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Biomedical subjects

M Kino

Publications and source records attributed to M Kino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum in a child: incidental onset possibly associated with the ingestion of a foreign body.

UNLABELLED: Funnel-type intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (windsock web) is a rare congenital malformation. A 4-year-old boy with vomiting and abdominal pain for several weeks was referred to the hospital. A plain abdominal X-ray on admission disclosed a double bubble sign. Abdominal echography and CT disclosed a foreign body lodged in the alimentary tract. After the foreign body was removed with a fibrescope, endoscopy showed a stenotic descending portion where the foreign body was located. An upper gastro-intestinal contrast study demonstrated a post-bulbar duodenal stenosis with a barium-filled pear-shaped sac in the descending portion of the duodenum. Surgical exploration was done under the diagnosis of windsock web of the duodenum. A simple excision of the web at its base was carried out. A hole 7 mm in diameter was found at the edge of the web. The microscopic appearance of the resected specimen was characterized by the duodenal mucosa with an extensive chronic inflammation lining both sides of the diverticulum and the lack of muscular layer of mucosa. CONCLUSION: If an ingested material is not excreted in the stool, possible clogging in the intestinal tract should always be considered and a further intensive examination is warranted.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

Ultrasonographic follow-up of the healing process of medically treated hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

In hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), prompt pyloromyotomy is, in general, the treatment of choice. There has been no information available as to the natural history of the pyloric tumour. We present four infants with medically treated HPS who were followed by sonography to observe the anatomical changes that occur with atropine sulfate. The initial change was shortening of the pyloric canal, followed by thinning of the muscular layer as clinical symptoms improved.

Atropine↗
PubMed1998

A patient with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia evaluated by serial abdominal ultrasonography.

UNLABELLED: Adrenal enlargement was followed by serial ultrasonography in an infant with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (lipoid CAH) from day 12 until 2 years and 4 months of age, when they were no longer detectable. Contrary to other types of CAH in which the configuration changes soon after replacement therapy, this infant with lipoid CAH showed persistent adrenal cortex enlargement due to massive accumulation of lipids and cholesterol resulting in a damaged glandular cyto-architecture. CONCLUSION: ultrasonographically persistent enlargement of the adrenals after replacement therapy is suggestive of the lipoid form of CAH.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1997

Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of cDNA encoding human trehalase.

A complete cDNA clone encoding human trehalase, a glycoprotein of brush-border membranes, has been isolated from a human kidney library. The cDNA encodes a protein of 583 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 66,595. Human enzyme contains a typical cleavable signal peptide at amino terminus, five potential glycosylation sites, and a hydrophobic region at carboxyl terminus where the protein is anchored to plasma membranes via glycosylphosphatidylinositol. The deduced amino acid sequence of the human enzyme showed similarity to sequences of the enzyme from rabbit, silk worm, Tenebrio molitor, Escherichia coli and yeast. Northern blots revealed that human trehalase mRNA of approx. 2.0 kb was found mainly in the kidney, liver and small intestine. Expression of the recombinant trehalase in E. coli provided a high level of the enzyme activity. The isolation and expression of cDNA for human trehalase should facilitate studies of the structure of the gene, as well as a basis for a better understanding of the catalytic mechanism.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Ménétrier's disease evaluated serially by abdominal ultrasonography.

We report the case of a 3-year-old boy with Ménétrier's disease who presented with prominent anasarca associated with hypoproteinemia, but no proteinuria. An early sonogram of the stomach demonstrated thickening of the gastric wall which was found to resolve gradually on serial sonograms. Consequently, we considered that the submucosal layer of the gastric wall was particularly thickened as a result of Ménétrier's disease. A gastric biopsy was performed 18 days after onset of the disease, and an electron-microscopic examination of the sample disclosed persistent widening of gastric tight junctions by more than 10 nm. The patient made a full recovery on supportive treatment in 3 weeks. Ultrasonography provided us with a potent tool not only in making the diagnosis, but also in following the course of the disease.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

Altered intracellular calcium and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding to intact platelets in young obese subjects.

