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Biomedical subjects

M Kanaoka

Publications and source records attributed to M Kanaoka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Usual interstitial pneumonia: histologic correlation with high-resolution CT.

The authors reviewed 46 cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), correlating findings on high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scans with findings in specimens obtained at open lung biopsy and autopsy. The following HRCT findings were observed: (a) an accumulation of small cystic spaces with thick walls, (b) air bronchiolograms within areas of intense lung attenuation, (c) rugged pleural surfaces, (d) irregularly thickened pulmonary vessels, (e) bronchial wall thickening, and (f) slightly increased lung attenuation. Macroscopic honeycombing correlating with small cystic spaces was demonstrated at HRCT and pathologic examination. Air bronchiolograms in the areas of intense lung attenuation (ie, microscopic honeycombing) corresponded to dilated bronchioles (greater than 1 mm in diameter) with fibrosis. Irregularly thickened vessels and bronchial walls and irregular pleural surfaces were the result of fibrosis in the periphery of the secondary pulmonary lobules. Areas of slightly increased lung attenuation seen on the HRCT scans correlated with patchy alveolar septal fibrosis or inflammation. The authors conclude that microscopic honeycombing and a perilobular distribution in UIP may be clearly identified with HRCT.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Studies on the enzyme immunoassay of bio-active constituents in oriental medicinal drugs. VI. Enzyme immunoassay of ginsenoside Rb1 from Panax ginseng.

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), one of the glucosides of protopanaxadiol from Panax ginseng, was explored. A carrier protein (bovine serum albumin (BSA)) was coupled to the C-26 position on the unsaturated side chain of the protopanaxadiol moiety to prepare the immunogen. In order to perform bridge heterologous EIA, a label (beta-D-galactosidase) was introduced at C-26 of the saturated side chain to obtain labeled antigen. Anti-GRb1 antisera were elicited in rabbits by immunization with GRb1-BSA conjugate (9). The double antibody method (with goat anti-rabbit IgG antiserum) was used to separate the bound and free GRb1-beta-Gal. A satisfactory standard curve for EIA of GRb1 was obtained in the range of 0.04-10 ng/tube. In a comparison of the assay results obtained by EIA and HPLC, the linear regression equation and correlation coefficient for the two methods were y (EIA) = 9.18x(HPLC)-0.033 and 0.98, respectively. The anti-GRb1 antiserum cross-reacted with GRb2 (21.8%) and GRc (10.6%), which are also constituents of Panax ginseng.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Insertion of an elastase-binding loop into interleukin-1 beta.

The protease-binding sequence EAIPMSIPPE from alpha 1-antitrypsin has been inserted into the cytokine interleukin-1 beta, replacing residues 50-53. The resulting mutant protein was cleaved specifically at a single site by elastase and chymotrypsin, but not by trypsin. The cleavage by elastase was shown to be between Met and Ser of the inserted loop. In contrast, wild-type interleukin is not susceptible to cleavage by any of these enzymes. The mutant protein acts as an inhibitor of elastase, with a KI of approximately 30 microM. The wild type displays no such inhibitory activity. The overall structure of the mutant, as demonstrated by CD, appears to be indistinguishable from that of the wild type. These results indicate that the protease-binding region of alpha 1-antitrypsin can be recognized and is active even within the context of an entirely different protein structure. Given that interleukin-1 beta binds to, and is internalized by, many types of cells, this hybrid protein also demonstrates the feasibility of using interleukin-1 beta as a delivery system for useful therapeutic agents.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Effect of oral administration of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone.

