutic results in 31 patients with the diagnosis of multiform glioblastoma. The comprehensive therapeutic procedure used as a rule which involves surgery, radiotherapy and in some instances also chemotherapy still gives very unsatisfactory results. The mean survival period of patients after surgery was 26.7 weeks and the mortality of patients within one month was 22.6%. Even radical surgery does not produce more favourable therapeutic results. Contemporary trends of preclinical and clinical research are focused in particular on different immunotherapeutic methods.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Aspiration or extirpation in cerebral abscess surgery?

The author carried out CT investigation of 11 patients who recovered after cerebral abscess operation. The finding established in all cases was a hypodensic area of various extensions, which, in 4 patients, made the impression of pseudocysts. Large pathologic lesions were found mainly in the patients in whom healing was complicated by relapse. Surprisingly, rather extensive pathologic changes in the patients were found which were cured by so-called "minimalized surgical intervention". The author imputes these changes to the remaining granulation tissue of the abscess capsula, which worsens conditions for healing. Aspiration is suitable mainly in cases in which the abscess is not -- or only slightly encapsulated. Preoperation CT scans cannot establish exactly the presence and eventual thickness of the capsula. The establishment relationship of the kind and extent of operation to the extent of later cerebral tissue changes in CT findings requires further observation and verification in a larger group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Application of Corynebacterium parvum lysate into the brain of rats--morphological study.

The authors investigated the influence of application of the Corynebacterium parvum lysate (CPL) into the brain of rats with aim to define the resulting morphological changes. Variable amount of the CPL (0.1, 0.35, 0.7 mg) was injected under stereotactic control into frontal lobe of the left cerebral hemisphere. Morphological changes were studied after intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 30 days respectively. CPL lead to inflammatory and reparative changes in direct relations to the administered dosage. The most pronounced reaction was observed on days 3 and 7. Morphological changes were still visible on day 14. There were no valid difference between the application of efficient CPL and the control physiological saline solution (PSS) after thirty days. The authors suggested that CPL is likely to be safe also in human malignant brain tumor therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Local application of antibiotics in treatment of cerebral abscess.

The authors evaluate 61 patients treated for cerebral abscess. These patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 42 patients who had the cavity left after the removal of the abscess irrigated with an antibiotic during the surgery. The other group of 19 patients were treated without this antibiotics. Only 2 patients of the first group (i.e. 4.7%) died as against the 6 deaths (i.e. 31.5%) in the other group. This result indicates the beneficial effect local administration of antibiotics has in treating cerebral abscess. This observation should however be checked on a larger series of patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Subdural empyema. Present possibilities of diagnosis and therapy].

The authors give an account of their experience with the diagnosis and treatment of subdural empyema. In 1953-1991 in the neurosurgical department in Olomouc a total of five patients with this diagnosis were treated. None of them died. In all patients before operation symptoms of meningeal irritation, fever and in four patients a focal neurological symptomatology was observed. The authors reached the conclusion that the best surgical approach is craniotomy or craniectomy which should be preferred to minor surgical operations. Treatment of the primary inflammatory focus leading to the development of subdural empyema must be part of the intracranial operation. Regular postoperative follow-up of the patient by means of CT makes it possible to detect in time relapses and leads to early surgical operation. The authors mention experience focused on possible errors in the CT diagnosis. The creation of the picture of subdural collection precedes oedema of the hemisphere with a shift of the structures in the median line. The subdural collection occurs in the subsequent stage of development of the disease.

Adolescent↗