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Biomedical subjects

M Kanzaki

Publications and source records attributed to M Kanzaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Anti-ganglioside complex antibodies associated with severe disability in GBS.

Ganglioside complexes (GSCs) are known as target antigens in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). To elucidate the clinical importance of the anti-GSC antibodies in GBS, we investigated serum antibodies to GSCs containing two of the gangliosides, GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b, and analyzed clinical features of anti-GSC-positive GBS patients. Thirty-nine (17%) of 234 GBS patients had IgG anti-GSC antibodies. Anti-GSC-positive GBS had antecedent gastrointestinal infection and lower cranial nerve deficits more frequently than control GBS. The presence of antibody specificity to GD1a/GD1b and/or GD1b/GT1b was significantly associated with severe disability and a requirement for mechanical ventilation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Anti-ganglioside complex antibodies in Miller Fisher syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Some ganglioside complexes (GSCs) are target antigens for serum antibodies in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Anti-GSC antibodies may be associated with particular clinical features of GBS. OBJECTIVE: To investigate antibodies to GSCs in the sera of patients with Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) characterised by elevation of the IgG anti-GQ1b antibody. RESULTS: In all, 7 of 12 (58%) consecutive patients with MFS were found to have IgG antibodies to GSCs containing GQ1b, of whom 5 had IgG antibodies to GQ1b-GM1 complex (GQ1b/GM1) and 2 had antibodies to GQ1b/GD1a; 4 of 5 patients without sensory symptoms had anti-GQ1b/GM1 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: At least three different specificities in MFS-associated antibodies, GQ1b-specific, anti-GQ1b/GM1-positive and anti-GQ1b/GD1a-positive, were observed. In patients with MFS not only GQ1b itself but also clustered epitopes of GSCs, including GQ1b, may be considered to be prime target antigens for serum antibodies. A tendency to escape sensory disturbances is shown by anti-GQ1b/GM1-positive MFS.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[New forceps for a sutureless patch technique using sheet materials].

Intraoperative air leaks are often treated by a sutureless patch technique using a fibrin tissue-adhesive collagen fleece or synthetic materials with fibrin sealant. Intraoperatively, the technique of using these materials has been troublesome, therefore air leaks fail to close. Akicette has been applied as an easy sutureless patch technique for air leaks. Seven air leaks (5 were lung cancers, 2 were spontaneous pneumothorax) were treated with Akicette. Akicette is simple to operate with, and can easily carry sheet materials. Using Akicette, the sheet materials tightly adhered onto surrounding the pleural defect without any sliding on the wet lung surface. Akicette is feasible tool for a sutureless patch technique and is useful to easily place the sheet materials.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2004

Anti-GQ1b antibody as a factor predictive of mechanical ventilation in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Compared with 87 unventilated patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 44 ventilated patients with GBS more frequently had multiple cranial nerve involvement (91 vs 50%; p < 0.001) and IgG anti-GQ1b antibody (27 vs 8%; p = 0.006). In GBS patients without ophthalmoparesis, the presence of IgG anti-GQ1b antibody was associated with respiratory failure (12 [3/25] vs 0% [0/67]; p = 0.04). The presence of the antibody may be a factor predictive of respiratory failure in GBS.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Seasonal variation of multiple sclerosis exacerbations in Japan.

Several reports have described the seasonal variation of multiple sclerosis (MS) attacks in the European countries and in the US. Some have insisted that attacks occurred more frequently in winter or spring. We investigated the possibility of a seasonal variation in the frequency of MS attacks among patients in Japan. A total of 172 MS exacerbations in 34 MS patients were analyzed retrospectively. Attacks were divided into two groups: opticospinal type and brain type. The 12 months of the year were assigned to 6 groups based on average monthly temperature. Of the 172 MS exacerbations, 123 were opticospinal type and 49 were brain type of attacks. The total number of attacks was significantly more frequent in the warmest (July and August) and coldest (January and February) months. The heat of summer in warmer, low latitude areas may be a risk factor for MS attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Intraspinal sarcoidosis: clinical features, MR imaging and electrophysiological study.