The study was designed to examine cytosolic free calcium ((Ca2+)i) and phorbol dibutyryl ester binding in intact platelets of young obese subjects as compared with the platelets of age-matched subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and those of healthy control subjects. The assay was studied in basal and thrombin-stimulated conditions. The binding parameter of phorbol ester is a criterion for active protein kinase C (PKC) units in the platelet plasma membrane. The resting (Ca2+)i correlated with body mass index (BMI)(r = 0.385, p = 0.0034) and plasma insulin level (r = 0.316, p = 0.0269), and the resting (Ca2+)i level was higher in the obesity group (160.6 +/- 15.8 nmol/L; n = 25) than controls (78.9 +/- 7.6 nmol/L; n = 24, p < 0.0001). Among the obesity and control groups, there was a correlation between BMI and fasting plasma insulin level (r = 0.399, p = 0.0237). Systolic blood pressure correlated with BMI(r = 0.504, p = 0.0005). The mean systolic blood pressure of the obesity group was higher than those of the other two groups. The mean Hill coefficient for thrombin-treated platelets of phorbol dibutyrate binding was higher in the obesity group when compared with healthy controls and the subjects with NIDDM (1.47 +/- 0.21 vs 1.06 +/- 0.16 and 0.99 +/- 0.09, respectively; p < 0.05). In conclusion, young subjects with simple obesity have already developed altered platelet Ca2+ regulation that is usually observed in adult patients with a number of metabolic diseases. These data are interpreted to indicate that a relationship exists between dysregulation of PKC and impaired glucose tolerance that precedes other complications of obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The amino acid sequence of mitogenic lectin-B from the roots of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana).

The complete amino acid sequence of pokeweed lectin-B (PL-B) has been analyzed by first sequencing seven lysylendopeptidase peptides derived from the reduced and S-pyridylethylated PL-B and then connecting them by analyzing the arginylendopeptidase peptides from the reduced and S-carboxymethylated PL-B. PL-B consists of 295 amino acid residues and two oligosaccharides linked to Asn96 and Asn139, and has a molecular mass of 34,493 Da. PL-B is composed of seven repetitive chitin-binding domains having 48-79% sequence homology with each other. Twelve amino acid residues including eight cysteine residues in these domains are absolutely conserved in all other chitin-binding domains of plant lectins and class I chitinases. Also, it was strongly suggested that the extremely high hemagglutinating and mitogenic activities of PL-B may be ascribed to its seven-domain structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Endothelin-1 has a priming effect on production of superoxide anion by alveolar macrophages: its possible correlation with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of endothelin (ET)-1 in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Tracheal aspirates were obtained from 27 newborn babies with respiratory distress (13 with BPD and 14 without BPD) who were mechanically ventilated. Production of superoxide anion (O2-) by rabbit alveolar macrophages was determined by preincubation with the tracheal aspirate supernatant (TAS) and stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). O2- production was demonstrated only when PMA was added to the experimental system and was enhanced with TAS of infants who later developed BPD compared with TAS from infants without BPD. The effects of ET-1 and ET-3 on O2- production and the blockade by anti-ET-1 antibody and BQ123 (ET A receptor antagonist) were also examined. The enhancing effect was blocked by either anti-ET-1 antibody or BQ123. PMA-stimulated production of O2- increased when cells were preincubated with several doses of ET-1 (5 x 10(-13) to 2 x 10(-12) M), whereas ET-3 was without effect. TAS contained significant amounts of immunoreactive ET-1, and there was a close positive correlation (r = 0.764) between the activity of O2- production and immunoreactive ET-1 levels in TAS samples. These results may be interpreted to indicate that ET-1 synthesized by and secreted from tracheal epithelial cells and/or alveolar macrophages has a priming effect on alveolar macrophages to produce O2-, thus possibly contributing to the development of BPD.

Albumins↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical study of a macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin, in pediatric patients].

