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M Kanda

Publications and source records attributed to M Kanda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

B-cell lymphoma of 708 cases in Japan: incidence rates and clinical prognosis according to the REAL classification.

New insights into the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies have been gained through novel techniques such as genetic, molecular and immunologic methods. Recently, based on those findings, a new classification system for lymphoid malignancies, known as the REAL classification, has been proposed. To clarify the relation between the histological classification and prognosis of B-cell lymphoid malignancies, we re-classified 708 cases. In all cases, the B-cell phenotype and/or genotype was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and/or receptor gene analysis. The most common B-cell lymphoma types were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (58.8%), follicular lymphoma (12.1%), marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (9.0%) and mantle cell lymphoma (5.9%). Minor types were lymphoblastic lymphoma (3.4%), Burkitt's lymphoma (2.4%), nodal marginal zone lymphoma (2.1%), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (2.0%) and plasmacytoma (1.4%). Rare types were prolymphocytic lymphoma and splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Using overall survival rates, the various B-cell lymphoma types could be divided into three broad groups for prognostic purposes: (1) the low risk group consisted of follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma of MALT, nodal marginal zone lymphoma, plasmacytoma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma; (2) the intermediate risk group consisted of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma; and (3) the high risk group consisted of lymphoblastic lymphoma. In MALT, the low grade type had a better prognosis than the high grade type. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the common type had a better prognosis than the variant type, which mainly consisted of the immunoblastic lymphoma. The histological classification will have a benefit for the clinical approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Endothelium-dependent contraction induced by substance P in canine cerebral arteries: involvement of NK1 receptors and thromboxane A2.

We characterized the endothelial responses to substance P (SP) in the isolated canine cerebral artery. SP caused concentration-dependent contraction at 10(-10) - 10(-7) M and relaxation at 10(-10) and 10(-9) M, which were abolished by removal of the endothelium. The SP-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) was suppressed, while the endothelium-dependent contraction (EDC) was increased by repeated application. The EDC induced by SP (10(-7) M) was attenuated by SR-140333 (10(-9) - 10(-7) M) and CP-99994 (10(-7) M), both NK1 antagonists, but not by SR-48968 (10(-7) M), an NK2 antagonist, or four antagonistic SP analogues (10(-6) M). The EDC induced by SP (10(-7) M) was attenuated by aspirin (10(-5) M), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, OKY-046 (10(-5) M), a TXA2 synthetase inhibitor and ONO-3708 (10(-8) M), a TXA2 antagonist. Neurokinin A (10(-7) M) but not neurokinin B (10(-7) M) caused EDC similar to that induced by SP. In conclusion, SP induces EDC via endothelial NK1 receptors and TXA2 production in canine cerebral arteries.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1998

Integrated and episomal forms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in EBV associated disease.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be linear in viral particles but EBV circularizes into an episomal form after infection. Recently, the presence of integrated EBV DNA has been reported. We investigated EBV integration into the human genome in EBV-associated disease using Southern blotting. One hundred four cases in which the presence of EBV was confirmed by Southern blotting with EBV-W probes were thus analyzed with left- and right-hand end probes of linear EBV. Integrated EBV was demonstrated in 11 of 104 cases; five of 14 cases with B cell lymphoma (36%), one of 12 cases with nasopharyngeal carcinomas (8%), four of 31 cases with natural killer (NK) leukemia/lymphoma (13%) and one of 11 cases with chronic EBV infection (9%). However, none of the 24 T cell lymphoma, seven Hodgkin's disease, or five acute EBV infection cases showed integrated EBV. In addition, seven of the 11 cases with EBV integration (five B cell lymphoma and two NK leukemia/lymphoma) showed only an integration form, however, the other four (two NK leukemia/lymphoma, one nasopharyngeal carcinoma and one chronic EBV infection) showed both integrated and episomal forms. The integrated form was frequently found in B cell lymphoma and especially in high grade B cell lymphoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed in two cases (NK and B cell lymphoma), which represented integrated EBV in Southern blotting and the integration form was confirmed in both. However, it is still uncertain as to whether or not the EBV integration site is directly associated with chromosomal abnormality.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1998

Apoptosis of cytotoxic T-cells in histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis.

