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M Kato

Publications and source records attributed to M Kato.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A filter immunobinding technique for the rapid detection and simultaneous identification of avian and bovine mycoplasmas.

A filter immunobinding (FIB) method was developed for the detection and identification of mycoplasmas. Type strains of a total of 18 avian and bovine mycoplasma species propagated in broth media were diluted and immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane as antigens for investigating the specificity with rabbit hyperimmune sera. Non-specific FIB reactions were easily eliminated by the procedure of absorbing rabbit hyperimmune sera in the broth. Absorbed rabbit hyperimmune sera exhibited clear species-specificity with mycoplasma antigens by the FIB. These specific reactions always agreed with the results of identification by tests of biochemical properties and growth inhibition for the isolates of M. bovirhinis, M. bovis, M. columbinum, M. columborale, M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae. Some bovine mycoplasma species, which were impossible to identify by growth inhibition test, because of their strong production of film and spots on the agar, specifically reacted with absorbed rabbit hyperimmune sera against M. bovis in the FIB. The detection limit of mycoplasmas by this method was about 10(4)-10(5) colony-forming units/ml, which is lower than that of colony determination on agar. The FIB seems to be a useful technique for rapid detection and simultaneous identification of mycoplasmas.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Hyperinsulinemia in relation to hypertension and other coronary risk factors in Japanese men.

In addition to obesity, abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism are common in hypertensives, indicating a possible link between hypertension and hyperinsulinemia. Since the frequency of obesity in Japanese is lower than that in Caucasians, the present study was designed to clarify the frequencies of hyperinsulinemia, glucose and lipid abnormalities, and obesity. We surveyed consecutively 470 men without a history of gastrectomy who visited a health clinic after excluding previously known hypertensives receiving hypotensive agents (4.2%) and diabetics (6.1%). Hypertensives with a blood pressure exceeding 150 and/or 90 mmHg (n = 62) had a significantly higher frequency of diabetes mellitus (6.5%) associated with hypercholesterolemia (24.2%) and mild obesity with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25 (24.2%) than those of normotensives. When reanalyzed according to the presence or absence of hyperinsulinemia after 75 g oral glucose loading, hyperinsulinemic men demonstrated a higher blood pressure. The incidences of impaired glucose tolerance (67.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (64.4%), low HDL-cholesterol (53.4%), hypercholesterolemia (21.9%) and mild obesity (37.0%) were also significantly higher than those of normoinsulinemic subjects. Subjects with either hypertension and/or hyperinsulinemia had a significantly higher incidence of coexistence of these risk factors. Multiple regression analysis revealed that not only BMI, but also the plasma glucose and insulin response during the 75 g glucose loading test independently correlated with mean blood pressure. These results suggest that hypertensive and/or hyperinsulinemic subjects may be associated with excess cardiovascular risk and should be managed more carefully.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1997

An evaluation of neuromuscular reversal with edrophonium in a patient with malathion intoxication.

We evaluated the neuromuscular reversal with edrophonium using peripheral nerve stimulator and recorder in a patient with malathion intoxication. Edrophonium 10 mg i.v. caused an increase in single twitch tension by 76% of the control during the recovery phase from an acute cholinergic crisis 16 days after ingestion of malathion solution. The present study indicated that edrophonium test seems to be a reliable monitoring in evaluating neuromuscular reversal in the patient with acute malathion insecticide poisoning.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Neuromuscular blocking actions of the aminoglycoside antibiotics sisomicin and micronomicin in the rabbit.

The neuromuscular blocking actions of sisomicin sulfate (SISO), micronomicin sulfate (MCR) and d-tubocurarine (dTc) were studied in 20 rabbits anesthetized with halothane. The i.v. administration of SISO 20-40 mg/kg, MCR 40-80 mg/kg or dTc 0.1-0.3 mg/kg resulted in dose-dependent decreases in twitch tension. The ED50s for SISO, MCR and dTc were 23.5, 58.2 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively. SISO- and MCR-induced neuromuscular blockade was partially antagonized by neostigmine or by calcium.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1997

Expression of CD34 in glomus tumors.

Immunohistochemical studies were performed in order to characterize glomus tumors. In all cases the glomus tumor cells stained positively for smooth muscle actin. In half of six cases, the glomus tumor cells weakly expressed desmin. They were not reactive with Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I and anti-Factor VIII-related antigen, whereas the only endothelial cells were reactive with them. The tumor cells as well as vascular endothelial cells amongst the tumor cells expressed CD34 in five of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Measurements of LET distribution and dose equivalent onboard the Space Shuttle IML-2 (STS-65) and S/MM#4 (STS-79).

