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Biomedical subjects

M Kaneda

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaneda.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Clinical and immunological study on the high incidence of malignant neoplasms in patients with chronic renal failure].

With the advancement of dialysis techniques, rehabilitation and high morbidity are becoming serious problems for patients with chronic renal failure. The authors, with the purpose of investigating the carcinogenic state of such patients, studied the incidence of malignant neoplasms and their immunity both clinically and fundamentally. Out of 499 patients with chronic renal failure, malignant neoplasms were found in 17 cases (3.40%), which is obviously a high rate with a statistically significant difference from that of the ordinary healthy population. In the fundamental immunity study, OKM1+ cells of the patients were significantly lower than those of healthy people, and a decrease in NK and K cells was inferred. Incidentally, the lymphocytes of patients strongly inhibited the mitogen response of healthy subjects. This decline in cellular immunity is considered to be closely related to the carcinogenicity of patients with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Amino acid sequence around the reactive serine of cucumisin from melon fruit.

Cucumisin is a diisopropyl fluorophosphate-sensitive enzyme. The inactivation by DFP is accompanied by the formation of 1 mol of labeled serine residue per mol of enzyme. From the soluble portion of the chymotryptic digest of the diisopropyl phosphoryl derivative of cucumisin, two peptides containing phosphorus were isolated; their amino acid sequences were determined to be Gly-Thr-Ser(P)-Met and Asn-Ile-Ile-Ser-Gly-Thr-Ser(P)-Met, respectively. The four residues Gly-Thr-Ser-Met in the above amino acid sequence are identical with those of subtilisin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Essential requirement of magnesium ion for optimal activity of the NADPH oxidase of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The NADPH-dependent O2-(H2O2)-forming oxidase-rich plasma membranes were purified from myristate (MA)-activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes using a Percoll-density gradient method. The specific activity of the enzyme in the plasma membrane fraction was twelve times higher than that in the cells. Studies on the effect of divalent cations and chelators on the O2- and H2O2 generating activity of the oxidase showed that Mg2+, but not Ca2+, enhanced the activity significantly. Zn2+, on the other hand, was slightly inhibitory to the oxidase activity. EDTA markedly inhibited the oxidase activity whereas EGTA enhanced it. The optimal oxidase activity was seen in the presence of mumolar concentrations of Mg2+ and reached a maximum at Mg2+ concentrations of 40-50 microM. The addition of Mg2+ resulted in a decrease in the apparent Km of the oxidase for NADPH from 40 microM to 25 microM and an increase in apparent Vmax by 1.5 times. These results suggest that Mg2+ enhances both NADPH binding and catalytic activities of the oxidase.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1983

Activation of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes with soluble stimulators leads to nonrandom distribution of NADPH oxidase in the plasma membrane.

Guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were briefly activated with soluble stimulators such as sodium myristate (SM) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and then disrupted by the nitrogen cavitation method to study the subcellular distribution of NADPH oxidase, which is responsible for O2 - generation. Fc-receptor and 5'-nucleotidase activities were measured as plasma membrane markers. 1) The homogenate was first fractionated by differential centrifugation. The O2- -generating activity of PMN activated either by SM or PMA was recovered in a 2 X 10(4) g pellet which contained a large amount of granules and about 50% of the plasma membrane markers, but not in a 1 X 10(5) g pellet which consisted of plasma membranes and few granules. 2) Further separation of the 2 X 10(4) g pellet from PMA-activated PMN was attempted by an iso-osmotic Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The O2- -generating activity was recovered in light fractions in which plasma membrane markers were found, but neither in specific nor in azurophil granules. The 1 X 10(5) g pellet showed a similar distribution of the plasma membrane markers to that of the 2 X 10(4) g pellet, except that the peak of the O2- -generating activity was much smaller on an identical density gradient. The results showed that NADPH oxidase is located in the plasma membranes precipitated by centrifugation at 2 X 10(4) X g but not in the ones precipitated at 1 X 10(5) X g. The results suggest that the plasma membrane of activated PMN has a mosaic distribution of NADPH oxidase.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Studies of peptide antibiotics. XLIV. Syntheses and biological activities of gramicidin S analogs containing delta-hydroxy-L-norvaline or glycine.

The antibiotic gramicidin S (GS) has the structure of cyclo (-L-Val1-L-Orn2-L-Leu3-D-Phe4-L-Pro5-L-Val1'-L-Orn2'-L-Leu3'-D-Phe4'-L-Pro5'-) and is basic in character. Five GS analogs including [Gly1,1']-GS and the neutral [L-Hnv2,2']-GS (Hnv represents delta-hydroxynorvaline) were synthesized by the solid-phase method to evaluate the role of L-Val1,1' and L-Orn2,2' residues in GS. The hybrid analogs [( Gly1]-GS and [L-Hnv2]-GS) and [D-Tyr4,4']-GS showed high antibacterial activities, whereas [Gly1,1']-GS and [L-Hnv2,2']-GS possessed no activity. Inhibitory effects by these analogs for the adsorption of 14C-labeled GS on cells of bacteria sensitive to GS were determined. The structure-activity relationship of GS is discussed on the basis of the results on these GS analogs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

New antibiotics, carbazomycins A and B. III. Taxonomy and biosynthesis.

The carbazomycin-producing microorganism, strain H 1051-MY 10, was determined to a strain of Streptoverticillium ehimense. Biosynthesis of carbazomycin B was studied using 14C-labeled and 13C-enriched precursors in combination with 13C NMR spectroscopy. The C-2 carbon of [2-13C]trytophan was shown to be involved at the C-3 carbon in carbazomycin B and both carbons of [1,2-13C]acetate at the C-1 and C-10 moiety of the antibiotic. [CH3-13C]Methionine was involved at the methoxyl group but not at the methyl group on the C-2 carbon of the antibiotic. Neither of the labeled carbons, [1-14C]tryptophan nor [2,3-13C]propionic acid, was detected in the antibiotic, and a progenitor of the C-2 and C-11 moiety of the antibiotic has not been determined.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Identification of 1-methylthiourea as the metabolite of ethylenethiourea in rats by high-performance liquid chromatography.

The method is described for determination of a metabolite of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in rats. ETU and its metabolites were extracted from plasma into ethanol after collecting the blood from female rats treated orally with ETU. Then the extract was cleaned up on a silica gel column chromatography and examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). About 0.014 ppm of 1-methylthiourea was detected as the metabolite of ETU in plasma collected 2 h after an oral administration of 200 mg/kg of ETU.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Teratogenic activity of pyrimethamine in Göttingen minipig.

Pyrimethamine (PY) was mixed with mashed feed and given to the Göttingen miniature pig (G-mini) during gestional days 11-35. Major malformations such as cleft palate, club-foot and micrognathia were observed in 11 out of 16 newborns from 3 pregnant sows which received 3.6 mg/kg/day. Two sows of a high-dose group (7.2 mg/kg) showed severe anemia and low appetite during the experiment and did not give birth. No malformation was found in 22 newborns of low-dose groups (0.9 and 1.8 mg/kg). Among 130 offspring which died before weaning out of 505 from 47 farrows in a breeding farm, major teratoses such as cleft palate were found in 8 newborns.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