Cell death is necrotic or apoptotic. In histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), apoptosis is the main form of cell death, resulting in the creation of nuclear debris that is one of the characteristic features of HNL. To investigate the cell type of apoptotic cells, 12 cases of HNL were analyzed using the immunohistochemical staining for TIA-1, a cytotoxic granule of either cytotoxic T or NK cells. One quarter to over half of all apoptotic cells were positive for TIA-1, and some of the nuclear debris was also positive. The necrotic lesions of HNL were found to consist of nuclear debris, apoptotic cells, histiocytes and lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were mainly CD8-positive T-cells or CD4-positive cells, while B- and NK cells were only rarely observed. The number of TIA-1-positive lymphocytes was more closely related to the number of CD8-positive cells than to the number of CD4 cells. In double staining, the TIA-1 positive lymphocytes were mainly CD8 positive, but rarely CD4 positive. In HNL, then, CD8-positive cytotoxic T-cells are likely to undergo apoptosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Nodal T-cell lymphoma in an HTLV-I-endemic area: proviral HTLV-I DNA, histological classification and clinical evaluation.

Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a human malignancy associated with human T-cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I). The histology usually indicates a pleomorphic type, but is not consistent. To clarify the relationship between the histological classification and prognosis in ATLL, and to confirm the significance of clonal HTLV-I integration, we reclassified 572 cases with nodal T-cell lymphoma in which the T-cell phenotype and/or genotype was confirmed. In all cases the clonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA in the lymph nodes was examined by Southern blot analysis. In addition, anti-ATL antigen (ATLA) determination in the serum or PCR analysis of HTLV-I pX amplification in lymph nodes was also performed. 66/313 (21%) cases with ATLA had no evidence of clonal HTLV-I integration. 572 cases were classified into three groups: (A) cases with clonal integration (247 cases), (B) cases with ATLA without clonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA (66 cases), (C) cases without ATLA (259 cases). Histologically, groups B and C frequently demonstrated large cell type and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia (AILD) type; however, group A tended to show a pleomorphic type. Clinically, group A showed a poorer prognosis than groups B and C. In conclusion, group A cases were defined as ATLL (HTLV-I-associated T-cell lymphoma), whereas group B was classified as T-cell lymphoma, which had coincidently occurred in HTLV-I infected carriers. The simplified classification of REAL indicated clinical outcome: the prognosis of ATLL was poor, the unspecified type was intermediate, whereas the other types of lymphoblastic, AILD and anaplastic large cell type were all relatively favourable.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1998

Perforin and Fas pathways of cytotoxic T-cells in histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis.

AIMS: Cell death can be divided into necrosis and apoptosis. In histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), apoptosis is the main form of cell death. Two molecular mechanisms of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, one perforin-based and the other Fas-based, have been demonstrated, and both systems induce apoptosis of the target cells. This study was designed to investigate the Fas and perforin pathways in HNL. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve cases of HNL were analysed using immunohistochemical staining. The Fas and/or FasL-positive cells, including lymphocytes and histiocytes, were frequently encountered in the necrotizing lesions, however, they were rare in the nonpathological regions. The perforin and/or granzyme-positive cells were also confined in the necrotizing lesions. In double staining, CD8-positive lymphocytes occasionally expressed Fas and/or FasL, and histiocytes also expressed FasL and/or Fas. However, CD4-positive lymphocytes rarely expressed FasL and/or Fas. In a flow cytometric analysis, most of the cytotoxic T-cells, which were recognized by cytolytic granules of TIA-1 and considered to be CD8-positive lymphocytes, expressed FasL and Fas. The perforin-positive lymphocytes also expressed FasL and Fas. CONCLUSION: In our previous study, the apoptotic cells were T-cells, especially CD8-positive cells rather than CD4-positive cells. Based on these findings, in Fas and perforin pathways, the CD8-positive cells were considered to be effector and target cells, while histiocytes could possibly be enhancers. As a result, both pathways seemed to induce an abundance of apoptosis and thus induce necrotizing lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Development of in vitro fertilized feline embryos in a modified Earle's balanced salt solution: influence of protein supplements and culture dishes on fertilization success and blastocyst formation.

