Biomedical subjects

M Kishida

Publications and source records attributed to M Kishida.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Isolation and genetic characterization of pGKL killer-insensitive mutants (iki) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The linear double stranded DNA plasmid pGKL1 encodes the yeast killer toxin complex (Gunge et al., 1981) of which the killing mechanism is not understood. We isolated and characterized eight mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that were insensitive to both the intracellularly expressed 28-kDa killer subunit and the native killer toxin complex. These mutations (iki1 through iki5) were all recessive, and classified into five complementation groups. The iki2 mutation was mapped to a position near the centromere on chromosome XIII. We developed a novel screening system to isolate the DNA fragments complementing the iki mutations from a Saccharomyces gene library, and isolated three DNA fragments that complement the iki1, iki3, and iki4 mutations, respectively.

Cloning, Molecular↗

PubMed1996

[A comparison of two delivery methods on the bronchodilator effects of beta 2-stimulant].

The airway response to a bronchodilator, salbutamol delivered by a new handy ultrasonic nebulizer and the compressed air nebulizer was studied in a blind manner. Patients by the ultrasonic nebulizer had better percent increase in FVC and FEV1 significantly and in other parameters showed a tendency to being better than those by the compressed air nebulizer. These results suggest that this ultrasonic nebulizer may be more useful than the compressed air nebulizer as inhalation therapy for bronchial asthma. This ultrasonic nebulizer has several advantages over the compressed air nebulizer. This nebulizer is compact size, light weight and has dry batteries as power source, making it more convenient for travel and use at workplace.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1995

Malignant lymphomas in elderly patients. Four cases studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.

Four cases of malignant lymphomas in elderly patients are reported, along with the results of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed that three cases consisted of diffuse neoplastic proliferation of medium-sized lymphocytes (diffuse) lymphoma, medium-sized cell type), while the remaining one showed follicular neoplastic proliferation of medium-sized lymphocytes (follicular lymphoma, medium-sized cell type). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that most of the tumor cells in three cases had weak to moderate immunoreactivity for L26 and weak reactivity for IgM. Most of the tumor cells in one case showed weak reactivity for IgG. Some tumor cells in three cases had weak reactivity for vimentin, and some in two cases showed weak positivity for KP1 and PG-M1. Ultrastructural examination revealed that tumor cells in all four cases contained large nuclei with clear nucleoli and scant cytoplasm. Most of the intercellular junctions were smooth, but in one case, some areas exhibited desmosomes.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Meiosis-dependent mRNA splicing of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe mes1+ gene.

The mes1+ gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is essential for the second meiotic division. We have cloned a 1.1-kb HindIII fragment containing mes1+ by complementation from an S. pombe genomic library. Sequencing of the genomic and cDNA fragments indicates the existence of one small intron of 75 nucleotides, although both the 5'(G/GTTAGT) and 3'(CAG/T) intron-exon junctions deviate from the consensus sequences proposed for S. pombe. The putative translation product of the mature mes1+ mRNA is a 11-kDa protein of 101 amino acids which has no significant homology to any previously-reported proteins. Disruption of mes1 has no effect on cell growth but causes an arrest of meiosis before the second meiotic division. Northern-blot analysis revealed that mes1+ was preferentially transcribed under conditions of nitrogen starvation. When a h90 homothallic strain was shifted to a nitrogen-deficient medium, a pre-mRNA accumulated and then was gradually processed to generate a mature mRNA. This splicing did not occur in either a heterothallic haploid strain or in a homothallic mei2 mutant strain which was defective in the initiation of meiosis. Expression of the first exon alone was not able to suppress the mes1 null allele. These results indicate that mes1+ is required for the completion of meiosis, that splicing is required for the function of the mes1+ gene, and that this splicing requires the function of the mei2+ product.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Measurement of free insulin-like growth factor-I using immunoradiometric assay.

The free Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in plasma from normal adults was directly measured with a newly developed highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for IGF-I. The capture antibody did not crossreact with IGF-I associated binding proteins which exist in plasma, and the assay was designed not to shift the equilibrium of the IGF-I and binding proteins. Total IGF-I concentration was measured using this assay with preliminary acid-ethanol extraction. Approximately 1 percent of total IGF-I existed in the free form. Gel filtration of plasma was also used to separate the free IGF-I from its bound form. The free/total ratio of IGF-I as determined by gel filtration was similar to that determined directly by IRMA with and without acid-ethanol extraction.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Does clinical stage have any influence on the results of provocation tests in allergic children? I. The best clinical stage for food provocation tests].

