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Biomedical subjects

M Kaneko

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaneko.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Analysis of cyclic feed intake in rats fed on a zinc-deficient diet and the level of dihydropyrimidinase (EC 3.5.2.2).

The body weight and feed intake of rats fed on a Zn-deficient diet for 28 d were reduced compared with those of control rats. The feed intakes of the Zn-deficient and control groups during the period were 10.2 (SE 0.3) and 15.7 (SE 0.2) g/d respectively. Cyclic variations in feed intake and body-weight changes were found in analysis not only of all the data for five rats but also that in each individual rat. Cosinor analysis revealed that the cyclical period of both the feed intake and body-weight change in the Zn-deficient rats was 3.5 (SE 0.1) d. The mesor and amplitude value of the feed intake in the Zn-deficient rats was 10.1 (SE 0.4) g/d and 3.5 (SE 0.5) g/d respectively, and that of body-weight change was 1.4 (SE 0.1) g/d and 7.9 (SE 1.3) g/d respectively. Among pyrimidine-catabolizing enzymes, dihydropyrimidinase (EC 3.5.2.2) activity showed significant retardation in the Zn-deficient rat liver with decrease of the enzyme protein. The ratio of apo-form to holo-form dihydropyrimidinase in the liver was not affected by the Zn-deficient diet.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1995

Interaction of extradural morphine and lignocaine on ventilatory response.

We have evaluated the effects of lumbar extradural morphine and lignocaine on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. Twenty-four female patients were allocated randomly to receive extradural morphine 2 mg (group M), 2% lignocaine 10 ml (group L) or a combination of morphine 2 mg and 2% lignocaine 10 ml (group ML). On the day before surgery, resting ventilatory values including minute volume (VE) and tidal volume (VT), and ventilatory response to progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia (VE/PE'CO2) were measured. On the day of surgery, the same measurements were repeated 30 min after extradural injection. Ventilatory values at rest were not altered after extradural injection. Mean VE/PE'CO2 decreased significantly after extradural morphine (P = 0.002) and increased (P = 0.011) after extradural lignocaine. Mean VE 7.3 (VE at PE'CO2 7.3 kPa) decreased significantly after extradural morphine (P < 0.001) and increased after extradural lignocaine (P = 0.047). Extradural morphine and lignocaine did not significantly alter mean VE/PE'CO2 and mean VE 7.3: 14.6 (95% confidence intervals 12.1-17.1) to 15.3 (13.1-17.6) litre min-1 kPa-1 and 22.8 (18.1-27.5) to 22.8 (17.3-28.3) litre min-1, respectively. We conclude that extradural co-administration of morphine and lignocaine did not increase the risk of respiratory depression associated with morphine.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Serovars and drug susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from patients with sporadic diarrhea in Yamanashi Prefecture during the last decade (1985-1994)].

A total of 1242 strains of Salmonella isolated from patients with sporadic diarrhea during the period from April 1985 to December 1994 in Yamanashi Prefecture, were tested for their serovars and drug susceptibility. The results can be summerized as follows: 1) The isolates were serologically classified into 54 different serovars. The predominant serovars were S. Enteritidis (39.6%), S. Typhimurium (16.6%), S. Oranienburg (4.8%), S. Hadar (4.6%), S. Litchfield (4.4%). 2) Serovars of S. Stanleyville, S. Hartford, S. Rissen, S. Chincol, S. Gaminara, S. Poona and S. Hvittingfoss were isolated from human sources for the first time in Yamanashi Prefecture. 3) Yearly frequency of isolates was 19.2% in 1989, 15.5% in 1994, 11.8% in 1993. 4) Monthly frequency of isolates was 21.2% in August, 17.1% in September, 12.0% in October, 11.2% in July. 5) The predominant age of isolates were 2 years of age (99 strains: 8%), 1 year of age (92 strains: 7.5%), 4 years of age (68 strains: 5.5%), 3 years of age (64 strains: 5.2%) and under 1 year of age (62 strains: 5.0%). 6) The rate of isolates from males was higher than females (Male: 58.0%, Female: 42,0%). 7) The frequency of resistant isolates was 62.5% in the period. The most predominant resistance pattern was SM single resistance because of the increase of S. Enteritidis. 8) The number of resistant strains of S. Enteritidis was 424 out of 492 strains (86.2%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Creatine kinase kinetics in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