Space radiation dosimetry measurements have been made onboard the Space Shuttle STS-65 in the Second International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2: 28.5 degrees x 300 km: 14.68 days) and the STS-79 in the 4th Shuttle MIR mission (S/MM#4: 51.6 degrees x 300-400km: 10.2 days). In these measurements, three kinds of detectors were used; one is a newly developed active detector telescope called "Real-time Radiation Monitoring Device (RRMD-I for IML-2 and RRMD-II with improved triggering system for S/MM#4)" utilizing silicon semi-conductor detectors and the other detectors are conventional passive detectors of thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) and CR-39 plastic track detectors. The main contribution to dose equivalent for particles with LET > 5.0 keV/micrometer (IML-2) and LET > 3.5 keV/micrometer (S/MM#4) is seen to be due to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and the contribution of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is less than 5% (IML-2: 28.5 degrees x 300 km) and 15% (S/MM#4: 51.6 degrees x 400 km) in the above RRMD LET detection conditions. For the whole LET range (> 0.2 kev/micrometer) obtained by TLDs and CR-39 in these two typical orbits (a small inclination x low altitude and a large inclination x high altitude), absorbed dose rates range from 94 to 114 microGy/day, dose equivalent rates from 186 to 207 microSv/day and average quality factors from 1.82 to 2.00 depending on the locations and directions of detectors inside the Spacelab at the highly protected IML-2 orbit (28.5 degrees x 300 km), and also, absorbed dose rates range from 290 to 367 microGy/day, dose equivalent rates from 582 to 651 microSv/day and average quality factors from 1.78 to 2.01 depending on the dosimeter packages around the RRMD-II "Detector Unit" at the S/MM#4 orbit (5l.6 degrees x 400km). In general, it is seen that absorbed doses depend on the orbit altitude (SAA trapped particles contribution dominant) and dose equivalents on the orbit inclination (GCR contribution dominant). The LET distributions obtained by two different types of active and passive detectors, RRMDs and CR-39, are in good agreement for LET of 15 - 200 kev/micrometer and difference of these distributions in the regions of LET < 15 kev/micrometer and LET > 200 kev/micrometer can be explained by considering characteristics of CR-39 etched track formation especially for the low LET tracks and chemical etching conditions.

Atlantic Ocean↗
PubMed1997

Space radiation enhancement linked to geomagnetic disturbances.

Space radiation dosimetry measurements have been made on board the Space Shuttle. A newly developed active detector called "Real-time Radiation Monitoring Device (RRMD)" was used (Doke et al., 1995; Hayashi et al., 1995). The RRMD results indicate that low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) particles steadily penetrate around the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) without clear enhancement of dose equivalent and some daily periodic enhancements of dose equivalent due to high LET particles are seen at the lower geomagnetic cutoff regions (Doke et al., 1996). We also have been analyzing the space weather during the experiment, and found that the anomalous high-energy particle enhancement was linked to geomagnetic disturbance due to the high speed solar wind from a coronal hole. Additional analysis and other experiments are necessary for clarification of these phenomena. If a penetration of high-energy particles into the low altitude occurs by common geomagnetic disturbances, the prediction of geomagnetic activity becomes more important in the next Space Station's era.

Atlantic Ocean↗
PubMed1997

Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: MR imaging versus angiographically assisted helical CT.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to compare the combination of conventional spin-echo, phase-shift gradient-recalled echo (GRE), and triple-phasic dynamic GRE MR imaging with the combination of helical CT hepatic arteriography (CTA) and CT performed during arterial portography (CTAP) in the preoperative detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with cirrhosis underwent MR imaging and angiographically assisted CT imaging. Paired T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images, paired in-phase and out-of-phase GRE images, triple-phasic dynamic GRE images, the combined MR images, and the paired CTA and CTAP images were retrospectively and independently reviewed by three radiologists. Image review was done on a segment-by-segment basis. Of the 280 liver segments, 58 segments contained 79 HCCs that were 0.5-8.0 cm (mean, 2.0 cm) in diameter. The diagnostic value of each pair of images was rated by means of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The diagnostic accuracy of combined CTA and CTAP (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [Az] = 0.94) was significantly better than that of spin-echo (Az = 0.86, p < .0001), phase-shift GRE (Az = 0.83, p < .0001), dynamic GRE (Az = 0.85, p < .0001), and all combined (Az = 0.91, p < .001) MR imaging. The relative sensitivity of combined CTA and CTAP (89%) was also significantly (p < .0005) better than that of the combined MR imaging (75%). CONCLUSION: Angiographically assisted helical CT imaging was superior to MR imaging combined with conventional spin-echo, phase-shift GRE, and triple-phasic dynamic GRE techniques in the detection of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. The noninvasive dedicated combined MR imaging could not obviate invasive angiographically assisted CT imaging. Combined CTA and CTAP is recommended, especially in the preoperative examination of patients with HCC.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Roxithromycin attenuates acid-induced cough and water-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma.

