Biomedical subjects

M Kaneko

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaneko.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Isolation of porcine respiratory coronavirus from pigs affected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.

Four cytopathogenic viruses were isolated in CPK cells derived from porcine kidneys from tonsils and lungs of 3 of 15 pigs affected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Physicochemically and morphologically, the isolates were similar to a coronavirus. The isolates were not distinguished from transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) by a neutralization test using polyclonal antibodies, but differentiated from TGEV by monoclonal antibodies capable of discriminating between TGEV and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), indicating that the isolates were PRCV. In a serological survey of 30 serum samples each collected from about 50 days old pigs in the 2 affected farms, 29 (97%) and 15 (50%) sera were positive for neutralizing antibody against the isolate with the titers ranging from 2 to 64, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Microstructure of etched "IPS Empress" heat-pressed ceramics observed by SEM.

A valuable characteristic of the "IPS Empress" used for producing all ceramic dental restorations is that it is a prefired ceramic ingot. The ingot is heated, softened and press-injected into the cavity, and ceramic restorations are fabricated by the lost wax casting method. The leucite crystal present in the ingot are scattered and distributed into the glassy phase in a more homogeneous manner through this pressing procedure, and the resulting ceramics are of higher flexural strength than conventional ones. The present study was carried out to clarify the microstructure of Empress ceramics by etching, and to observe the etched surface by scanning electron microscopy, in comparison with several other conventional ceramics. It was shown that the form and distribution of the leucite crystals in Empress ceramics are quite different before and after pressing, and that the staining and layering ceramics are also different from conventional ceramics. The method of surface treatment of ceramics prior to etching, such as fracturing or grinding, the kind of etching material used, the concentration and the etching time are important factors for revealing, observing and evaluating the microstructure of ceramics containing leucite crystals.

Aluminum Oxide↗

PubMed1996

Mitochondrial biosynthesis controls the sensitivity of Chinese hamster cells to hydrogen peroxide.

The mechanism of H2O2-resistance of Hpr-4, a variant of Chinese hamster V79 cells, was investigated. The effect of H2O2 on the mitochondria of the parental and Hpr-4 cells was compared. First, both biochemical and ultrastructural results showed that mitochondria in the parental cells were damaged by exposure to H2O2, while those in Hpr-4 cells recovered from the damage. Second, the H2O2-resistance of Hpr-4 cells was reversibly reduced or recovered by the addition or removal of inhibitors of mitochondrial biosynthesis, respectively. Third, the parental cells were auxotrophic to pyruvate after exposure to H2O2. Fourth, H2O2-sensitivity of the parental cells was also enhanced by the inhibition of mitochondrial biosynthesis. From these results, it was concluded that the mitochondria of Hpr-4 cells apparently had a greater resistance to H2O2 than those of the parental cells and that functional mitochondria were involved in the recovery of Chinese hamster V79 cells from H2O2-induced damage.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1996

A novel phospholipase C inhibitor, S-PLI produced by Streptomyces sp. strain no. A-6288.

S-PLI, an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC) produced by Streptomyces sp. strain No. 6288, was purified from the culture filtrate by salting-out with solid ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on CM-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The molecular weight of S-PLI was estimated to be 65,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The inhibitor was found to be a glycoprotein with a composition of 609 amino acids and 19 glucose residues having an isoelectric point at 7.8. S-PLI was stable from pH 3 to 10 at 37 degrees C and up to 40 degrees at pH 6.0. The inhibitory activity showed pH- and temperature-dependence with a maximum around pH 7.0 at 50 degrees C. S-PLI inhibited phospholipase C in a competitive manner (Ki value; 9.5 x 10(-6) mM), but did not inhibit S-Hemolysin, phospholipase A2; phospholipase B, phospholipase D and phosphatases. S-PLI is the first reported example of a glycoproteinaceous inhibitor of microbial origin which is able to specifically inhibit phospholipase C.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1996

[Measurement of the common carotid arterial flow during parabolic flight in the anesthetized rat].

To measure the blood flow of a common carotid artery (CCA) during parabolic flight in the rat, we developed an animal double hold box (ADHB) made of styrene expanded form for the anesthetized rat to keep the animal at a proper posture in an aircaft. Twelve anesthetized rats weighing 291-342 g were surgically operated to mount a ultrasound flowmeter probe (1 mm size,1RS:Transonic Systems Inc.) around the right CCA and to insert a catheter into the right axillar artery for blood pressure measurement. These animals were held comfortably in ADHBs which were placed on the rack installed in the aircraft (MU-300). A total of 27 parabolic flights was performed and the blood flow was measured accurately in 9 rats. This special animal holding facility is useful for various types of animal experiments in an aircraft.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[The effect of work-related stress with change of working conditions for workers with alcohol drinking habit and liver disorder].