To investigate the best clinical stage for food provocation tests, twenty allergic patients who had early allergic reactions induced by any kind of food were tested. The patients were classified into two groups. Group I; open-food challenge tests were performed on eleven patients within 48 hours of admission. Group II; the tests were performed on nine patients seven or more days after admission. In these food provocation tests, there were nine positive results in Group II (p < 0.05). The percentage of eosinophils in the blood was higher in cases of positive provocation than in cases of negative provocation (p < 0.05). Moreover the percentage of eosinophils decreased after admission day by day in the provocation-negative patients of Group II, but there was no change in the provocation-positive patients. These results suggest that individual sensitivity to food decreased after admission. Therefore, in order to assess the actual sensitivity of allergic children it is necessary that food provocation tests be performed within two days of admission or before admission.

Child↗

PubMed1993

Secretion of mouse alpha-amylase from fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: presence of chymostatin-sensitive protease activity in the culture medium.

We have constructed two secretion vectors for Schizosaccharomyces pombe using an SV40 promoter and the secretion signals of the pGKL killer toxin complex derived from Kluyveromyces lactis. Although indigenous secretory glycoproteins tend to accumulate in the periplasmic space of S. pombe, we have succeeded in the secretion of mouse alpha-amylase into the culture medium. The efficiency of secretion, processing pattern, stability and culture conditions for mouse alpha-amylase were studied in S. pombe. The 128 kDa killer secretion signal was more effective in directing secretion of mouse alpha-amylase than the 28 kDa killer secretion signal. We detected a chymostatin-sensitive protease activity in the culture medium of S. pombe, which digests mouse alpha-amylase secreted into the culture medium. The addition of 5 micrograms/ml chymostatin was shown to protect mouse alpha-amylases from this degradation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Immunocytochemical and immunogold localization of two prolactin isoforms in the same pituitary cells and in the same granules in the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus).

The tilapia pituitary secretes two forms of prolactin (tPRL) and a single growth hormone (tGH). The tPRLs share only 69% sequence identity and are designated tPRL177 and tPRL188 to indicate the number of amino acid residues in each isoform. Our aim was to develop specific antisera for detection of these three related polypeptides. Ten peptides corresponding to unique epitopes on the tPRLs and two peptides of tGH were synthesized using solid-phase methods, conjugated to carrier proteins, and used as immunogens for antibody production in rabbits. Select antisera for the tPRLs were highly specific, exhibiting only 1% cross-reactivity to the alternate tPRL under noncompetitive ELISA conditions at dilutions used in immunocytochemical analysis. The anti-tGH specifically bound to cells in the proximal pars distalis. Production of both tPRLs by a single cell type was indicated by the binding of both anti-tPRL177 and anti-tPRL188 to the same cells in the rostral pars distalis. Ultrastructural analysis of PRL-producing cells stained sequentially using the two different anti-tPRL antibodies labeled with immunogold of two size classes indicated that both tPRLs appear in the same granules. These findings suggest that the biological significance of two forms of PRL in the adult tilapia is not a function of differential regulation of two different classes of PRL cells or differential release of unique secretory granules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Responses of plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to methacholine and exercise loading in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma.

Responses of plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to methacholine inhalation and to exercise loading were studied in asthmatic patients to clarify a significant role of the peptide. The mean of basal VIP in asthmatics was not significantly different from the normals. The levels were increased after FEV (1.0) (forced expiratory volume in a second) decreased to 80% of the baseline following methacholine inhalation and were returned to values similar to the baseline when FEV (1.0) recovered to 100%. Thirty minutes after the exercise, mean VIP was significantly lower in patients with the lowest FEV (1.0). These results suggest that VIPergic system contributes, at least partly, to relax constricted bronchioles in some patients with bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness changes after 5 months of regular procaterol inhalation therapy in asthmatic children.

It is well known that procaterol has more potent antiallergic properties than previous beta-stimulants. Thirteen children with asthma who could be controlled for 2 months with a regular procaterol aerosol given 4 times/day (10 micrograms/dose) were studied. Histamine challenges were performed before and an average of 5 months after the consecutive treatment. No significant differences were seen in peak expiratory flow values. PC20 increased significantly from 132.9 +/- 127.7 micrograms/ml to 762.4 +/- 1205.7 micrograms/ml after 5 months. These results suggest that asthmatic children who can be controlled with regular use of the beta-stimulant procaterol are likely to have a decreased bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1993

[A comparison of two delivery devices on the bronchodilatory effects of procaterol from a metered dose inhaler].

