Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Kanamaru.
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We have developed two kinds of microcomputer programs for evaluation of psychomotor function in man. In one (simple test), two single-digit random numbers are displayed, and the subject inputs the last figure of their sum from the keyboard. The performance during two sequential trial periods of 5 min with a rest interval of 1 min is evaluated. In the other (complicated test), four single-digit random numbers are displayed and the test is performed in the same manner. With the latter we intended to decrease the efficacy of performance by about 50% as compared with the former. A validation study of these programs was conducted in 20 healthy volunteers (14 males and 6 females) with caffeine as a central nervous stimulant. The study was a double-blind, placebo controlled and cross-over one. The subjects performed both of the above tests prior to and 1 h after an oral administration of a capsule containing either placebo or caffeine (230 mg) at an interval of 24 h. The numbers of correct answers during 10 min of trial were used for the evaluation of performance. The relationship between the performance of the simple test and that of the complicated test was linear and, as expected, the efficacy of the latter was about a half (48%) of the former in the total 40 performances of control. The concentration of caffeine in plasma was measured with and HPLC technique to be 4.4 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) 40 min after administration. Caffeine significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the performances of both tests 1 h after the administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Acute effects of 200 mg of orally given 4-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-o-phenylene diisobutyrate hydrochloride (ibopamine hydrochloride) which is a new diisobutyric ester of N-methyldopamine, on hemodynamics and metabolism were evaluated in 11 patients with severe heart failure (New York Heart Association class IV). Significant effects occurred within 30 min and persisted for 6 h after dosing. Peak effects were observed at 2 h. At peak effects, cardiac index increased from 2.53 to 3.07 l/min/m2 (+20%, p less than 0.01), stroke volume index from 35 to 41 ml/beat/m2 (+18%, p less than 0.05), stroke work index from 35 to 44 g X m/beat/m2 (+26%, p less than 0.05), epinephrine from 0.05 to 0.15 ng/ml (+200%, p less than 0.05), urine volume from 50 to 81 ml/h (+61%, p less than 0.05), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 23 to 18 mmHg (-24%, p less than 0.001), mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 33 to 27 mmHg (-19%, p less than 0.001), right atrial pressure from 10 to 7 mmHg (-27%, p less than 0.001), systemic vascular resistance from 1735 to 1546 dyne X s X cm-5 (-11%, p less than 0.1), pulmonary vascular resistance from 204 to 168 dyne X s X cm-5 (-25%, p less than 0.05), arterio-venous oxygen difference from 6.09 to 5.36 ml/dl (-12%, p less than 0.05), norepinephrine from 0.45 to 0.34 ng/ml (-24%, p less than 0.1), renin activity 1.80 to 1.26 ng/ml/h (-30%, p less than 0.05), respectively, whereas there were no significant changes in blood gases, heart rate, blood pressure, double product, aldosterone, urine Na+, K+ or lactate/pyruvate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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During myocardial ischemia produced in 43 dogs by occlusion of left coronary artery, electrical alternans developed in 34 experiments. The most common was alternans of ST-T complex. Surface and intracellular electrograms were recorded simultaneously from contiguous sites in the ischemic area. The alternans of ST-T complex in the surface electrogram corresponded to that of the rate of repolarization of the membrane action potential. The development of this alternans is localized in 2 relatively small area and transient. This may be the reason why electrical alternans of ST-T is clinically rare. A clinical case showing electrocardiographic changes of electrical alternans of ST-T complex without any change in the QRS complex is reported. Myocardial infarction and hypokalemia is considered as a cause of the alternans. The present results support the hypothesis that the mechanism of electrical alternans will be an alternation of the rate and extent of the ions transported across the myocardial cell membrane.
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The tolerance to and pharmacokinetics of cefixime, a new oral cephalosporin, were evaluated in healthy volunteers given the drug in single doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg and repeated doses of 200 mg bid for 14 days. In the repeated-dose study, there were mild and transient subjective symptoms such as soft stools, diarrhea, and anorexia, which disappeared without additional treatment during the dosing period. Slight increases in eosinophil and serum amylase levels were also observed. The serum concentrations of cefixime peaked at 0.71, 1.17, and 2.08 micrograms/mL on average, four to five hours after dosing with 50, 100, and 200 mg, respectively, and the half-lives were 2.54, 2.38, and 2.29 hours. Serum concentrations and urinary recoveries after dosing with 100 mg were little affected by food ingestion. There was no evidence of cefixime accumulation in the body by repeated dosing since mean serum concentrations and urinary recoveries were almost the same on the first, third, seventh, and 14th days of dosing.