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of roxithromycin, a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, on the cough response to inhaled acetic acid (AA) and on the bronchoconstriction induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) in children with asthma. Ten hospitalized asthmatic children (8 boys and 2 girls, mean +/- SEM age 12.6 +/- 0.4 years) were enrolled in this study. They were treated with 150 mg of roxithromycin once a day orally for 8 weeks without any side effects. All the patients underwent AA inhalation challenge before and 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the administration of roxithromycin. Seven of the 10 patients, who had a fall in FEV1 of at least 20% after UNDW inhalation, underwent UNDW inhalation challege at the same time. The cough threshold values, the lowest concentrations of AA eliciting coughs, and UNDW provocative dose producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (UNDW PD20) values 4 or 8 weeks after the administration of roxithromycin increased significantly over the initial values (p < 0.05). No significant change was observed in baseline FEV1 or serum theophylline concentrations throughout the study. These results support the notion that administration of roxithromycin may have favorable results in the treatment of childhood asthma.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1997

[Doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies].

Cardiac function was evaluated in 53 elderly patients with hematologic malignancies who were being treated with doxorubicin (DXR). The left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by radionuclide angiocardiography, the washout rate by 123I-MIBG myocardial SPECT, the extent and severity scores by 123I-BMIPP myocardial SPECT, and the frequency of premature ventricular contractions by Holter electrocardiography. 1) In some patients, both the washout rate and the extent and severity scores were abnormally high before treatment. 2) Because the washout rate correlated with the total dose of DXR, it may be an early indicator of cardiac sympathetic nervous dysfunction. 3) The left ventricular ejection fraction correlated with the extent and severity scores, but not with the washout rate or with the frequency of premature ventricular contractions. 4) The washout rate correlated with the frequency of premature ventricular contractions. These data show that elderly patients had abnormal cardiac function even before treatment with DXR; that cardiac sympathetic dysfunction and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction developed at total DXR doses of 250 to 300 mg/m2 or higher; and that the left ventricular ejection fraction was less than or equal to 50% in many patients. Consequently, when DXR is used to treat elderly patients, multimodal evaluation of cardiac function is necessary to detect cardiotoxicity and to determine the optimal total dose and the optimal dosage.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Magnetic resonance imaging of a case of central nervous system tuberculosis with tuberculous arachnoiditis and multiple tuberculomas].

A 62-year-old woman developed headache, vomiting and fever. On admission to hospital, she showed an imparied level of consciousness, diplopia on left lateral gaze, bilateral hearing loss and left hemiparesis. Cranial contrast computed tomography (CT) revealed basal meningeal enhancement. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed an increase in cell count (80/mm3) and total protein (3000 mg/dl), and a decrease in glucose (65 mg/dl) in comparison with blood sugar (173 mg/dl). Polymerase chain reaction was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the CSF. She was diagnosed as having tuberculous meningitis and was treated with anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. Her level of consciousness recovered and other clinical signs improved gradually the first month after admission. However, in spite of the combination of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and steroid therapy, her combination of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and steroid therapy, her consciousness level worsened again in association with paraplegia at the sixth week after admission and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple tuberculomas, spinal arachnoiditis and spinal cord infarction. On T2-weighted imaging some of the tuberculomas showed a central hyperintense area (a central bright core) with an isointense periphery, which was surrounded by a hyperintense area. The lesion appeared hypointense with an isointense rim on T1-weighted imaging, showing a ring enhancement on post-contrast T1W imaging. The spinal cord infarction was situated at the third thoracic cord, which corresponded to the borderline of spinal artery perfusion. This is a rare case of progression of spinal arachnoiditis and spinal cord infarction during anti-tuberculous chemotherapy, and who had tuberculoma with a central bright core on MRI.

Arachnoiditis↗
PubMed1997

Zopiclone versus diazepam effects on EEG power maps in healthy volunteers.

EEG effects of zopiclone (7.5 mg), a cyclopyrrolone derivative with hypnotic action, were compared with effects of diazepam (10 mg). Multichannel EEG recordings, double-blind crossover trials with placebo, and oral single doses were used in healthy volunteers. Vigilance-controlled EEG before and after zopiclone (and placebo), and before and after diazepam (and placebo) were analyzed into FFT power spectra. Effects were assessed as placebo-referred pre-post-medication power differences in four frequency bands. Overall statistics showed significant (P < 0.007) global differences between medication effects in the delta frequency band (0.5-3.5 Hz). After zopiclone, fronto-central delta increased bilaterally, whereas after diazepam delta decreased over centro-parietal to right temporo-occipital regions. These spatially different brain electric effects show that different neuronal populations must have become active in response to zopiclone and diazepam.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Laparoscopic investigation of 74 cases of nonpalpable testis].