The bronchodilatory response to procaterol delivery by a metered dose inhaler with a spacer device (Volumatic) and a corniced extension tube was studied in a double blind manner in 18 asthmatic children, who were brought to our emergency room with acute attacks. The mean percent increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) with the Volumatic was 55.6 +/- 39.3%, and 46.2 +/- 37.4% with the extension tube. There were no significant differences in the mean percent increase in FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal flow rate at 50% of vital capacity (V50), maximal flow rate at 25% of vital capacity (V25) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) between the two devices. It is concluded that there is no difference in the bronchodilatory effects of the two devices. The corniced extension tube has the advantage of being less expensive and more convenient to carry around.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

Induction by beta-estradiol of vitellogenin in striped bass (Morone saxatilis): characterization and quantification in plasma and mucus.

Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) were implanted with beta-estradiol to induce the production of vitellogenin, the egg yolk precursor produced by the liver. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that beta-estradiol caused marked production of a plasma protein of apparent molecular mass 170 kDa. Size exclusion chromatography suggested that the estradiol-induced protein circulated as a dimer. This protein was purified from the plasma of estradiol-treated fish by DEAE-agarose column chromatography and used to induce antibodies in rabbits and goats. Western blots revealed that the antiserum bound to the putative vitellogenin in plasma from estradiol-treated fish and adult females, but not with any proteins in male plasma. Western blot of ovarian extract revealed several smaller immunoreactive protein bands and supported the identity of the purified protein as vitellogenin. A competitive ELISA was developed with sensitivity in a range from 8 to 1000 ng/ml. Plasma concentrations of adult females during their spawning migration ranged from 100 to 600 micrograms/ml. Western blot of mucus extract revealed the presence of a 170-kDa protein in vitellogenic female fish along with several minor bands ranging from 50 to 110 kDa. Positive immunoreactivity was present in the surface mucus of all females and in none of the males collected during a spawning migration in the Hudson River.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Oxatomide modifies methacholine- and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children.

Oxatomide is a potent inhibitor of both the release and effects of allergic mediators and is similar to calcium antagonists in chemical structure. It prevents histamine release by inhibiting not only the increase in calcium intake, but also intracellular calcium release. We investigated its effect on methacholine-induced and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children. Methacholine challenges were performed after oral administration of 0.88 mg/kg oxatomide or placebo in nine asthmatic children in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Respiratory thresholds were improved in seven patients and log PC20 in the oxatomide group (6.65 +/- 1.34 micrograms/mL) was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (5.74 +/- 1.04 micrograms/mL) (P < .05). Exercise challenges were performed after oral administration of 1.5 mg/kg oxatomide or placebo in eight asthmatic children in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Oxatomide produced acute bronchodilatation with 6.1% improvement on an average in FEV1. The mean maximal % fall obtained by oxatomide was 13.5%, while that by placebo was 22% (P < .05). These results indicate that oxatomide reduces nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Cobalt(II)-catalyzed chemiluminescence in a dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride bilayer membranous medium for the flow injection determination of phenylpyruvic acid.

A novel chemiluminescence system is described for the flow injection determination of phenylpyruvic acid (PPA). The presence of both ordered surfactant molecular assemblies and a metal ion catalyst in the system is essential for the phosphorescence of benzaldehyde (emitter) produced by the aerobic oxidation of PPA in alkaline solution. Dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride bilayer aggregates and cobalt (II) allows PPA to be selectively determined down to 1 X 10(-7) M. The linearity is 2 orders of magnitude with a relative standard deviation 3.1% (n = 10) for 1 X 10(-6) M PPA. Of 28 other species (1 X 10(-3) M) tested, only 4-hydroxymanderic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylpyruvic acid provided signals 2-13 times more intense than that for 1 X 10(-6) M PPA. PPA present at 10(-3) - 10(-2) M levels in urine from patients with phenylketonuria can be determined with no special sample pretreatment by using this CL procedure. The mechanistic study of the present luminescent reaction are also undertaken in detail. The bilayer aggregates were found to contribute favorably both to the production of key intermediates and to the efficient phosphorescence emission.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Simultaneous development of two cases of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome with the same lot of L-tryptophan in Japan.