We presented the case of a 58-year-old woman with spinal sarcoidosis at the C4-C6 level. The lesion itself as visualized with magnetic resonance imaging, and its neurological findings responded favorably to treatment with prednisolone. Comparison of pre- and post-treatment values for somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and central motor conduction time (CMCT) also showed improvement. Analysis of SEP and CMCT can be a useful tool for following up spinal sarcoidosis.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical study on video-assisted thoracic surgical simultaneously stapled subsegmentectomy for peripheral lung tumors].

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to confirm the safety and validity of video-assisted thoracic surgical simultaneously stapled subsegmentectomy (simultaneously stapling of all subsegmental bronchi and vessels in their natural construction). METHODS: The clinicopathologic information of the 10 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgical simultaneously stapled subsegmentectomy for primary lung cancer (6) and metastatic lung tumor (4) were reviewed retrospectively. The patient population consisted of 7 men and 3 women with a mean age of 70.2 years. RESULTS: Median operative time was 201 minutes. Average blood loss was 76 ml. Mean duration of thoracic drainage was 3 days. There was no surgical mortality. Recurrence was diagnosed in 2 of 6 lung cancer patients (each of contralateral lung metastasis and brain metastasis), and 1 of 2 died 26 months after the operation. All patients have been followed for a mean period of 30.4 months with no local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Video-assisted thoracic surgical simultaneously stapled subsegmentectomy is safe and may be an acceptable alternative to segmentectomy, and wedge resection for strictly selective patients with peripheral lung tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

[Stenting in obstruction of superior vena cava; clinical experience with the self-expanding endovascular prosthesis].

From August 1997 to December 2002, 14 consecutive patients with superior vena cava syndrome with the self-expanding endovascular prosthesis. Diagnoses were adenocarcinoma in 6, small cell carcinoma in 4, squamous cell carcinoma in 1, metastatic lung cancer in 2, and invasive thymoma in 1. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured on their admission and perioperative period. Expecting only 1 patient complete symptomatically relieved within 3 days of stent implantation. Superior vena cava pressure or radial pressure of the stent was sufficient to relieve obstruction. Preoperative ANP level were normal, BNP level were increased. Postoperatively both ANP level and BNP level were slightly increased under intravenous dopamine hydrochloride. Implantation of the self-expanding stent endovascular prosthesis for superior vena cava syndrome provides rapid symptomatic relief and improves the patient's quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Total aortic arch replacement for distal aortic arch aneurysm with adhered left lung: report of a case].

A 76-year-old man with a history of pleuritis and a cerebral infarct underwent a total arch replacement for an aneurysm of the distal aortic arch. Computed tomography revealed a true aneurysm having a maximum diameter of 70 mm as well as pleural thickening and calcification. Total arch replacement with selective cerebral perfusion was performed through median sternotomy and left thoracotomy. The myocardial ischemic time was shortened by reperfusion from the right axillary artery after the anastomosis of the proximal ascending aorta and the brachiocephalic artery. After the other branches of the arch were anastomosed, a distal anastomosis through the left thoracotomy was then performed using the pull-through method, enabling minimal decortication of the adhered lung. Our surgical procedure for distal arch aneurysm with adhered lung involves the addition of a left thoracotomy, but the reduction in the myocardial ischemic time and lung injury are of benefit.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Corrective surgery for pectus excavatum in patients with Marfan syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: Among 1,967 patients who underwent corrective surgery for pectus excavatum in our department between January 1980 and December 2001, 33 patients diagnosed as having Marfan syndrome were evaluated. We evaluated the clinical problems and outcome of the 33 patients. RESULTS: The outcome of corrective surgery for pectus excavatum in the 26 patients who underwent a single technique surgery was generally good. Pectus excavatum was complicated by a total of 25 cases of cardiovascular disorder in 14 of 33 (42%) patients. Six patients underwent corrective surgery for pectus excavatum and cardiovascular disorders simultaneously. Three patients also had disorders of lung, which included spontaneous pneumothorax in 2 patients and progressive emphysematous cyst in 1 patient. The 2 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent resection of bullae together with corrective surgery of pectus excavatum, while the patient with progressive emphysematous cyst underwent resection of bullae in a separate surgery after correction of pectus excavatum. Cardiovascular disorders were aggravated in 6 of the 20 patients who could be follow up. A total of 4 (20%) patients died long after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We corrected pectus excavatum in 33 patients with Marfan syndrome, and obtained favorable outcomes. The postsurgical outcome depends on progression of lesions of the heart and large vessels, and it is essential to monitor such lesions carefully.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Surgical management of acute empyema].