The effects of protein supplements and culture dish type on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development in culture were examined in the domestic cat. In Experiment I, follicular oocytes were fertilized and cultured in either 1) modified Earle's balanced salt solution, designated MK-1, supplemented with one of the following: 10% human serum (HS), 10% FCS or 0.4% BSA, or 2) Medium 199 (M-199) supplemented with 10% FCS. Fertilization rates were lower (P < 0.01) in MK-1 + BSA (74.4%), MK-1 + FCS (56.1%), and M-199 + FCS (51.4%) than in MK-1 + HS (94.7%). A greater (P < 0.01) percentage of blastocysts was obtained in MK-1 + HS (50.0%) than in other treatment groups (range, 4.3-17.2%). In Experiment II, the effect of dish type (tissue culture dish, TCD, versus suspension culture dish, SCD) on embryo development was evaluated in MK-1 supplemented with either HS or BSA. Significantly higher proportions of IVF-derived embryos developed to blastocysts at 120 and 144 hr post-insemination, respectively, when cultured in HS/SCD (47.2 and 71.7%) than in BSA/SCD (11.4 and 27.3%) or BSA/TCD (10.4 and 25.0%). At 120 hr post-insemination, there was a lower (P < 0.01) percentage of blastocysts in HS/TCD (22.2%) than in HS/SCD. In Experiment III, six embryos per cat were transferred to the uterine horns of 17 recipients at 144 hr after hCG treatment. Five of 7 recipients which received late morulae cultured in MK-1 + BSA (SCD) for 120 hr became pregnant (71.4%). Eight of 10 recipients which received early blastocysts cultured in MK-1 + HS (SCD) for 120 hr became pregnant (80.0%). We conclude that MK-1 containing HS is highly beneficial for overcoming the in vitro developmental block of IVF-derived feline embryos and increasing the success rate of IVF/ET.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Intravascular large cell lymphoma associated with hypoalbuminemia.

We report here a 71-yr-old Japanese woman who presented with severe anasarca and hypoalbuminemia. She had a postmortem diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, which is a rare type of lymphoma characterized by an intravascular proliferation of lymphoma cells. Severe generalized edema was thought to be attributed to vascular and/or lymphatic obstruction due to proliferation of lymphoma cells within the lumina and/or an increase in catabolism induced by tumor proliferation.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Positive evidence that anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgA antibody exists in the intestinal tract of infected cats and exerts protective activity against the infection.

The presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgA antibody in the feces and intestinal tract of cats infected with this parasite was demonstrated using an immunoblotting assay. Cats (n = 5) were inoculated orally with T. gondii cysts and supernatants of feces and washings of the intestinal tract were assayed for secretory IgA specific for the parasite. The secretory IgA detected recognized tachyzoite antigens of m.w. 24, 34, 38 and 43 kDa and one sporozoite antigen of m.w. 24 kDa. No reactivity was shown against bradyzoites or enteroepithelial stage parasites. Tachyzoites preincubated with washings of the intestinal tract of infected cats showed decreased activity in penetration of feline fibroblast cells, as compared to tachyzoites preincubated with similar washings derived from non-infected cats. The addition of either anti-cat IgA or anti-cat IgG to the washings had no effect on the inhibitory activity which reduced the parasite's cell-penetration activity. However, the addition of both anti-cat IgA and anti-cat IgG to the washings diminished the inhibitory activity. These results suggest that anti-T. gondii antibodies of both classes, secretory IgA and IgG, exist in the intestinal tract of infected cats and these may be capable of preventing infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Arginase of Bacillus brevis Nagano: purification, properties, and implication in gramicidin S biosynthesis.