A newly recognized and well-described connective tissue disease, eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, is thought to relate to L-tryptophan ingestion. The suspect L-tryptophan made in Japan has been distributed in Japan and in the United States. Different from many case reports of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in the United States, it has not been reported in Japan. We describe the first case reports of two Japanese patients. Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome developed in these patients simultaneously, during L-tryptophan treatment by the same physician using the same lot of prescribed L-tryptophan. Furthermore, both patients had the following HLA types: HLA-Aw33(w19), -B44(12), and -DR6. These findings implicate the existence of another factor in the development of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in addition to the suspect L-tryptophan.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Study of IgE.IgG4 antibodies on eczema in infants. II. Clinical characteristics of infants with egg white.RAST 4+].

The author made an assessment in his first report, regarding relationship to the degree of skin involvement. As a result, it was suggested that the extent of eczema is a good index for determining the severity of the allergy and also that the severity of the allergy early in the infancy has a good correlation with egg white.specific IgE antibody. Therefore, an assessment had been made this time regarding the clinical characteristics of 32 infants who have strong reactions (egg white.RAST 4+) to egg white. The results were as follows; 1. All the infants with egg white.RAST 4+ had a systemic eczema, and their IgE antibodies showed high values of 445.6 +/- 626.9 IU/ml. 2. There were many cases with positive multiple allergens. Particularly, all the infants with egg white.RAST 1+ - 2+ were negative to rice and wheat, while 7 cases positive RAST score to rice and 9 cases to wheat were seen out of the 32 who showed the RAST 4+ to egg.white early in the infancy (rice; p less than 0.02 and wheat; p less than 0.01). 3. If the growth curves of the group from which egg and milk were completely eliminated are compared with the curves of the healthy infants, the height and head circumference were entirely in the normal range while the weight and Kaup index had a trend of being a little low, though they were within the normal range. 4. Regarding family history of allergies, past histories of atopic dermatitis on the mother's side were observed at a high rate.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗

PubMed1991

[IgE.IgG4 antibody in eczema in infants between 5-7 months of age. I. Relationship to the degree of eczema involvement].

Assessments have been made of serum IgE and IgA value, specific IgE and IgG4 antibody titers to foods, house dust, mite and percent peripheral++ eosinophil count in 191 infants with and without eczema between 5-7 months of age. Eczema patients were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of eczema involvement and laboratory data were compared between these and not eczematous group. The results were as follows; 1) IgE antibody titers were higher as the degree of eczema involvement increased. 2) RAST positive rates to foods increased with the degree of eczema involvement. Positive rate was highest to egg white followed by milk, soybean, wheat and rice. 3) Only 9 cases were RAST-positive to rice or wheat and all of them had IgE antibodies to other allergens tested. 4) A value of 10 IU/ml, which is the lowest measurable value of IgE in infants was considered to be a little too high to speculate allergy to some foods. 5) Specific IgG4 antibodies were positive only to milk. 6) All the 18 cases with positive milk-specific IgG4 antibody were all negative in milk-specific IgE antibody, and conversely all the 14 cases with positive milk-specific IgE antibody were negative in milk-specific IgG4 antibody. From these results, it was concluded that food allergy is related to the degree of eczema involvement in infants between 5-7 months of age.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

[Two cases of L-tryptophan ingestion induced eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome].

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), a new connective tissue disease was reported and named in 1989 from New Mexico, U.S.A. L-tryptophan has been suspected as the causative agent of EMS. This L-tryptophan was made in Japan, but no definite case of EMS has been reported in Japan. We report 2 patients with EMS. A 72-year-old woman and a 74-year-old woman, who had been treated with oral L-tryptophan 1 g/day for 4 and 5 months by the same doctor simultaneously. The clinical courses of the two cases were similar. A diffuse erythema and swelling appeared on the arms and spread over the whole body. The skin lesions turned into lustrous sclerosis. Eosinophilia was remarkable in the early stage. ANA, DNA anti-body and ENA antibodies were all negative. Neurological examination revealed a mild peripheral neuropathy. No sclerodactylia and no Raynaud's phenomenon in our cases are characteristic findings in EMS. The simultaneous onset of two cases using the same drug at the same time implicates the close relation of L-tryptophan ingestion to EMS.

Aged↗