The pharmacokinetics of total and free prednisolone (PSL) in six healthy men, with or without pretreatment with oral glycyrrhizin (GL), was investigated to confirm whether oral administration of GL influences the metabolism of PSL in man. Each subject received an intravenous administration of 0.096 mg/kg of prednisolone hemisuccinate (PSL-HS) with or without pretreatment with 50 mg of oral GL four times. Blood samples were taken from a peripheral vein at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 min and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h after the start of PSL-HS infusion. The concentrations of total PSL in plasma were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the free PSL was measured by an isocolloidosmolar equilibrium dialysis method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of PSL were determined by non-compartment analysis. Oral administration of GL was found to significantly increase the concentrations of total PSL at 6, 8 h, and of free PSL at 4, 6 and 8 h after PSL-HS infusion. Moreover, oral administration of GL was also found to modify the pharmacokinetics of both total and free PSL. After oral administration of GL, the area under the curve (AUC) was significantly increased, the total plasma clearance (CL) was significantly decreased, and the mean residence time (MRT) was significantly prolonged. However, the volume of distribution (Vdss) showed no evident change. This suggests that oral administration of GL increases the plasma PSL concentrations and influences its pharmacokinetics by inhibiting its metabolism, but not by affecting its distribution.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Streptococcal antitumor protein: expression in Escherichia coli cells and properties of the recombinant protein.

Streptococcal antitumor protein (SAGP) was produced by transformed E. coli JM103 carrying the SAGP gene downstream from the tac promoter. The purified recombinant SAGP had the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as that of the native SAGP isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes Su cells. Gel filtration analysis showed that the recombinant SAGP was a dimer, while the native SAGP was a tetramer. When the antitumor activity was tested against sarcoma 180 cells, the IC50 of the recombinant SAGP was 0.3 microgram/ml, about a quarter as active as the native SAGP. These results suggest that the quaternary structure of SAGP is important for the antitumor activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[A rare case of allergic granulomatous angitis (Churg Strauss syndrome) with positive anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody in serum].

A 33-year-old man with a 6-month history of rhinitis and bronchial asthma was referred to our hospital with polyarthralgia, severe anemia, hypoxemia, mononeuropathy multiplex, and renal insufficiency with hematuria. Marked eosinophilia was observed in his sputum, peripheral blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, his sputum contained many hemosiderin-laden macrophages, indicative of pulmonary hemorrhage. His chest roentgenogram on admission showed diffuse ground grass appearance. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) demonstrated diffuse high density areas throughout the lung fields and characteristic irregularity and enlargement of the peripheral pulmonary arteries. His general condition rapidly deteriorated, but dramatically improved with oral steroid administration, and his major symptoms disappeared within a few days. Examination of the biopsied lung tissue revealed unequivocal evidence of pulmonary angitis with marked eosinophilic infiltration and perivascular granulomas. Bone marrow biopsy showed hyperplasia of eosinophilic leukocytes in contrast to the low cellularity. Suppression of erythroid hemopoiesis was thought to be the primary cause for his rapidly progressive anemia. Serum anti-GBM antibody titer returned to within the normal range soon after the initiation of steroid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Studies on the enzyme immunoassay of bio-active constituents contained in oriental medicinal drugs. V. Preparation of bovine serum albumin conjugate and beta-galactosidase labelled antigen for enzyme immunoassay of 3 beta-(monoglucuron-1' beta-yl)-18 beta-glycyrrhetic acid.

In order to prepare an immunogen for enzyme immunoassay of 3 beta-(monoglucuron-1'-beta-yl)-18 beta-glycyrrhetic acid (3MGA), which was isolated from a patient with glycyrrhizin-induced pseudoaldosteronisms, benzyl glycyrrhetate (3) was allowed to react with an acetobromosugar (2) in the presence of silver carbonate to give benzyl 3 beta-(methyl 2',3',4'-triacetyl-glucuron-1' beta-yl)-glycyrrhetate (5) and methyl 3',4'-diacetyl-alpha-1',2'-O-[1-(benzyl glycyrrhet-3 beta-yl)- ethylidene]-D-glucuronate (4). On the other hand, this reaction was carried out in the presence of mercuric cyanide in nitromethane to give compound 5, benzyl 3 beta-acetyl glycyrrhetate (6) and benzyl 11-oxo-A-neooleana-3(5),12-dien-3-oate (7). 4-Aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid and glycine were introduced as chemical bridges at C-30 of 3 beta-(tert-butylglucuron-1' beta-yl)-glycyrrhetic acid (11) derived from compound 5. The former bridge was used to prepare an immunogenic conjugate with bovine serum albumin, and the latter bridge was used for antigen labelled with beta-galactosidase.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following low dosage of prednisolone hemisuccinate.

