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Biomedical subjects

M Kist

Publications and source records attributed to M Kist.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Serodiagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections with an enzyme immunoassay using the chromatographically purified 120 kilodalton protein.

A membrane-associated 120 kDa protein of Helicobacter pylori with known species-specificity was isolated and used in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of Helicobacter pylori-specific IgG antibodies in patient sera. The EIA was compared with two other methods used for serodiagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections: an EIA using sonicated whole Helicobacter pylori cell antigen and Western immunoblot. In a prospective study 127 unselected patients (76 patients with antrum gastritis, 51 patients without gastritis) who underwent gastroscopy were studied histologically and serologically. The EIA using the purified 120 kDa protein had the highest specificity (92%) compared with the EIA using a whole cell sonicate of a single Helicobacter pylori strain as antigen (60.7%) and the immunoblot (90.2%). The sensitivity was 96%, 100% and 92%, respectively. Sera of three control patients reacted strongly in all three methods, indicating possible Helicobacter pylori infection with negative histological findings. The EIA using the 120 kDa protein as antigen was shown to be a specific and sensitive technique for the serodiagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Elevated risk of Helicobacter pylori infection in submarine crews.

In a prospective study designed to elucidate the route of transmission of Helicobacter pylori, the seroprevalence and incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was determined in the following branches of the armed forces presumed to be at increased risk of acquiring transmissible diseases by the fecal-oral or oral-oral route: German submarine crews (n = 64, mean age 26.2 years) and regular officers of the French infantry (n = 51, mean age 26.5 years) who had served for a minimum of three years. The submarine crews were compared with air force staff (n = 74, mean age 23.7 years), and the French officers with French infantry recruits (n = 135, mean age 20.5 years) who started their service at the beginning of the study. The frequency of IgG and IgA antibody responses to the 120, 88, 86 and 82 kDa proteins was determined by the immunoblot method. The frequency of a positive antibody response was strongly dependent on age (p less than 0.001). When results were controlled for age by the logistic regression analysis, the submarine crews revealed significantly increased frequencies of the IgG and IgA responses compared to air force staff. The antibody responses of French officers and recruits were not significantly different. It is concluded that submarine crews serving during their missions in an overcrowded space with extremely limited sanitary facilities must be considered a high-risk group for Helicobacter pylori infection. These results strongly suggest person-to-person transmission of Helicobacter pylori, by either the oral-oral or the fecal-oral route.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Increase in Salmonella enteritidis infections in man: a world-wide problem].

During 1985 to 1990 a nearly threefold increase in human salmonellosis was observed in the Federal Republic of Germany, which was mainly due to an extremely high increase of the incidence of the serovar Salmonella Enteritidis (phage type 4), probably reflecting a worldwide epidemiological phenomenon due to the increased incidence of the serovar Enteritidis. Poultry and eggs were identified in various countries as most probable sources and routes of infection. An increased virulence for poultry, leading to chronic septicaemic infections of the animals, is discussed. The following measures are proposed for control: 1) identification and eradication of infected flocks, 2) improved husbandry practices, 3) salmonella-free animal feed, 4) hygienic disposal of all waste, 5) improved abattoir practices, 6) better education of the consumer concerning food hygiene, and 7) improved cooperation between commercial producers, research and Public Health while promoting modern epidemiologic and diagnostic methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Seroepidemiological study of the immune response to Campylobacter pylori in potential risk groups.

To gain more understanding of the epidemiology of Campylobacter pylori infection, the immune response to the organism was studied in the following selected potential risk groups: endoscopy staff (n = 45), dental staff (n = 58), orphanage children (n = 24), psychiatric patients (n = 58), and family contacts of Campylobacter pylori-infected patients (n = 55). The frequency of an IgG and IgA antibody response in the different groups was determined by the immunoblot method and compared with that in an appropriate control group (n = 189). The frequency of a positive antibody response was dependent on age (p less than 0.0001) but not on sex. When results were corrected for age by logistic regression analysis, all groups, with the exception of dental staff and orphanage children, revealed a significantly raised frequency of an IgA and combined IgG/IgA immune response compared to controls. There was not a significant difference for the IgG response, except in orphanage children. It is concluded that endoscopy staff, family contacts of Campylobacter pylori-infected patients and people living in closed communities such as psychiatric patients and orphanage children must be considered as risk groups for Campylobacter pylori infection. The findings support the notion that person-to-person spread and a common source are the predominant modes of transmission of Campylobacter pylori in addition to endoscopes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Host reactions to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in guinea-pigs preimmunized systemically with the adhesin of this pathogen.

Guinea-pigs developed systemic and local humoral responses after intraperitoneal immunization with the isolated adhesin (168 kDa protein) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells. Hilar lymphocytes of these animals showed proliferation after in vitro stimulation with the 168 kDa protein or sonicated M. pneumoniae whole cell antigen. Animals preimmunized and subsequently infected with M. pneumoniae showed increased M. pneumoniae-specific IgG, IgA and adherence inhibiting antibody activities. Nevertheless these animals developed severe lung lesions of lympho-histiocyte infiltrations. Furthermore hilar lymph nodes were depleted of immunocompetent lymphocytes, suggesting a cell transfer of specific stimulable lymphocytes to the inflammation sites.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Antibody response of patients against a 120 kDa surface protein of Campylobacter pylori.