Basic principles apply to the management of all forms of acute empyema: investigation and treatment of the underlying infection, drainage of purulent collection, obliteration of the space, and treatment of the associated intercurrent medical conditions. From July 1999 to May 2001, we performed surgical treatment in 11 patients for acute empyema. There were 4 cases of the fibrinopurulent phase and 7 cases of the organizing phase. Surgical procedure was 7 open thoracotomies and 4 thoracoscopies. The mean operating time was 154.2 +/- 36.6 minutes and blood loss during surgery was 344.7 +/- 274.8 ml. There was no procedure-related morbidity. In conclusion, early aggressive surgical approach is a feasible method for treatment of acute empyema.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Insulin stimulates actin comet tails on intracellular GLUT4-containing compartments in differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes.

Incubation of isolated GLUT4-containing vesicles with Xenopus oocyte extracts resulted in a guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP gamma S) and sodium orthovanadate stimulation of actin comet tails. The in vitro actin-based GLUT4 vesicle motility was inhibited by both latrunculin B and a dominant-interfering N-WASP mutant, N-WASP/Delta VCA. Preparations of gently sheared (broken) 3T3L1 adipocytes also displayed GTP gamma S and sodium orthovanadate stimulation of actin comet tails on GLUT4 intracellular compartments. Furthermore, insulin pretreatment of intact adipocytes prior to gently shearing also resulted in a marked increase in actin polymerization and actin comet tailing on GLUT4 vesicles. In addition, the insulin stimulation of actin comet tails was completely inhibited by Clostridum difficile toxin B, demonstrating a specific role for a Rho family member small GTP-binding protein. Expression of N-WASP/Delta VCA in intact cells had little effect on adipocyte cortical actin but partially inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that insulin can induce GLUT4 vesicle actin comet tails that are necessary for the efficient translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular storage sites to the plasma membrane.

Actins↗
PubMed2001

Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes is dependent upon cortical actin remodeling.

Rhodamine-labeled phalloidin staining of morphologically differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes demonstrated that F-actin predominantly exists juxtaposed to and lining the inner face of the plasma membrane (cortical actin) with a smaller amount of stress fiber and/or ruffling actin confined to the cell bottom in contact with the substratum. The extent of cortical actin disruption with various doses of either latrunculin B or Clostridium difficile toxin B (a Rho family small GTP-binding protein toxin) directly correlated with the inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. The dissolution of the cortical actin network had no significant effect on proximal insulin receptor signaling events including insulin receptor autophosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate and Cbl, or serine/threonine phosphorylation of Akt. Surprisingly, however, stabilization of F-actin with jasplakinolide also resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. In vivo time-lapse confocal fluorescent microscopy of actin-yellow fluorescent protein demonstrated that insulin stimulation initially results in cortical actin remodeling followed by an increase in polymerized actin in the peri-nuclear region. Importantly, the insulin stimulation of cortical actin rearrangements was completely blocked by treatment of the cells with latrunculin B, C. difficile toxin B, and jasplakinolide. Furthermore, expression of the dominant-interfering TC10/T31N mutant completely disrupted cortical actin and prevents any insulin-stimulated actin remodeling. Together, these data demonstrate that cortical actin, but not stress fibers, lamellipodia, or filopodia, plays an important regulatory role in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. In addition, cortical F-actin does not function in a static manner (e.g. barrier or scaffold), but insulin-stimulated dynamic cortical actin remodeling is necessary for the GLUT4 translocation process.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2001

Lipid raft microdomain compartmentalization of TC10 is required for insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocation.