To evaluate the relationship between working conditions and workers' health, particularly the effect of work-related stress with change of working conditions for those with alcohol drinking habit and liver disorder, we analyzed physiological examination data and a questionnaire survey including the Japanese version of Karasek's Job Content Questionnaires (JCQ) on work-related stress, working hours, sleeping hours, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking among male workers of a car manufacturing plant, who engaged in car sales work temporarily and then returned to manufacturing work. In the physiological examination data, the values of body mass index (BMI), GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, TG and T-CHO rose and the prevalence of obesity and liver disorder increased during the term of car sales work. Comparing the term of car sales work with the term of car manufacturing work, the number of habitual drinkers and heavy smokers increased during the former and decreased during the latter. Increased alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking were also noted during the term of car sales work. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of decreasing 'decision latitude (DL)' as work-related stress was statistically significant for increased alcohol consumption. The increased alcohol consumption probably contributing to the prevalence of liver disorder was assumed to be associated with work-related stress due to change of work conditions. Workers who showed liver disorder strongly complained of work-related stress, and it was assumed that the work-related stress was related to liver disorder. Longitudinal observations which take into account work-related stress, alcohol drinking habit and liver disorder must be well planned and personal traits of work-related stress always be taken into consideration.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Difficulty in eye opening following left hemispheric infarction-- causative lesion and pathophysiology of abnormalities of the eye and eyelids movements].

We reported a patient suffering from difficulty in eye opening following left hemispheric infarction. A 78-year-old left-handed woman with atrial fibrillation had an acute onset of right hemiparesis and difficulty in eye opening. On admission, mild disorientation, vertical gaze palsy, right homonymous hemianopia, anosognosia of right hemiparesis, agnosia of right side of the body and forced grasping reflex of the left hand were seen. She was aware of her difficulty in opening her eyelids. Vertical saccadic eye movements were absent to command but when her head was free to move, the vertical saccadic eye movements improved that may suggest oculomotor apraxia. Bell's phenomenon was absent, and optokinetic responses were normal. Aphasia and facial apraxia were not seen. Brain CT and MRI demonstrated infarction in the territory of the anterior divisions of the left middle cerebral artery which includes the inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, fronto-parietal operculum and temporal operculum. SPECT disclosed hypoperfusion area in the left frontal lobe. No lesion was seen in the midbrain and pons. On the basis of these findings, cerebral emboli of the divisions of the left middle cerebral artery were diagnosed. Until about 11th days from onset, she could not open her eyelids by our verbal commands or even voluntarily, and showed paradoxical contraction of the bilateral orbicularis oculi muscles by verbal commands to open her eyes or when her eyes were forcedly opened by hands. After the 12th days from the onset, she became to be able to open her eyes voluntarily when she was asked to count the number of fingers presented in front of her face and when her families called her, but she could not open her eyes by verbal commands, which may be characteristic of apraxia of eyelid opening. She also had bilateral blephaloptosis when she opened her eyes. Considering this case together with previous reports, embolic lesion of the left cerebral hemisphere including the frontal eye field area and its adjacent areas which may be involved in higher control of eye lid movements and supranuclear vertical gaze movements was thought to cause difficulties in eye opening and vertical gaze palsy.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[A case report of Erdheim-Chester disease].

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare and distinctive lipid granulomatosis with characteristic pattern of radiographic changes in bone. The characteristic radiographic finding is an unusual symmetrical sclerosis at the diametaphyseal portions of many long bones. This study demonstrates a case of Erdheim-Chester disease and mainly documents radiographic findings.

Bone Diseases↗

PubMed1996

[A specific disorder in Kanji writing in a learning disabled child with a visual cognition disorder--a cognitive-neuropsychological and electrophysiological analysis].

We reported a learning disabled child with a specific disorder involving Kanji writing. The patient was a 13-year-old boy. Although he manifested generally normal intellectual ability and his performance on WISC-R indicated that VIQ was 101 and PIQ 84, he could only write approximately 20% of Kanji, which he learned at age 6 to 7. On cognitive-psychological tests, he showed a visual cognition disorder that was different from that in a previously reported case during information processing. Electrophysiologically, he showed a disorder in visual task-relevant potentials. The mechanism underlying this patient appears to be a retrieval disorder for complex graphic forms in addition to a visual cognition disorder because of two reasons. One is that he could distinguish Kanji from similar graphic forms. The other is that he could read Kanji aloud.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Cesarean section in a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, preeclampsia, and congestive heart failure].