Azithromycin (AZM), 10% fine granules or 100 mg capsules, were given orally to 27 children with various pediatric infections. The results of the study are shown below. 1. Pharmacokinetic investigation. We studied plasma and urinary concentrations after 100 mg AZM capsules were given. One patient received 8.3 mg/kg of AZM once a day for 3 days, and AZM concentration in plasma was 0.033 microgram/ml 48 hours after the final dosing. Doses of 8.3 and 12.5 mg/kg body weight of AZM were respectively given to two patients once daily for 3 days. As a result, AZM concentrations in urine during a period between 96 and 120 hours post-dosing were 1.67 and 4.53 micrograms/ml, respectively, and urinary excretion rate in 120 hours after the first dosing was 10.54% in the patient that was given 12.5 mg/kg. 2. Clinical investigation. Clinical efficacies were examined in 24 patients. Excellent results were obtained in 7 patients, good results in 14 patients, hence the clinical efficacy rate was 87.5%. Bacteriologically, Haemophilus influenzae strains isolates from 2 patients were eradicated in 1 and decreased in the other. Safety was evaluated in 26 patients. An adverse reaction was observed in 1 patient (urticaria). Abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 2 patients, decreased WBC in 1 and elevation of eosinophils in the other. The above results suggest that AZM is a useful oral antibiotic for pediatric patients with infection with susceptible organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Purification and characterization of three mitogenic lectins from the roots of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana).

Three mitogenic lectins, designated PL-A, PL-B, and PL-C, were purified from the roots of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) using Q-Sepharose column chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, hydrophobic chromatography on Butyl-Toyopearl, and FPLC on a Mono-Q column. PL-A, PL-B, and PL-C are acidic proteins having isoelectric points of 4.35 and their apparent molecular masses were 22, 48, and 21 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, respectively. The three lectins have similar amino acid compositions rich in half-cystine and similar N-terminal sequences, indicating that they are homologous proteins. Identical sequences of N-terminal regions and six corresponding tryptic peptides in PL-A and PL-B suggested that PL-A may be an N-terminal half fragment of PL-B. Although all of three lectins have mitogenic activities, PL-B is a mitogenic lectin with the most potent hemagglutinating and mitogenic activities, and PL-C has almost no hemagglutinating activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical evaluation of a new oral penem, SY5555, in infants and children].

A clinical study was performed on SY5555, a newly developed penem antibiotic, in children. SY5555 was given orally to 14 patients at 19-29 mg/kg/day in 3 doses for 4 to 12 days. Clinical evaluations were made on the 14 patients including 4 with pharyngitis, 7 with tonsillitis, one with urinary tract infection, and 2 with impetigo. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 2, good in 12, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Causative organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) were all eradicated. As to adverse reactions, mild diarrhea was observed in 4 patients. These data suggest that SY5555 is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Thiamine disulfide as a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (type-1) production.

Thiol and disulfide compounds were tested as an anti-HIV drug against transactivator (Tat)-mediated transactivation of HIV-1. Of all the compounds tested, thiamine disulfide, alpha-lipoic acid, and N-acetycysteine significantly depressed HIV-1 Tat activity. Thiamine disulfide alone in these compounds possessing anti-HIV-Tat activity markedly inhibited production of progeny HIV-1 in acute and chronic HIV-1-infected CEM at nontoxic concentrations of 500-1000 microM. Thiamine disulfide (500 microM) blocked 99.7% of HIV-1 production after 96 hr culture in acute HIV-1 (LAV-1) infection (m.o.i. = 0.002), whereas it inhibited 90-98% of HIV-1 production in chronic-infected cells (CEM/LAV-1, H9/MN, and Molt-4/IIIB). The results suggest that thiamine disulfide may be important for AIDS chemotherapy.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical evaluation of a new parenteral cephem, cefozopran, in children].