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to evaluate the results and advantages of laparoscopic investigation of nonpalpable testis. METHOD: Since March 1986 to May 1996, we performed laparoscopy to investigate 88 nonpalpable testes of 74 cases under general anesthesia. On condition that testis was found intraabdominally, orchiectomy or orchiopexy was performed subsequently. With a finding of vas deferens and/or spermatic vessels entering into internal ring, inguinal canal was explored surgically. If both vas deferens and spermatic vessels were absent or blind-ending intraabdominally, no further examination was performed with a diagnosis of vanishing testis. RESULTS: Location of testes found in this study were as follows. Twenty three (26.1%) testes were found intraabdominally, 36 (40.9%) were intracanalicularly, 13 (14.8%) were distal to external inguinal ring, and 16 (18.2%) were vanishing testes. To those 39 (44.3%) intraabdominal and vanishing cases did not need inguinal exploration. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, a laparoscopic examination for nonpalpable testis is the most effective and less invasive procedure to make sure or preclude the location of the gonad. And in 18% of those who were enrolled in this study, no further surgical interventions were needed. An accurate locating of nonpalpable testis permits site-specific planning of surgical management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Thermophysiological responses under the influences of two types of clothing at an ambient temperature of 32 degrees C with sun radiation.

This study aimed to examine the different thermophysiological responses between two types of clothing (HALF, shirts with half sleeves and knee-length trousers; and LONG, shirts with long sleeves and long trousers) in a warm environment with artificial sun radiation. Seven females volunteered as subjects. The subject sat on a balance for 1 h in a climatic chamber with artificial sun. The artificial sun radiation was 600 kcal.m-2.h-1 in front of the subject. The ambient temperature was increased gradually from 27 to 31 degrees C over the experimental period. The globe temperature also increased from 27 to 43 degrees C in 15 min and was kept at 44 degrees C on additional 45 min. The main results were summarized as follows: 1) Extent of rise in rectal and mean skin temperatures during 1 h exposure was significantly higher in HALF than in LONG. 2) Local sweat rate was greater in HALF. 3) The subjects felt wetter and less comfortable in LONG. These results suggest that LONG could weaken heat stress when the subjects were exposed to sun radiation even under moderate warm ambient temperature.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Neural mechanisms for the clinical syndromes of Parkinson's disease].

The structural organization and neuronal circuit of the basal ganglia were reviewed, and the neural mechanisms for the clinical syndromes of Parkinson's disease were discussed. Dopamine depletion in parkinsonian patients causes an increase in neuronal activities in the globus pallidus internal segment and the substantia nigra pars reticulata, resulting in an inhibition of neurons in the thalamus and pedunculopontine nucleus, and developing akinesia and rigidity. Distorted integral information processes in the striatum and different involvement patterns of the two pathways of the information flow, the direct and indirect pathways, may cause diversity of the extrapyramidal syndromes in basal ganglia diseases. Also discussed was an instructional role of dopamine in generating a relevant voluntary movement by modulating the striatal neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Repair of ischemic cardiac rupture and perioperative management with mechanical circulatory assist].

Fifteen cases with ischemic cardiac rupture were reviewed. Three cases with subacute free wall rupture of the left ventricle, ten with ventricular septal perforation, and one with both ventricular septal perforation and blow-out type free wall rupture were included in this study. Six patients required mechanical circulatory assist such as IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping) and/or V-A bypass before operation. Four patients underwent an emergent operation after establishment of the circulatory assist and two patients had an urgent operation 5 and 10 days after the establishment respectively. Another patient underwent repair of cardiac rupture following manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Thus, preoperative mechanical circulatory assist was initiated in seven patients. Eight patients who were not supported by any preoperative mechanical circulatory assist underwent an emergent operation. At operation, infarcted free wall myocardium was resected and repaired with or without a patch, and ventricular septal perforation was repaired with a heterogeneous patch. The seven patients with preoperative mechanical circulatory assist and a patient without it required postoperative mechanical circulatory assist because of intractable heart failure. Six patients with perioperative circulatory assist, however, could not get recovery from their impaired cardiac function, and one died from infective mediastinitis after being weaned from IABP and V-A bypass with PCPS (Percutaneous CardioPulmonary Support). Seven patients who did not have perioperative mechanical circulatory assist uneventfully recovered but one. We concluded that mechanical circulatory assist can give a chance of survival to a patient with far advanced heart failure following ischemic cardiac rupture, and that a prompt and definite diagnosis and a prompt surgical repair are inevitable to get better clinical results.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Korsakoff syndrome].

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Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