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Biomedical subjects

M Kalliopuska

Publications and source records attributed to M Kalliopuska.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

A study with a follow-up of the effects of music education on holistic development of empathy.

Half of the 32 children, aged 6 yr. old, took part in the 12-hr. holistic empathy education program with music exercises over three months. Others were controls. Children were tested at a pretest, 3 months later at the posttet after the training, and follow-up test, 9 months after posttest. The Feshbach and Roe Empathy Slide Test, the Weir and Duveen Prosociability Rating Scale, and the Kalliopuska Prosociability Rating Scale for Teachers were used. Empathy and prosociability increased significantly from pretest to posttest after empathy education. As hypothesized, comparison of pretest and follow-up test results showed a significant increase in empathy for the test group and a nonsignificant increase among controls.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Light milk products: effects of product information on women participating in the Women's Ten Kilometer Run.

418 women participating in the Women's Ten-kilometer Run completed a questionnaire of 51 questions. We hypothesized that a reliable health education brochure on light milk products would help to change consumption habits of milk products and other eating habits. 13% of women reported a positive change in their consumption of milk products. Seven variables explained 41% of the change in eating habits, and three variables (change of eating habits, knowledge about the prevention of osteoporosis, and reading the brochure) 37% of the change in consumption of milk products.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Hostility of asocial youth as measured by the TAT and Rorschach.

23 boys and 13 girls, aged 13 to 17 yr., from two homes for delinquents were given the Thematic Apperception Test. Girls were also given the Rorschach. The 1960 Hafner and Kaplan TAT and Rorschach hostility indices were related to the 1977 Luukkonen indices (aggression-inward, aggression-outward, fantasy-aggression, oral, anal and phallic content), to the Pruitt and Spilka empathy index, and to the Neiger reality index. The TAT hostility index for boys was significantly higher than that for girls; boys expressed more physical and girls more verbal hostility in TAT stories. On the Rorschach, aggression outward and inward correlated significantly with Rorschach hostility, phallic and oral themes.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1992

Self-esteem and narcissism among the most and least empathetic Finnish baseball players.

560 girls and 819 boys, ages 8 to 16 years and actively interested in Finnish baseball, were tested in small groups in three training-camp championship games with the modified Mehrabian and Epstein's Empathy Scale, and the Battle Self-esteem Inventory, Form B. Narcissism was estimated on the 1984 Emmons scale. The hypothesis that the most empathetic players compared with the least empathetic players have better self-esteem and less narcissism was confirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Attitudes towards health, health behaviour, and personality factors among school students very high on empathy.

It was hypothesized that school students very high on empathy would have better self-esteem, behave in a healthier manner, and also have more positive attitudes towards health behaviour than the least empathetic ones. Students were from a comprehensive school, from gymnasium, and from vocational school (Ns = 4268, 2205 girls, 2063 boys, aged 14 to 20 yr.). A modified Mehrabian and Epstein Empathy Scale and the Sensitivity scale were given. The Battle Self-esteem Scale, Form AD measured self-esteem and the Osborn and Harris Scale assertiveness. As a narcissism measure we used the modified Emmons Narcissism Scale. Scores were divided into quartiles. The most empathetic students were compared with the least empathetic ones; the former were more assertive, less narcissistic, less self-focussed, and more sensitive. They had more positive attitudes towards health behaviour: they smoked less and used less alcohol than the least empathetic ones. A holistic empathetic trend is seen in thoughts and in behaviour, which works against narcissism. These results confirm that humans need education on empathy in schools to promote mental growth and health behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Grouping of children's helping behaviour.

215 school children aged 9 to 12 yr. were grouped according to their helping behaviour. The following variables were measured: helping, empathy, altruism, morality, attribution of responsibility, cognitive readiness to help, willingness to help, social desirability, and abstract thinking. In a factor analysis age and sex were included. Five factors were extracted and interpreted: empathetic helping, socially desirable helping, cognitive helping, intentionality, and rational helping. According to grouping analysis these five factors were weighted differently, and three groups were identified, (1) real helpers with high empathy, altruism, morality, and cognitive readiness to help, (2) normative helpers, motivated by social desirability or cognitive factors with poor empathy level, and (3) cognitively premature, rational helpers with poor empathy and with weak social desirability.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Loneliness related to self-concept.

The Differential Loneliness Scale and the UCLA Loneliness Scale were given to 30 persons attending a mental growth group (test group) and 36 adult students of psychology (the control group). Ages of the subjects ranged from 19 to 45 years. Self-concept was measured by Fitts' Tennessee Self-concept Scale and scored using both Clinical and Counselling forms. The first group showed greater loneliness, lower scores on physical self, and higher scores on moral-ethical self than the controls, and also had significantly lower scores on the neurosis scale and the defensive positive scale. A trend towards social maladjustment and personality disordered behavior was observed. Shyness and the typical introverted character for many Finns are discussed in connection with loneliness, social maladjustment, and lack of social skills.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Empathy, self-esteem and creativity among junior ballet dancers.

62 junior ballet dancers from the Finnish National Opera (44 girls, 18 boys, ages 9 to 17 yr.) completed the Battle Self-esteem Inventory Form B or AD, the Tennessee Self-concept Scale, 2 factors from Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory, 10 items from Rosenberg's scale, the modified Mehrabian and Epstein Empathy Scale, a questionnaire on hobbies, the Rorschach and the Figural B Form of Torrance's creativity test. Analysis showed dancers trained 4-5 nights/week, tended to have creative hobbies, were more empathetic and sensitive (especially girls) than controls. Dancers had higher self-esteem than the normative sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Relation of ineffective communication of emotion and children's recognition of emotional expressions.

The relationship of discrepancies found in parents' appraisals of emotion and children's abilities to discriminate emotional expressions was examined among 92 6- to 6 1/2-yr.-old kindergarten girls and their parents. Results supported the supposition that the discrepancies in parents' appraisals of emotion could reflect ineffective communication of emotion within the family. Greater discrepancies of appraisals of emotion noted in parents were associated with weaker recognition of emotional expressions by their daughters. Families present children distorted methods of expressing and interpreting feelings and a model of discrepant and nongenuine social communication.

Child↗