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Biomedical subjects

M Kerschensteiner

Publications and source records attributed to M Kerschensteiner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Broca's aphasia. The clinical picture and a consideration of the neurolinguistic structure (author's transl)].

Broca's aphasia is characterized by disorders on the phonemic, syntactic and lexical level of linguistic description. It is not only the patient's speech which is impaired; abilities to comprehend, read and write are likewise impaired. Articulatory disorders (dysarthria) which are due to an impaired innervation of the phonatory and articulatory musculature may exist. However these disorders do not account for all the linguistic deficits found in cases of Broca's aphasia. The characteristic feature enabling a differential diagnosis of Broca's aphasia is agrammatism.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Diagnostic value of saccadic pursuit eye movement in screening for organic cerebral dysfunction.

In order to validate the results obtained in a preliminary investigation the saccadation of slow pursuit eye movements was examined in 19 patients with unilateral brain damage, in 25 patients with diffuse cerebral disease and in 26 neurotic patients. The diagnostic significance of saccadation was ascertained in detecting general cerebral dysfunction. By means of a discriminant function combining the parameters, "number" and "size", of saccades more than 80% of the brain-damaged patients and controls could be identified correctly, but the side of the cerebral lesion could not be determined.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1977

[Global aphasia. The clinical picture and a consideration of the neurolinguistic structure (author's transl)].

Global aphasia is described as a unitary syndrome which is characterized by a severe impairment of all linguistic capabilities. Speech production is extremely limited and consists of stereotyped phrases, recurring utterances or a few isolated words which are usually neologistically distorted. The patients are unable to express their thoughts in a situationally adequate manner. Language comprehension is restricted to simple questions and commands. A clinical description of the syndrome is given and the neurolinguistic structure of the disorders is discussed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1975

[The clinical picture and a consideration of the neurolinguistic structure (author's transl)].

Despite the variability of its behavioral manifestations Wernicke's aphasia is considered to be a unitary syndrome. According to the criteria of intelligibility, phonemic and semantic paraphasias in spontaneous speech, 4 forms of Wernicke's aphasia are differentiated: 1) with predominantly semantic paraphasias, 2) with semantic jargon, 3) with predominantly phonemic paraphasias and 4) with phonemic jargon. A severe deficit in language understanding is common to all 4 forms. In addition to phonemic and semantic paraphasias paragrammatism is an outstanding feature of the language production in Wernicke's aphasia. After a survey of views about the localization of the lesion and of earlier descriptive models a neurolinguistic explantation of the characteristic symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia is suggested.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1975

[Diagnosis of language-understanding deficit in aphasia. Methodological considerations and composition of a test for discourse comprehension (author's transl)].

The investigation of language comprehension in aphasics has usually been concerned only with the word and sentence levels. It has not been considered that language in the normal communicative situation has the character of discourse. Furthermore, language understanding should be conceived of as comprising different processes of comprehension which can be selectively affected in aphasia. It was therefore necessary to compose a test for text comprehension. In this test the patient is read a short text and then required to choose that picture from a multiple-choice set which is most appropriate to the story. Texts and pictures were developed according to the linguistic parameters: agent/experiencer, action, situation, metaphorical comment. With the tasks kept uniform this test allows not only quantitative but also qualitative statistical evaluation. Preliminary results show that the test reveals qualitative differences between subtypes of aphasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Grammatical impairment in developmental aphasia.

The language production of a 23 year old patient with developmental aphasia caused by birth injury was analyzed in detail within the framework of Chomsky's generative grammar. It was shown that different stages of grammatical development occur simultaneously, without the predominance of those grammatical forms which are identical with or close to adult grammar. Thus the language of this patient with developmental aphasia is quite comparable to the language of children from 3 to 6, and shares many features with grammatical impairment well known from agrammatism and paragrammatism in adult aphasia. It was suggested that in developmental aphasia incomplete linguistic generalizations are related to an incomplete maturation of inhibitory functions during language acquisition, whereas in adult aphasia comparable forms of less advanced grammars are set free by dissolution of function.

Adult↗