An arginase [EC 3.5.3.1] was purified to homogeneous state from a gramicidin S-producing Bacillus brevis Nagano. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 180,000 on gel filtration. The subunit molecular weight is 32,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that the enzyme is hexameric. The optimum pH is found near 10.0. Mn2+ is essential for its activity and Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+ cannot replace Mn2+. The enzyme is highly specific for L-arginine with a K(m) value of 12.8 mM for L-arginine, which is similar to that of liver-type arginase in ureotelic animals. B. brevis arginase is apparently induced by the addition of L-arginine to the glutamate medium. The increased formation of L-ornithine, a constituent amino acid of gramicidin S, by arginase may be involved in the accelerated production of gramicidin S by B. brevis in the presence of L-arginine in the growth medium.

Arginase↗
PubMed1997

Functional localization of pain perception in the human brain studied by PET.

To elucidate the functional localization and somatotopic organization of pain perception in the human cerebral cortex, we studied the regional cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography during selective painful stimulation in six normal subjects. Response to a painful stimulus was elicited using a special CO2 laser, which selectively activates nociceptive receptors, to the hand and foot. Multiple brain areas, including bilateral secondary somatosensory cortices (SII) and insula, and the frontal lobe and thalamus contralateral to the stimulus side, were found to be involved in the response to painful stimulation. While our data indicate that the bilateral SII play an important role in pain perception, they also indicate that there is no pain-related somatotopic organization in the human SII or insula.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Isolation of coccidian enteroepithelial stages of Toxoplasma gondii from the intestinal mucosa of cats by Percoll density-gradient centrifugation.

A method for isolation of enteroepithelial stages of Toxoplasma gondii from the intestinal mucosa of experimentally infected cats was developed using Percoll density-gradient centrifugation. Gamonts and merozoites were obtained essentially free of host-cell debris. A recovery rate of nearly 30% of the parasites in the original preparations was obtained by this method. Merozoites were separated from gamonts by filtration through a 3-micron polycarbonate filter.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Nasal T/NK cell lymphomas commonly express perforin and Fas ligand: important mediators of tissue damage.

AIMS: Two molecular mechanisms of T/natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, one perforin based and the other Fas based, have been demonstrated, and both systems induce cytotoxicity in the target cells. The Fas-based mechanism involves the transducing molecule Fas and its ligand (FasL). In addition, perforin and/or FasL are also expressed in the cytotoxic T/NK cells. This study was thus designed to investigate the Fas and perforin pathways of the cytotoxic T/NK lymphoma cells in the nasal cavity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight patients with nasal lymphoma were analysed using immunohistochemical staining methods. Two cases were CD3+ CD56+ (T/NK cell) type, and six were CD3- CD56+ (NK cell) type. All cases showed Epstein-Barr virus genomes by in-situ hybridization. In addition, all cases showed the expression of TIA-1 (GMP-17), which is a marker of cytotoxic T and NK cells. FasL was expressed in the majority of the lymphoma cells and some histiocytes, while Fas was found in lymphoma cells and many non-neoplastic cells. In addition, the expression of perforin was detected in almost all lymphoma cells. In the double stainings, lymphoma cells expressed both FasL and perforin. Based on these findings, both the perforin- and Fas-based pathway of the cytotoxic T/NK lymphoma cells are thus considered to play an important role in the clinical features. CONCLUSIONS: Tissue damage is a common morphological feature in nasal T/NK cell lymphoma. The above findings therefore support the theory that tissue damage is due to both the cytotoxicity of T/NK lymphoma cells as well as to angiocentricity.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Tachykinin receptor subtypes involved in endothelium-dependent and -independent responses in rabbit intrapulmonary arteries].