A case of a pregnant woman who underwent urgent cesarean section is presented. The patient had severe hyperthyroidism, preeclampsia, and congestive heart failure, which had not been treated until 36 weeks of gestational age. At 38 weeks, fetal distress occurred and an urgent cesarean section was performed successfully under epidural anesthesia with preoperative treatments using iodide, hydrocortisone and propylthiouracil. The patient required postoperative intensive care for heart failure. Thyroid function of the neonate was almost normal. No abnormality was observed except low birth weight.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Lack of voltage-operated calcium channel in rat glioma C6 cells.

We examined whether rat glioma C6 cells have voltage-operated Ca2+ channel (VOC) or not. The addition of high K+ did not affect the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In addition, BAY K 8644, a VOC against, did not increase [Ca2+]i even in the presence of high K+. Bombesin (BBS), an inositol trisphosphate-generating drug, and thapsigargin (TG), a microsomal Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, increased [Ca2+]i, after which it decreased to a sustained, and still higher than original level. The addition of verapamil, diltiazem and nimodipine did not affect an increase in [Ca2+]i induced by BBS and TG. The addition of SK&F 96365, a receptor-operated Ca2+ channel (ROC) blocker, reduced the sustained increase in [Ca2+]i induced by BBS and TG. The present results suggest that VOC does not exist in rat glioma C6 cells and this cell line is a good model for investigating signal transduction via ROC as glial cells.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗

PubMed1996

Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 in the adult and embryonic mouse tissues.

We have studied the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) in the adult mouse and during embryonic development using immunohistochemistry and the polymerase-chain reaction. Mouse PAI-2 mRNA was mainly expressed in the skin, bone-marrow, spleen, lung, thymus, and urinary bladder. Immunohistochemical studies suggested that PAI-2 was synthesized in macrophages and epithelial cells such as skin epithelial cells, transitional cells of the urinary bladder, and mesothelial cell of peritoneum and pleura. PAI-2 mRNA and antigen expression was observed only in the skin of 15 day-old mouse embryos. These data suggest that PAI-2 may play a role in protecting the mouse embryo from the protease attack in the amniotic fluid and also in maintaining and/or protecting the structure of various surfaces in the mouse.

Aging↗

PubMed1996

[CT-image analysis of resected peripheral adenocarcinomas of the lung less than 1 cm in diameter].

Conventional CT (10-mm thick) and helical thin-section CT (2-mm thick) high-resolution images were obtained to study the relationship between the appearance of small peripheral adenocarcinomas of the lung and pathological findings. Eleven cases in which adenocarcinomas less than 1.0 cm in diameter were resected were retrospectively reviewed. Conventional CT images revealed air spaces within pulmonary nodules in 82% of tumors, an ill-defined margin in 91%, and involvement of vessels in 91%. When these findings are observed in pulmonary nodules, thin-section CT should be used for further examination. Helical thin-section CT images showed inhomogeneous internal attenuation (91%), irregularly undulating margins (91%), and vascular involvement (100%).

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1996

[Early lung cancer].

The number of patients with early lung cancer, which is detected by screening high risk group for lung cancer using sputum cytology, or by screening using CT is increasing. Recent studies have shown that some histologic types of early peripheral adenocarcinoma have no lymph node involvement. In addition, the incidence of multicentricity of peripheral type of early adenocarcinoma, detected by meticulous evaluation of CT images, is not so low. Video-assisted limited resection may be feasible in such cases. In spite of the excellent results of surgical resection for the hilar type of early lung cancer, surgery is at risk in some patients because of underlying pulmonary dysfunction and of a high incidence of second primary lung cancers. Endoscopic photodynamic therapy or brachytherapy may be an alternative to surgery as standard treatment in selected cases.

Cytodiagnosis↗

PubMed1996

[A neuropsychological index of aging--data from 9000 elderly people].