Campylobacter pylori strains were isolated and serum samples were obtained from 63 patients. Immunoblots of 52 patients sera using their own isolates as antigen showed a 120 kDa band, which was missing in the other 11 isolates and the respective sera. This band was not detected in other Campylobacter species. Effects of trypsin treatment of bacteria and absorption of sera by live organisms suggest a C. pylori-specific surface protein.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Immunological reaction of guinea-pigs following intranasal Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and immunization with the 168 kDa adherence protein.

Humoral responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae proteins, especially the 168 kDa protein, were demonstrated by Western blotting in sera and bronchial washings of all groups of infected or immunized guinea-pigs. However, infection was not prevented by these local and systemic antibodies. Hilar lymphocytes of infected and immunized guinea-pigs were stimulated in vitro by sonicated M. pneumoniae antigen and by the 168 kDa protein. Stimulation was significantly lower in animals which had been infected twice or had been preimmunized and challenged by infection. Histologically the most severe lesions were seen in the twice-infected group followed by the preimmunized group which was subsequently infected.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cryptosporidia in immunocompetent patients with gastroenteritis.

In a prospective study Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in nine immunocompetent patients (0.6%). The frequency was remarkably higher in children in the 0 to 14 year age group (1.6%), surpassed only by Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. The predominant clinical features were watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Comparison of the epidemiological data of the patients with those of a control group showed that contact persons with enteritis and drinking of unpasteurized milk were significantly associated with cryptosporidiosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Who discovered Campylobacter jejuni/coli? A review of hitherto disregarded literature].

Non culturable spiral form bacteria were noted in 1886 by Theodor Escherich. He found them in stool specimens and large intestinal mucous associated with diarrhoea in neonates as well as in kittens. In the following years till the end of the century a number of mainly german language publications appeared, describing the occurrence of such "spirilla" in cases of "cholera-like" and "dysenteric" disease. These organisms were found mainly in the colon or associated with mucous in diarrheal stool specimens. Growth on solid medium was unsuccessful, although living bacteria could be kept in liquid culture medium for a few days. The following points suggest that the microorganisms described were probably Campylobacter ssp: typical morphology association with enteritis in neonates, infants and kittens failure to grow on solid medium despite microscopic detection and the fact that to date no other bacteria with comparable morphology have been associated with human enteric infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections. Etiologic clarification using fecal cultures].

Isolation of the causative organism in stool proved the aetiology of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in two patients. In a 12-year-old boy the clinical picture was of appendicitis. After appendicectomy the histological findings provided the diagnosis. The second patient, a 2-year-old girl, had protracted enteritis, completely cured by a course of cotrimoxazole. Culturing of Y. pseudotuberculosis from stool has previously been very rare. But new methods of culturing and other recent advances provide a better chance of success. Isolation of the organism in the acute stage of the disease should be attempted both from stool and from any biopsy material obtained during operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mycoplasma pneumoniae induces cytotoxic activity in guinea pig bronchoalveolar cells.

Precultured guinea pig alveolar macrophages (AM) and freshly harvested alveolar cells (FHAC) activated by interaction with Mycoplasma pneumoniae were cytotoxic for xenogeneic 75selenomethionine-labeled tumor target cells. Phagocytosis of whole opsonized or nonopsonized M. pneumoniae cells was more effective in eliciting cytotoxicity than uptake of sonicated microorganisms. The addition of living mycoplasma cells to the assay system enhanced the cytotoxic effect considerably. Target cells were significantly more susceptible to the cytotoxic action of phagocytes if they were coated with mycoplasma antigen or cocultured together with M. pneumoniae. The activation of the phagocytes could be inhibited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose but not by antimicrobial substances suppressing mycoplasma protein synthesis. It was accompanied by 51Cr release without detectable signs of cell damage. The supernatants of activated cells were cytotoxic for approximately 24 h. Inhibition, release, and cytotoxic activity indicate the necessity of an intact metabolism of the effector cells and suggest a secretion of cytotoxic substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Campylobacter infection in children].

Enteritis by Campylobacter jejuni/coli is by far the most frequent clinical entity of campylobacter-infection. It may be compared to salmonella-enteritis as for its epidemiologic importance. The course of the disease may be dramatic, but can be successfully treated as soon as the pathogen is known. In prematures and newborn babies infections with Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus are life-threatening and early diagnosis is of life-saving importance. Five observations of campylobacter-enteritis in children aged 2, 8, and 10 years are reported. They were characterized by high fever frequent loose, watery stools with blood, leucocytosis or leucopenia and elevated BSR. All children became asymptomatic with symptomatic treatment, without specific antibacterial therapy. The importance of campylobacter-infections, their diagnosis and course of disease in children are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