In the present study, it was demonstrated that SP, neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), SP methyl ester (SPME), [Ala5, beta-Ala8]-alpha-neurokinin fragment 4-10 (AANF) at 10(-8) M all caused contraction in non-contracted endothelium-intact arteries. SP- and SPME-induced contraction were reduced by removal of endothelium. All the peptides with the exception of AANF induced transient relaxation in the precontracted arteries. The relaxation were attenuated by removal of endothelium. The potency orders for endothelium-dependent contraction (EDC), -dependent relaxation (EDR) and -independent contraction (EIC) were SP > SPME >> NKA [symbol: see text] NKB [symbol: see text] AANF, SP > SPME > NKA > NKB >> AANF and NKA > AANF > NKB >> SP [symbol: see text] SPME, respectively. SP-induced EDC and EDR were attenuated by an NK1 antagonist but not by an NK2 antagonist. The SP-induced EIC was reduced by an NK2 antagonist. SP-induced EDC was attenuated by aspirin, OKY-046, and S-1452. The EDR was attenuated by L-NAME and methylene blue. The EDC induced by SPME was non-competitively attenuated by CP-99994, an NK1 antagonist. EDR was competitively inhibited by CP-99994. In conclusion, SP and related peptides caused EDC via NK1 receptors and TXA2 production, EDR via NK1 receptors and NO release and EIC via NK2 receptors in rabbit intrapulmonary arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of ONO-2235, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on muscarinic receptors and contractile response of the urinary bladder in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of the aldose reductase inhibitor ONO-2235 on the contractile response to acetylcholine of the urinary bladder dome of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats and simultaneously observe the changes in the function and number of muscarinic receptors and the sorbitol content of the bladder. The contractile response to acetylcholine increased 51% in the DM rat bladder dome compared to the normal rats; however, this was attenuated to a 10% increase by administration of 100 mg/kg ONO-2235 for 2 weeks. Treatment with ONO-2235 significantly decreased the specific [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in DM rats. However there was no significant dose-dependency among the ONO-2235-treated groups. The sorbitol levels of the sciatic nerve and the bladder were higher in the DM rats compared to the control rats; ONO-2235 decreased the level, although it did not completely reverse them to the control level. These results suggest that an aldose reductase inhibitor attenuates the increase of the muscarinic receptor number and normalizes the enhanced contractile response to acetylcholine caused by hyperglycemia and diuresis, probably through suppression of the polyol-pathway in the DM rat bladder dome.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1997

[Cleidocranial dysplasia: a case report].

A 3-month-old female infant who presented with patent sagittal suture and loss of weight is described. Physical examination revealed a large sagittal and metopic suture showing delayed closure, a high-arched palate, saddle nose, hypertelorism and nonpalpable edges of the bilateral clavicles. The clavicles also showed undue mobility. Radiological investigations of the cranial skeletal abnormalities revealed enlargement of the sagittal and metopic sutures, and the anterior and posterior fontanelles. A chest radiograph showed a small, bell-shaped thoracic rib cage with partial aplasia of both clavicles. On the basis of the clinical findings, cleidocranial dysplasia was diagnosed. Cleidocranial dysplasia is an uncommon generalized skeletal disorder which, as its name implies, shows striking involvement of the cranial vault and clavicles. The clinical features reflect a generalized defect of both membranous and endochondral bone formation. It is characterized by delayed ossification of the skull, aplastic or hypoplastic clavicles, delayed deciduous dentition, and hereditary characteristics. The amount of calvarial growth is generally small, and the shape remains nearly unaltered. In all cases, calvarial bone thickness increases with age, but in the midline, the fontanelle area, which is shown to be defective at the first examination, remains open in all cases. The midfrontal area is poorly developed and exhibits a groove in many patients. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, with wide variability of expression but a high degree of penetrance. Cytogenetic abnormalities involving chromosome 6p21 have been reported with a cleidocranial dysplasia phenotype. Although psychosocial disorders associated with the abnormal facial and body features may occur, patients have a good overall prognosis and life expectancy. Skull deformity, and delayed closure of the fontanelles and cranial sutures are the most important problems for neurosurgeons. The postero-lateral fontanelle closes before adulthood, whereas the opening in the midfrontal sutural area may persist. Many children with cleidocranial dysplasia whom we have encountered have persisting fontanelles and patent sutures, but this does not seem to predispose them to an abnormal calvarial growth pattern, at least in the age groups investigated. Congenital midface retrusion in the presence of relative or absolute mandibular prognathism is also a major deformity. Care is supportive, including attention to neurosurgical, orthopedic, pediatric and dental problems.

Cleidocranial Dysplasia↗