Cerebral functions degenerate at different rates in different people, and it is often necessary to measure these functions accurately: for example, to assess the condition of patients with senile dementia. We used newly developed tests and measured the functions of 9000 elderly people. The Kana Pick-out Test was one of the test used, in which the examinee is asked to circle only the 5 vowel-kanas as many as possible within two minutes and also to retain the meaning of the story. Functions of the prefrontal lobe was found to be similar among people of similar age. It was also found to be linearly and inversely associated with age. With the results of these tests, abnormal declines in function were relatively easy to detect.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Determining surgical indications for acute type B dissection based on enlargement of aortic diameter during the chronic phase.

BACKGROUND: In patients with Stanford type B dissection who have been treated successfully with medical hypotensive therapy during the acute phase, a large number have incurred the risk of surgery during their chronic phases because of enlargement of the dissected aorta. The purpose of this study was to determine the indications for surgical treatment of acute type B dissection by studying chronic-phase enlargements of aortic dissections in patients treated successfully with medical hypotensive therapy during the acute phase. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 41 patients with type B dissection who had been treated medically during the acute phase, univariate and multivariate factor analyses were made to determine the predominant predictors for chronic-phase enlargement (> or = 60 mm) of the dissected aorta. Computed tomography was performed every 4 to 14 months to observe whether there was enlargement of the maximum aortic diameter. The predominant predictors for aortic enlargement in the chronic phase were the existence of a maximum aortic diameter of > or = 40 mm during the acute phase (P < .001) and a patent primary entry site in the thoracic aorta (P = .001). The values of actuarial freedom from aortic enlargement for the patients with a large aortic diameter (> or = 40 mm) during the acute phase and a patent primary entry site in the thorax at 1, 3, and 5 years were 70%, 29%, and 22%, respectively. No aortic enlargement was observed in the other patients throughout the entire follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that patients with acute type B dissection who have a large aortic diameter (> or = 40 mm) and a patent primary entry site in the thorax should be treated surgically during the acute phase on the condition that the surgical risk in this phase is limited.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Successful treatment of invasive thoracopulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary mucormycosis associated with hematologic malignancy is an uncommon, but important opportunistic fungal pneumonia that is usually a fatal infection. Only a few survivors of pulmonary mucormycosis have been reported. METHODS: A case report of invasive thoracopulmonary mucormycosis during remission-induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a review of the literature are presented. RESULTS: The fungal lesions extended to both lungs, the left ribs, and intercostal muscles. Percutaneous needle biopsy and immunostaining of the fungal hyphae established the diagnosis of thoracopulmonary mucormycosis. The patient was treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and intravenous amphotericin B for 9 weeks and the lesions in the right lung disappeared. Left pneumonectomy and partial resection of the chest wall were later performed. The left lung was grossly necrotic and contained a large cavity and bronchopulmonary fistula. Thereafter, antileukemic therapy was resumed and completed without recurrence of mucormycosis or leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: In the management of mucormycosis, the addition of G-CSF to the conventional treatment may substantially improve outcome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

A crucial role for beta 2 integrin in the activation of eosinophils stimulated by IgG.

An IgG-coated surface, such as found on parasites, is one of the most effective physiologic stimuli for eosinophil activation. Recent evidence suggests that cellular adhesion, especially that through the beta 2 integrin, is an important step in cellular activation and accumulation. Therefore, we investigated the role of adhesion molecules in IgG-stimulated eosinophil functions. Cross-linking of eosinophil cytophilic IgG by anti-IgG immobilized to tissue culture plates induced degranulation, whereas soluble anti-IgG did not. Similarly, eosinophils exposed to human IgG immobilized to plates adhered and degranulated; in addition, adherence and subsequent degranulation were inhibited by mAbs to CD18 and CD11b, but not by mAb to CD29, suggesting an important role of beta 2 integrin for these responses. Eosinophil degranulation induced by IgG covalently coupled to Sepharose 4B beads was also inhibited by mAb to CD18. Furthermore, fibrinogen, a ligand for CD11b/18, showed synergistic enhancement of IgG-induced degranulation when it was co-immobilized with IgG to plates. A morphologic study showed that eosinophils, stimulated by immobilized IgG, protrude numerous pseudopods; this morphologic change was inhibited by mAb to CD18. This cellular adhesion seems to affect the early signaling events in eosinophils because the production of inositol phosphates was abolished by mAb to CD18. Interestingly, although superoxide production by eosinophils triggered by immobilized IgG was inhibited by mAb to CD18, superoxide production and morphologic change of neutrophils were not. These results suggest that cell adhesion through CD11b/18 is a crucial step for the activation, signaling, and effector function of eosinophils stimulated by IgG.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