Recent studies indicate that insulin stimulation of glucose transporter (GLUT)4 translocation requires at least two distinct insulin receptor-mediated signals: one leading to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI-3) kinase and the other to the activation of the small GTP binding protein TC10. We now demonstrate that TC10 is processed through the secretory membrane trafficking system and localizes to caveolin-enriched lipid raft microdomains. Although insulin activated the wild-type TC10 protein and a TC10/H-Ras chimera that were targeted to lipid raft microdomains, it was unable to activate a TC10/K-Ras chimera that was directed to the nonlipid raft domains. Similarly, only the lipid raft-localized TC10/ H-Ras chimera inhibited GLUT4 translocation, whereas the TC10/K-Ras chimera showed no significant inhibitory activity. Furthermore, disruption of lipid raft microdomains by expression of a dominant-interfering caveolin 3 mutant (Cav3/DGV) inhibited the insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and TC10 lipid raft localization and activation without affecting PI-3 kinase signaling. These data demonstrate that the insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes requires the spatial separation and distinct compartmentalization of the PI-3 kinase and TC10 signaling pathways.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2001

Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation requires the CAP-dependent activation of TC10.

The stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin in muscle and adipose tissue requires translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter protein from intracellular storage sites to the cell surface. Although the cellular dynamics of GLUT4 vesicle trafficking are well described, the signalling pathways that link the insulin receptor to GLUT4 translocation remain poorly understood. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) is required for this trafficking event, but it is not sufficient to produce GLUT4 translocation. We previously described a pathway involving the insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl, which is recruited to the insulin receptor by the adapter protein CAP. On phosphorylation, Cbl is translocated to lipid rafts. Blocking this step completely inhibits the stimulation of GLUT4 translocation by insulin. Here we show that phosphorylated Cbl recruits the CrkII-C3G complex to lipid rafts, where C3G specifically activates the small GTP-binding protein TC10. This process is independent of PI(3)K, but requires the translocation of Cbl, Crk and C3G to the lipid raft. The activation of TC10 is essential for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. The TC10 pathway functions in parallel with PI(3)K to stimulate fully GLUT4 translocation in response to insulin.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2001

The role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the diagnosis of the small peripheral pulmonary nodule.

BACKGROUND: The use of imaging techniques to detect small peripheral pulmonary nodules often results in a missed diagnosis. Thoracoscopy had limited application until recently, when advances in technology allowed thoracic surgeons greater visualization and mobility within the chest. METHODS: Between September 1992 and June 1997, 81 patients were treated for small peripheral pulmonary nodules by pulmonary wedge excision using video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques. The patients were 39 men and 42 women with an average age of 59.5 years. RESULTS: A definitive diagnosis was obtained in all cases. Malignancies were found in 44 patients (55%), which involved primary lung cancer in 28 patients and metastatic lesions in 16 patients. The rate of malignancy in nodules measuring 1 cm or less was 18%. There was no operative mortality or morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy is a more effective and less invasive diagnostic tool for small peripheral pulmonary nodules.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Identification of a novel chloride channel expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and nucleus.

MID-1 is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding a stretch-activated channel. Using MID-1 as a molecular probe, we isolated rat cDNA encoding a protein with four putative transmembrane domains. This gene encoded a protein of 541 amino acids. We also cloned the human homologue, which encoded 551 amino acids. Messenger RNA for this gene was expressed abundantly in the testis and moderately in the spleen, liver, kidney, heart, brain, and lung. In the testis, immunoreactivity of the gene product was detected both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. When expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, the gene product was located in intracellular compartments including endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. When microsome fraction obtained from the transfected cells, but not from mock-transfected cells, was incorporated into the lipid bilayer, an anion channel activity was detected. Unitary conductance was 70 picosiemens in symmetric 150 mm KCl solution. We designated this gene Mid-1-related chloride channel (MCLC). MCLC encodes a new class of chloride channel expressed in intracellular compartments.

Amino Acid Sequence↗