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone (PSL) in six healthy men, with or without glycyrrhizin (GL), to confirm whether GL influences the metabolism of PSL in humans. Each subject received an intravenous administration of 0.096 mg/kg of prednisolone hemisuccinate (PSL-HS, equivalent to 0.075 mg/kg of PSL), with or without 200 mg of GL. Blood samples were taken from a peripheral vein at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 min, and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h after PSL-HS infusion. The concentration of total PSL in the plasma was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the free PSL was measured by an isocolloidosmolar equilibrium dialysis method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of PSL were determined, using noncompartmental analysis. GL was found to increase significantly the concentration of total PSL at 6, 8 h, and of free PSL at 4, 6, and 8 h after PSL-HS infusion. GL was also found to modify the pharmacokinetics of PSL. After the administration of GL, the area under the curve (AUC) increased, total plasma clearance (CL) decreased, and the mean residence time (MRT) was prolonged. However, only those of AUC, CL, and MRT of free PSL were significantly different. The volume of distribution at a steady-state (Vdss) of both total and free PSL showed no evident change. This suggests that GL increases the plasma PSL concentrations by inhibiting the metabolism of PSL and that it potentiates pharmacological effects of PSL.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Alignment of protein sequences using the hydrophobic core scores.

Making an alignment of the amino acid sequences is an essential step in the prediction of an unknown protein structure by model building from the known structure of a protein of the same family. To improve the accuracy of the alignments, we introduced the concept of hydrophobic core scores, which restrains putting insertions/deletions in the hydrophobic core regions of the protein. Eight pairs of protein sequences were aligned by this method, and the quality of the alignments were assessed by reference to those obtained by the structural superposition. The introduction of the hydrophobic core scores derived from the knowledge of the tertiary structure of one of each pair resulted in an improvement of the accuracy of the alignments. The quality of the alignment was found to depend on the homology of the protein sequences.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[A histopathological study of 102 autopsy cases of primary lung cancer with respect to pleural carcinomatosis].

Visceral pleural lesions in primary lung cancer were studied histopathologically in 102 autopsy cases. Pleural carcinomatosis was defined as the presence of cancer cells in the visceral pleura and/or pleural space. Ipsilateral and contralateral pleural carcinomatosis in the primary lung cancer were compared. They were found to be similar in that both were closely related with cancer cell infiltration of blood vessels in the lung parenchyma, lymphangiosis carcinomatosa in the lung parenchyma and multiple extrathoracic organ metastases. However, differences were observed. In the ipsilateral visceral pleura, cancer cells were thought to infiltrate the interstitium in the vascular layer of the visceral pleura from lymphatic vessels in the vascular layer of the visceral pleura with the following frequency; 3.6:8.52:6.52:1. In the contralateral visceral pleura, however, cancer cells were thought to infiltrate the interstitium in the vascular layer of the visceral pleura from lymphatic vessels in the vascular layer of the visceral pleura, the pleural space, the subpleural lung parenchyma and blood vessels in the vascular layer of the visceral pleura with the following frequency; 4:1.9:12.25:1. Disruption of the elastic layer of the visceral pleura was also studied. Twenty-eight of 66 pleural carcinomatosis cases showed no disruption of the elastic layer, and greater than 1-mm disruption was found in only 7 cases. The author thought that the disruption in these few cases was related to the manner of cancer-cell infiltration of the visceral pleura. When cancer cells spread to the visceral pleura from the lung parenchyma, they lost intercellular adhesiveness in four adenocarcinoma cases. Thus we suspected that cancer cells lost intercellular adhesiveness and became single cells or small cancer nests when infiltrating the visceral pleural from the lung parenchyma, and single cells or small cancer nests entered through the elastic layer of the visceral pleura. Therefore only small disruptions are found in the visceral pleura of pleural carcinomatosis cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax].

We examined thirty-five patients with various chest diseases with cardiac gated Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 1.5 tesla. Major advantages of MRI of the thorax are its abilities to display sagittal and coronal planes and to disclose vessels clearly without contrast media. We conclude MRI is useful in evaluating, 1) masses at the lung apex or base, 2) chest wall invasion, 3) hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, 4) aortic aneurysm, and 5) bronchogenic cyst.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[CT pathologic correlative study of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia].