One feature of the diabetic cardiomyopathy is the appearance of contractile dysfunction as the workload increases. We hypothesized that this resulted from an impaired creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system and therefore examined the creatine kinase kinetics at both low and high workloads. Creatine kinase flux (by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance saturation transfer method), cardiac performance, and oxygen consumption were measured in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat hearts. Creatine kinase flux was inhibited by iodoacetamide in control hearts to confirm the role of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system in cardiac performance. In diabetic hearts, 1) the contractile dysfunction became apparent only at high workloads, 2) the ATP synthesis rate was not significantly different from control hearts, 3) the creatine kinase flux was reduced by 30.8% (257.5 +/- 7.7 mumol.g wet wt-1.min-1 in control vs. 178.3 +/- 9.4 in diabetes, P < 0.001), and 4) the creatine kinase flux did not increase as the workload increased. In control hearts, 5) iodoacetamide inhibited the creatine kinase flux to the same degree as that in diabetic hearts, and 6) the contractile dysfunction was not as severe as that observed in diabetic hearts. These results suggest that the impaired creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system is, at least in part, responsible for the contractile dysfunction in the diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Allergen-specific IgG1 and IgG3 through Fc gamma RII induce eosinophil degranulation.

Evidence suggests that eosinophils contribute to inflammation in bronchial asthma by releasing chemical mediators and cytotoxic granule proteins. To investigate the mechanism of eosinophil degranulation in asthma, we established an in vitro model of allergen-induced degranulation. We treated tissue culture plates with short ragweed pollen (SRW) extract and sera from either normal donors or SRW-sensitive patients with asthma. Eosinophils were incubated in the wells and degranulation was assessed by measurement of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in supernatants. We detected degranulation only when sera from SRW-sensitive patients were reacted with SRW. Anti-IgG and anti-Fc gamma RII mAb, but not anti-IgE or anti-Fc epsilon RII mAb, abolished the degranulation. IgG-depleted serum did not induce degranulation; IgE-depleted serum triggered as much degranulation as untreated serum. Furthermore, serum levels of SRW-specific IgG1 or IgG3 correlated with the amounts of released eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. When eosinophils were cultured in wells coated with purified IgG or IgE, eosinophil degranulation was observed only with IgG. Finally, human IgG1 and IgG3, and less consistently IgG2, but not IgG4, induced degranulation. Thus, sera from patients with SRW-sensitive asthma induce eosinophil degranulation in vitro through antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies. These antibodies may be responsible for degranulation of eosinophils in inflammatory reactions, such as bronchial asthma.

Allergens↗
PubMed1995

A polysaccharide fraction of shosaiko-to active in augmentation of natural killer activity by oral administration.

Shosaiko-to (Xiao-chai-hu-tang, SHO), which is a Kampo medicine prepared by decocting a prescription of 7 kinds of medical plants, has been used mainly to treat chronic hepatitis in Japan. Previously, we reported that an oral administration of SHO augmented natural killer (NK) activity in the peripheral blood. To characterize its active substance, SHO was fractionated. The high molecular weight fraction showed the ability to augment NK activity by oral administration, but the low molecular weight fraction did not. Furthermore, we obtained an active acidic polysaccharide from the high molecular weight fraction. This polysaccharide fraction, with a molecular weight of approximately 1.2 x 10(5), is probably responsible for the effect of the original Shosaiko-to. It contained no protein. The sugar moiety was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose and galacturonic acid in molar ratios of 1:17:3:21:100:87.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[The study of the relation between the working conditions and the prevalences of obesity, liver disorder and hyperlipidemia: evaluation of physiological examination data during the terms of car manufacturing work and car sales work].

To evaluate the relation between the working conditions and the workers' health, particularly the prevalences of obesity, liver disorder and hyperlipidemia, we analyzed physiological examination data and the questionnaire survey about life behaviors and working conditions during the terms of car manufacturing work and car sales work among 61 male subjects. In the physiological examination data, compared with the term of car manufacturing work, the values of body weight, body mass index (BMI), GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, TG and T-CHO elevated and the prevalences of obesity and liver disorder increased during the term of car sales work. During the term of car sales work, the prevalences of alcohol drinkers and cigarette smokers increased and the changes of food intake behaviors were noted. It was estimated that the changes of food intake behaviors associated with the differences of working conditions contributed increasing number of obesity and liver disorder that was based on fatty liver caused by hyperlipidemia. These results of this study suggested that working conditions associated with the prevalences of obesity, liver disorder and hyperlipidemia were important to conduct the effective health education in the present occupational health administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Associated injuries and mechanism of atlanto-occipital dislocation caused by trauma.