Cefozopran (CZOP, SCE-2787), a new parenteral cephem, was evaluated for its antibacterial activity and clinical efficacy. CZOP, 24.0-78.0 mg/kg/day, was given to 11 pediatric patients in 3 dose a day via 30-minute drip infusion. Clinically evaluated were nine patients including 4 with acute pneumonia, 2 with urinary tract infections, 2 with lymphadenitis and 1 with sepsis. Two patients were excluded because of possible non-bacterial infections. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 5, good in 3 and fair in 1. Bacteriological responses were confirmed for 5 strains in 5 patients. Four strains were eradicated, but one strain was not. MICs of CZOP were equal to those of ceftazidime. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 3 patients; diarrhea in 1, elevated GPT in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1, but none of them was significant.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

Allyl compounds selectively killed human immunodeficiency virus (type 1)-infected cells.

Various allyl compounds were tested as anti-HIV reagents. Of all the allyl compounds tested, allyl disulfide (CH2 = CH-CH2-S-S-CH2-CH = CH2), allyl alcohol (CH2 = CH-CH2-OH), and its ester strongly depressed cell proliferation of HIV-1-infected cells. KC50 (50% killing concentration) of the allyl disulfide and the allyl alcohol were 34 microM and 10 microM, respectively. The allyl alcohol, in particular, completely inhibited cell growth of HIV-1-infected cells by a single injection at a concentration of 40 microM, ultimately killing the viable CEM/LAV-1 cells within 96 hr cultivation. No effect of the allyl alcohol and its esters on cell proliferation of CEM cells, which are a HIV-1 noninfected human T-cell cell line, was observed at the concentration range of 20 to 200 microM under the same experimental conditions. The results suggest that the effect of the allyl alcohol and its esters resulted in remarkable promotion of the cytopathic effect induced by HIV-1 virus.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical evaluation of a new cephem S-1108 in infants and children].

A clinical study in children has been performed on S-1108, a newly developed cephem antibiotic. S-1108 was given orally to 30 patients, at doses between 8 and 12 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 2 to 10 days. Clinical evaluations were made on 26 patients consisting of 12 patients of pharyngitis, 5 of tonsillitis and of impetigo, one each of bronchitis, cystitis, lymphadenitis and cellulitis. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 10, good in 15, fair in 1 with an efficacy rate of 96%. As to adverse reactions, mild diarrhea (2 patients) and transients elevation of transaminases (one patient) were observed. These data suggest that S-1108 is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of a new oral cephalosporin, cefprozil, in pediatrics].

Cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new oral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its antibacterial activity and clinical efficacy. Thirty-four patients were treated with 7.7-36.2 mg/kg per day of CFPZ divided into 3 times. A total of 33 patients including 3 with acute pneumonia, 2 with acute bronchitis, 17 with acute upper respiratory tract infections, 4 with urinary tract infections, 1 with suppurative lymphadenitis and 6 with other soft tissue infections were evaluated for clinical efficacy except for 1 patient whose general conditions were too serious to continue to be treated with orally medication. Clinical effects were excellent in 8 patients and good in 23 but 2 cases were excluded because they were suspected for viral infections, hence the overall efficacy rate was 100%. Bacteriological responses were confirmed on 6 (66.7%) strains which were eradicated by the treatment out of 9 strains identified. CFPZ showed stronger antibacterial activities than those of cefaclor. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 2 patients; nausea and pallor of face in 1 patient and an increase of eosinophil in 1. The above findings suggest that CFPZ is a safe and useful antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatric patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Platelet-activating factor detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from an asthmatic patient.

It recently has been recognized that platelet-activating factor (PAF) may be a mediator of asthma exacerbation. We had the opportunity to analyze bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from an asthmatic infant, which were characterized by neutrophil infiltration. The patient's lungs were washed on three occasions with saline during asthmatic attacks. PAF was found in each case on the basis of its ability to cause the immediate aggregation of washed rabbit platelets. The PAF detected was equivalent to 1-1.4 pmol of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, three quarters of which were recovered in cell-associated form. By contrast, we did not detect PAF in bronchoalveolar exudates from patients with laryngeal stenosis or with respiratory distress syndrome. LysoPAF, the direct precursor as well as initial metabolite of PAF, was also analyzed after being converted to PAF by acetylation. There was a wide variation in the amount of lysoPAF present in individual patients, suggesting that lysoPAF levels cannot be taken as an indicator for the presence of PAF.

Asthma↗