Though bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) was proposed as a new infiltrative lung disease in 1985, we think it has two radiologic problems. First, in spite of interstitial pneumonia, about half of chest radiographs of BOOP has been reported to show alveolar opacities. Second, because radiologic features of both some cases of BOOP and of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) show reticular shadows on chest radiographs, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between two diseases. We correlated CT images with open lung biopsy specimens and evaluated CT's ability to differentiate BOOP from UIP. CT findings of all cases of BOOP were: (1) markedly increased dense infiltrates of various sizes which demarcated sharply from normal lung field. Air bronchogram was always present. (2) less dense images were seen which also stood out against the normal lung field. The former corresponded to air space consolidation formed by organized exudates and inflammatory cells within alveolar ducts and alveoli, while the latter indicated luminal and mural alveolitis. Both findings were sharply delineated from each other probably because of intervening interlobular septa. Conglomerated small cystic shadows and air bronchography within areas of intense lung density were seen in CT images of most of 28 patients with UIP. Those findings proved to correspond to macroscopic or microscopic honey combing which were not seen in our cases of BOOP. These radiologic and pathologic features of UIP were different.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[CT pathologic correlative study of diffuse panbronchiolitis].

We studied CT-pathologic correlations of diffuse panbronchiolitis. The CT images of five DPB patients were compared with inflated lung specimens taken from three open lung biopsy, one lobectomy and one autopsy. The specimens were observed using a stereomicroscope, contact radiographs and histological section. All cases were diagnosed histologically by the presence of unit lesion of panbronchiolitis. The CT findings of DPB were: 1. diffuse small rounded and linear opacities, 2. dilation of small bronchi and bronchioles, 3. bronchial wall thickening. Because small rounded opacities on the CT images were usually separated from the pleura and PV shadows (the edge of secondary lobules) as a constant distance (2 to 3 mm), they were distributed in centrilobular regions. They corresponded to the collection of foamy histiocytes and lymphoid cells, where the unit lesion of panbronchiolitis were included. Although peripheral airways could never be seen in normal CT images, small linear opacities or enlarged peripheral vascular opacities just continuous with small rounded opacities corresponded to bronchioles dilated with intrabronchial secretion. In addition, peripheral airways were sometime seen to be dilated in CT images. Cylindrical airway dilation was more prominent in the peripheral portion of airways in both CT images and lung specimens. Thickening of bronchial wall observed in CT of a case could not be confirmed in lung specimen, in which probably intrabronchial secretion might contribute to bronchial wall thickening. From the viewpoint of diagnosis, the problem is that small nodular shadows are too large to show respiratory bronchiolitis itself. Moreover, because bronchiectasis is often found in the cases of DPB, the relationship between DPB and other causes of bronchiectasis should be evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the liver.

A study of lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the liver was performed. Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa is a disease showing diffuse lymphangitic spread of cancer cells in the interstitium of the organ. Among a total of 762 cases of malignant disease, lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the liver was found in 10 cases out of 250 with liver metastases. Among a total of 10 cases of primary cancer showing this condition, 8 were gastric cancer, the other 2 being pancreas cancer and gallbladder cancer. With regard to the histological type of primary cancer in this disease, all cases were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. On the basis of the histological findings, the spread of this disease seems to occur in a retrograde manner from the large lymphatics of the hilum to the periphery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Adenomyosis: diagnosis with MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of adenomyosis were studied in eight women (aged 37-49 years) who underwent hysterectomy, and detailed radiologic/pathologic correlation was conducted in all cases. Adenomyosis produced diffuse and smooth uterine enlargement. The extent of the lesion was clearly identified on images obtained with long repetition time and long echo time; a diffuse, low-intensity area accompanied by tiny high-intensity spots was seen subjacent to the endometrium. The area appeared as a localized or diffuse thickening of the junctional zone because it was often isointense with this zone. Pathologic examination confirmed that the extent of adenomyosis correlated well with the low-intensity region on MR images and that both hemorrhagic areas and nonbleeding endometrial tissue corresponded to the high-intensity spots. The lesion consisted of distorted and compacted smooth muscle cells, but microscopic studies failed to explain the definitive difference in intensity between areas of adenomyosis and myometrium.

Adult↗