Injuries associated with traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) leading to death were analyzed in 11 patients, nine injured by traffic accidents, of which five were victims of car-pedestrian accidents. On admission, unconsciousness and respiratory arrest were noted in all patients, and cardiac arrest in nine. Skull and cervical roentgenograms revealed enlargement of the retropharyngeal space due to injury of the vertebral artery or its branches in nine patients, atlanto-axial dislocation (C-1-C-2 separation) in four, and skull fracture in four. Computed tomography demonstrated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the upper cervical and posterior fossa in nine patients, fourth ventricular hematoma in seven, and atlas fracture in three. SAH and ventricular hematoma were due to craniocervical injury. Other common injuries were injury of face and head excluding the mandibular region in 10 patients, mandibular fracture in three, severe chest injuries in eight, and intraperitoneal bleeding in two. The overall outcome was poor. Nine patients died within 13 hours of admission, one was diagnosed as brain dead 8 days after the accident, and the other one survived in a persistent vegetative state. Early death is probably caused by associated severe injuries, i.e. chest injuries and intraperitoneal bleeding rather than AOD. Although injury of the mandibular region is known to be associated with AOD, head, breast, and abdominal trauma may also lead to neck hyperextension-flexion in various directions. Whatever the direct cause, a distractive force to the craniocervical joint by hyperextension-flexion appears to be important in the mechanism of AOD.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

[Pineocytoma associated with a cyst: report of a case].

We report a case of pineocytoma associated with an unusually large cyst. A 15-year-old boy was admitted with a complaint of intermittent headache. Neurological examination was normal except for bilateral papilledema. CT scan showed triventricular hydrocephalus and a large mass. A solid portion of the tumor in the pineal and retrothalamic areas was isodense, and contained massive calcification on CT. A huge cystic portion extended far into the infratentorial, supracellebellar area. On MR, the solid tumor showed isointensity on T1-WI and iso- to high intensity on T2-WI, and was enhanced by Gd-DTPA. After a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, the tumor was partially removed through an occipital supratentorial approach. Histological examination revealed a pineocytoma with neuronal and astrocytic differentiations. Reviewing the literature, it is most unusual to find a pineocytoma associated with a huge cyst as was seen in this case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Endotoxin eliminating therapy in patients with severe sepsis--direct hemoperfusion using polymyxin B immobilized fiber column].

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: PMX is a blood purifier containing chemically immobilized polymyxin B fiber (PMX-F). To evaluate its effectiveness on the severe septic human, direct hemoperfusion (DHP) using a PMX-F was performed for 2 hours. The changes in various circulatory parameters, symptoms of septic shock, and blood endotoxin concentration and the survival rate, were evaluated. RESULTS: DHP was performed 61 times in 42 patients, of whom 38 had septic MOF, 25 with gram-negative bacterial infection. At the initiation of this treatment, 33 patients were receiving vasoactive agents, and 36 were under artificial ventilation via endotracheal intubation. The mean septic severity score (SSS) in all patients was about 46.6. Twenty-two of the 42 survived. The endotoxin concentration (mean +/- S.E.; pg/ml) was 85.0 +/- 27.2 immediately before treatment but significantly decreased to 57.5 +/- 28.4 after treatment (n = 50) and to 28.2 +/- 4.4 on the next day (n = 23) (p < 0.01). The endotoxin concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the PMX also significantly decreased 30 minutes after the initiation of DHP. Circulatory parameters, BP, CI, SVR and Vo2I demonstrated significant improvement. Body temperature also showed the same results. The removal of endotoxin in the blood using PMX was effective for severe sepsis or septic MOF. Various symptoms due to endotoxin was alleviated after this treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[An intraocular lens power calculation for high myopia].

The accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas for the axial high myopia were examined, especially regarding the point of the predictive refraction. We examined 170 eyes with axial lengths of 27 mm or longer, with postoperative visual acuity of 0.5 or more, and postoperative astigmatism of less than +/- 2D. Five formulas were tested for accuracy in predicting postoperative refraction. They were the L-SRK, SRK, SRK II, SRK/T, and Binkhorst formulas. The SRK formula tended to predict less myopia than the actual postoperative refraction. The SRK II and Binkhorst formulas predicted more myopia than the actual postoperative refraction. The best results were produced by the L-SRK and SRK/T formulas. The accuracy of the L-SRK formula predictions were measured for each of the four myopic levels. The same was done for the SRK/T formula. For both formulas, there was no statistically significant difference in accuracy of prediction for the four myopic categories. The two formulas are considered to be useful for high myopic cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[Establishment and characterization of a childhood embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with nonrandom chromosome alterations].

A childhood embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, designated as TS-RM-1, was established from transplanted tumor in nude mouse. TS-RM-1 cells were small, spindle to polygonal shaped and cytoplasm was rich in glycogen. Estimated population doubling time was 31 hours and the distribution of chromosome number was in the range of 88 to 98. The karyotype of TS-RM-1 cells revealed nonrandom structural chromosome alterations, including der(3)t(1;3)(q12;p12-14),16q-,17q+ and 21q+. In immuno-cytohistochemical study, both TS-RM-1 cells and the primary tumor were positive for desmin and vimentin. TS-RM-1 cell line may be useful for studying the association between embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and a specific alteration in chromosome 3.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Enhanced delineation of the pancreatic duct in MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with a combined use of secretin].

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a method that can depict the main pancreatic duct non-invasively; however, its tendency to overestimate ductal stenosis is being noted. The authors used secretin to stimulate the output of pancreatic juice, which increased the signal of the main pancreatic duct and consequently minimized the occurrence of pseudostenosis artifacts in MRCP. MRCP images of 54 patients suspected of having pancreatic disease were visually evaluated by two observers before and after administration of secretin (1 clinical unit/kg). Improved delineation of the main pancreatic duct (68.5-59.3%, p < 0.05) and its side branches (40.7-29.6%, p < 0.05) was obtained with good interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.71-0.68).

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[The proliferative activity in epithelial hyperplasia of the breast].

Epithelial hyperplasia of the breast has been recognized as an indicator of the risk for occurrence of invasive ductal carcinoma. In the future, however, its biological nature as well as precancerous potency remains unclear. Therefore, in order to elucidate a part of its biological nature, we attempted to evaluate proliferative activity in 62 lesions of epithelial hyperplasia of the breast, by means of immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 and silver stain of nuclear organizer region (NOR). Consequently, the labelling index (LI) of Ki-67 and the number of AgNOR became larger according to the increased grade of stratification, but cellular atypia without significant stratification also showed large LI of Ki-67 and number of AgNOR. Moreover, it was suggested from the discrepancy in the results of Ki-67 and AgNOR that AgNOR and Ki-67 reflected different phenomena.

Breast↗
PubMed1995

[Prognostic evaluation of patients with severe head injury by motor evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation--combined analysis with brainstem auditory evoked potentials].

Prognostic evaluation of severe head injury was performed on the basis of transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). The subjects were 43 severe head injury patients with Glasgow Coma Scale Scores (GCS) of 9 or less. MEPs were recorded within 3 days after the injury. Patient outcome at 1, 6 and 12 months after the injury was correlated with the MEPs and BAEPs. Differences between MEP and BAEP findings in focal lesions and diffuse lesions also were analyzed. MEP wave latencies and inter-peak latencies between BAEP waves IV and V and between waves I and V were evaluated. There was a closer relationship between MEP latency and GOS, especially between the good recovery group and other outcome groups. At 1 month after the injury, there was a closer correlation between MEP latency and BAEP latency in those who died than in those who survived, and this tendency was more evident with regard to focal lesions. However, there was no significant correlation between MEP and patient outcome when the lesions were diffuse. There was no correlation between BAEP latencies and patient outcome, but there was a good, close correlation between prolonged MEP latency and unfavorable outcome at 1, 6, 12 months after injury. In conclusion, the combined use of BAEPs and MEPs induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation is useful in prognostic evaluation of acute head injury patients, especially when the brain lesions are focal.

Adolescent↗